Southern chestnut-breasted wren | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Troglodytidae |
Genus: | Cyphorhinus |
Species: | C. thoracicus |
Binomial name | |
Cyphorhinus thoracicus Tschudi, 1844 | |
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Synonyms | |
Leucolepis thoracicus [2] |
The southern chestnut-breasted wren (Cyphorhinus thoracicus) is a species of passerine bird in the wren family Troglodytidae that is found in southern Peru and the extreme northwest of Bolivia. It was formerly considered to be conspecific with the northern chestnut-breasted wren (Cyphorhinus dichrous) with the English name "chestnut-breasted wren".
The southern chestnut-breasted wren was formally described in 1844 by the Swiss naturalist Johann Jakob von Tschudi based on a specimen collected in Peru. He coined the binomial name Cyphorhinus thoracicus where the specific epithet is Medieval Latin meaning "pectoral" or "of the chest". [3] [4] [5] The southern chestnut-breasted wren was formerly treated as conspecific with the northern chestnut-breasted wren (Cyphorhinus dichrous) with the English name "chestnut-breasted wren". The two taxa are now split based on the significant vocal differences despite the minor difference in the color of the plumage. [6]
The southern chestnut-breasted wren is 11.5 to 15 cm (4.5 to 5.9 in) long and weighs 26.5 to 41 g (0.93 to 1.45 oz). It has a sooty black crown, a rich dark brown back and rump, and a dark brown tail. It has a deep orange-brown face, throat, and upper belly and dark brown flanks and lower belly. The juvenile differs from the adult in having a paler lower belly. [7]
The southern chestnut-breasted wren is found in central Peru and western Bolivia. [6] [7] It inhabits wet montane forest including cloud forest with abundant epiphytes and moss. It is mostly found between 1,200 and 2,700 m (3,900 and 8,900 ft) but down to 800 m (2,600 ft) in Peru's Manú Province. [7]
The chestnut-breasted wren typically remains within 1 m (3.3 ft) of the ground, foraging in leaf litter for invertebrates such as beetles and spiders. It hunts alone, in pairs, or in what are assumed to be small family groups. It only rarely joins mixed-species foraging flocks. [7]
Little is known about the chesnut-breasted wren's breeding phenology. Its nesting season appears to differ regionally; overall it is protracted. One nest in Peru has been photographed; it was a domed structure of mostly live material set very close to the ground. It contained two eggs. [7]
The songs of the two chesnut-breasted wren subspecies differ significantly. That of the "southern" C. t. thoracicus is "a variable, musical and usually unhurried series...[of] fluted whistles that differ from each other in pitch, which are then followed by a faster-paced series of 5–11 short whistles...or by a much faster trilled tremolo." Its call is "a low, somewhat frog-like and wooden 'krol'". The song of C. t. dichrous is "a series of usually 3–4 ethereal, clear whistled notes" and its call "a harsh 'churr'". [7]
The IUCN treats the southern chestnut-breasted wren as being of Least Concern. [1] The species is quite common in parts of Colombia, scarce in Ecuador, uncommon to locally common in Peru, and rare to uncommon in Bolivia. It does occur in several protected areas. [7]
Wrens are a family, Troglodytidae, of small brown passerine birds. The family includes 96 species and is divided into 19 genera. All species are restricted to the New World except for the Eurasian wren that is widely distributed in the Old World. In Anglophone regions, the Eurasian wren is commonly known simply as the "wren", as it is the originator of the name. The name wren has been applied to other, unrelated birds, particularly the New Zealand wrens (Acanthisittidae) and the Australian wrens (Maluridae).
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The fulvous wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The Peruvian wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The song wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.
Cyphorhinus is a genus of passerine birds in the wren family Troglodytidae that are found in South and Central America.
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The moustached wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.
The spot-breasted wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua.
The stripe-breasted wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama.
The mountain wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in the Andes of northwestern Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and western Venezuela.
The Bolivian earthcreeper is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina and Bolivia.
The ocellated woodcreeper is a species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
Tschudi's woodcreeper is a passerine bird native to South America. It belongs to the genus Xiphorhynchus in the woodcreeper subfamily, Dendrocolaptinae. It is usually regarded as a subspecies of the ocellated woodcreeper. It is named after Johann Jakob von Tschudi, the Swiss explorer and naturalist who first described the bird.
The northern chestnut-breasted wren is a species of passerine bird in the wren family Troglodytidae that is found in central Colombia, Ecuador and northern Peru. It was formerly considered as a subspecies of the chestnut-breasted wren now renamed the southern chestnut-breasted wren.