| Spotted wren | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Troglodytidae |
| Genus: | Campylorhynchus |
| Species: | C. gularis |
| Binomial name | |
| Campylorhynchus gularis Sclater, PL, 1861 | |
 | |
The spotted wren (Campylorhynchus gularis) is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to Mexico. [2]
The spotted wren has sometimes been considered conspecific with Boucard's wren (Campylorhynchus jocosus) but molecular data show that they are not closely related. The species is monotypic. [3]
The spotted wren is 17 cm (6.7 in) long and weighs 28.3 to 31 g (1.00 to 1.09 oz). Adults of both sexes have a chestnut crown and rufescent brown shoulders and back with dull black and buffy markings. The tail is gray-brown with darker bars. They have a white supercilium and a brown eyestripe above buffy white cheeks. Their chin, throat, and chest are off-white and the sides of the chest have blackish spots. The belly and lower flanks are buffy with faint barring. The juvenile's crown is dull black, the markings on the back are fainter than the adults', and the chest is pale buff without the adults' spots. [3]
The spotted wren is found in two areas of Mexico separated by unsuitable habitat. In the west it ranges from southeastern Sonora south to western México state and western Morelos. East of that band it ranges from southern Nuevo León, southwestern Tamaulipas, and central San Luis Potosí south to Hidalgo. It occurs in several habitat types, from dry oak and pine-oak woodlands to stands of shrubs and cactus to rocky slopes with palms. In elevation it is generally found between 800 and 2,500 m (2,600 and 8,200 ft) but ranges up to 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in Colima. [3]
The spotted wren actively forages in small groups, usually on or near the ground but as high as 15 m (49 ft). It probes bark crevices, epiphytes, and among rocks for invertebrates. It also eats vegetable matter like cactus seeds and has been seen to prey on small lizards. [3]
The spotted wren's breeding phenology is virtually unknown. It builds a domed nest with side entrance like others of its genus. The clutch size appears to be two to four. [3]
The spotted wren's song has been described as "a series of harsh churring notes" and "a series of unmusical gurgling phrases" . Its call is "a gruff 'cheh-cheh-cheht'" . [3]
The IUCN has assessed the spotted wren as being of Least Concern. [1] "Abundance varies; quite sparse and uncommon in some areas, and very common in suitable habitat in others." [3]
The white-headed wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Colombia and Panama.
The fasciated wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
Boucard's wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to Mexico.
The gray-barred wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to Mexico.
The fulvous wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The Mérida wren, or paramo wren, is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to Venezuela.
The black-throated wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama.
The moustached wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.
The grey wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to the southwestern part of Amazonas state in Brazil. This small, poorly known wren somewhat resembles a house wren, but its upperparts are gray.
The spot-breasted wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua.
The whiskered wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.
The riverside wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.
The superciliated wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The stripe-breasted wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama.
The mountain wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in the Andes of northwestern Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and western Venezuela.
The brown-chested barbet, also called cinnamon-breasted barbet, is a species of bird in the family Capitonidae, the New World barbets. It is endemic to Brazil's central Amazon Basin.
The cactus wren is a species of wren endemic to the deserts of the southwestern United States and northern and central Mexico. It is the state bird of Arizona, and the largest wren in the United States. Its plumage is brown, with black and white spots as markings. It has a distinctive white eyebrow that sweeps to the nape of the neck. The chest is white, whereas the underparts are cinnamon-buff colored. Both sexes appear similar. The tail, as well as flight feathers, are barred in black and white. Their song is a loud raspy chirrup; akin in the description of some ornithologists to the sound of a car engine that will not start. It is well-adapted to its native desert environment, and the birds can meet their water needs from their diet which consists chiefly of insects, but also of some plant matter. The cactus wren is a poor flier and generally forages for food on the ground. Ornithologists generally recognize seven subspecies, with the exact taxonomy under dispute.
Sclater's wren is a songbird of the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to Mexico.
The canebrake wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama.
The Veracruz wren is a songbird of the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to Mexico.
