State park

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Niagara Falls State Park, New York, US Niagara Falls 2009.jpg
Niagara Falls State Park, New York, US
American bison in Custer State Park, South Dakota, US Adult bison and calf, Custer State Park, South Dakota (2009-08-25).jpg
American bison in Custer State Park, South Dakota, US
Bodie State Historical Park, California, US Bodie Ghost Town Storm.jpg
Bodie State Historical Park, California, US
Babcock State Park, West Virginia, US West-virginia-autumn-grist-mill-fall-foliage.jpg
Babcock State Park, West Virginia, US
An example of New Deal developments in U.S. state parks: Bunker Tower, Cheaha State Park, Alabama, US Alabama4.jpg
An example of New Deal developments in U.S. state parks: Bunker Tower, Cheaha State Park, Alabama, US
Mount Worth State Park. Victoria, Australia Mount Worth National Park02.jpg
Mount Worth State Park. Victoria, Australia
Old Man's Cave in Hocking Hills State Park, Ohio, US Hocking Hills State Park.jpg
Old Man's Cave in Hocking Hills State Park, Ohio, US

State parks are parks or other protected areas managed at the sub-national level within those nations which use "state" as a political subdivision. State parks are typically established by a state to preserve a location on account of its natural beauty, historic interest, or recreational potential. There are state parks under the administration of the government of each U.S. state, some of the Mexican states, and in Brazil. The term is also used in the Australian states of Victoria and New South Wales. [1] The equivalent term used in Canada, Argentina, South Africa, and Belgium, is provincial park. Similar systems of local government maintained parks exist in other countries, but the terminology varies.

Contents

State parks are thus similar to national parks, but under state rather than federal administration. Similarly, local government entities below state level may maintain parks, e.g., regional parks or county parks. In general, state parks are smaller than national parks, with a few exceptions such as the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park in California, and Wood-Tikchik State Park in Alaska, the largest state park in the United States.

State parks by country

United States

There are 6,792 state park units in the United States, according to the National Association of State Park Directors (NASPD). [2] There are some 813 million annual visits to the country's state parks. [2] The NASPD further counts over 43,000 miles (69,000 km) of trail, 217,367 campsites, and 8,277 cabins and lodges across U.S. state parks. [2] The largest state park system in the United States is Alaska State Parks, with over 100 sites encompassing 3.3 million acres. [3]

Many states include designations beyond "state park" in their state parks systems. Other designations might be state recreation areas, state beaches, and state nature reserves. Some state park systems include long-distance trails and historic sites. To encourage tourism in rural areas, several states have simple lodges, inns, hotels, or motels (usually with a restaurant) for lodging at some parks. These typically use "Resort" in the name, such as "_____ Resort State Park" in West Virginia state parks and "_____ State Resort Park" in neighboring Kentucky state parks, which has 17 such resort parks, the most of any state. Other states use the Resort name inconsistently (like DeGray Lake Resort State Park, the only one out of three resorts in Arkansas state parks), or have only one such park (South Carolina state parks' Hickory Knob State Resort Park), or do not use the designation at all (such as the lodges of Georgia state parks). The term "lodge" may also refer to a hiking lodge, essentially a large cabin for hikers rather than a large facility with private rooms and a restaurant. Other lodging may include yurts and tipis.

Not all parks owned by a state are necessarily part of its state-park system, such as Stone Mountain Park near Atlanta. Some Texas state parks are a land lease from the U.S. government, while Mackinac National Park was handed down to become the first of the Michigan state parks. As with national parks, facilities at state parks are often leased to concessionaires to operate. Breaks Interstate Park is operated under an interstate compact by Virginia state parks, although it is also one of the Kentucky state parks, straddling both sides of the state line. Other multi-state parks are legally two separate parks with the same name and more informal cooperation between them.

History

The title of oldest state park in the United States is claimed by Niagara Falls State Park in New York, established in 1885. [4] [5] Several public parks previously or currently maintained at the state level pre-date it. [6] Indian Springs State Park has been operated continuously by the state of Georgia as a public park since 1825, although it did not gain the title "State Park" until 1931. [7] In 1864 Yosemite Valley and Mariposa Grove were ceded by the federal government to California [6] until Yosemite National Park was proclaimed in 1890. [8] In 1878 Wisconsin set aside a vast swath of its northern forests as "The State Park" but, needing money, sold most of it to lumber companies within 20 years. [9] Mackinac National Park was established in 1875 as the second U.S. national park before being converted to a state park in 1895. The first state park with the designation of "state park" was Itasca State Park in Minnesota, established in 1891. [10]

Many state park systems date to the 1930s, when around 800 state parks (and several national ones) across the country were developed with assistance from federal job-creation programs like the Civilian Conservation Corps and Works Progress Administration. [11]

Brazil

See also

Denali State Park, Alaska Denalibeyersflatcalm.JPG
Denali State Park, Alaska

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Park Service</span> United States federal agency

The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government, within the U.S. Department of the Interior. The service manages all national parks; most national monuments; and other natural, historical, and recreational properties, with various title designations. The United States Congress created the agency on August 25, 1916, through the National Park Service Organic Act. Its headquarters are in Washington, D.C., within the main headquarters of the Department of the Interior.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Woodlawn Beach State Park</span> State park in Erie County, New York

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Whirlpool State Park</span> State park in Niagara County, New York

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Fort Niagara State Park is located in the Town of Porter in Niagara County, New York, United States. Historic Fort Niagara is located within the park. The 504-acre (2.04 km2) park is northwest of Youngstown near the northern terminus of the Niagara Scenic Parkway and is in the Niagara Falls National Heritage Area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Niagara Falls State Park</span> State park in New York, United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Devil's Hole State Park</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joseph Davis State Park</span> State park in Niagara County, New York

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protected areas of the United States</span> Legally protected land, eg national parks

The protected areas of the United States are managed by an array of different federal, state, tribal and local level authorities and receive widely varying levels of protection. Some areas are managed as wilderness, while others are operated with acceptable commercial exploitation. As of 2022, the 42,826 protected areas covered 1,235,486 km2 (477,024 sq mi), or 13 percent of the land area of the United States. This is also one-tenth of the protected land area of the world. The U.S. also had a total of 871 National Marine Protected Areas, covering an additional 1,240,000 sq mi (3,200,000 km2), or 26 percent of the total marine area of the United States.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation</span> New York state agency that operates state parks and historic sites

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Wilderness Preservation System</span> Protection of wilderness areas in the U.S.

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Gilbert Lake State Park is a 1,584-acre (6.41 km2) state park in Otsego County, New York, United States. Most of the park is in the Town of New Lisbon, in the foothills of the Catskill Mountains east of the community of New Lisbon and north of Oneonta. Gilbert Lake and Lake of the Twin Fawns are located within the park.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cuivre River State Park</span> State park in Missouri, United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the National Park Service</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Strawberry Island (New York)</span>

Strawberry Island is an uninhabited island in the Niagara River located in Erie County, New York, southeast of Grand Island. The five-acre (2 ha) island is owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation and is managed as a fish and wildlife preserve.

References

  1. "Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD) - Terrestrial Protected Areas in Australia by Type (2014) (refer "TYPE" tab)". Department of the Environment (DoE). Retrieved April 16, 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 "Get to know America's State Parks". National Association of State Park Directors. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  3. Alaska State Parks
  4. Niagara Frontier State Parks & Recreation Commission. "The Niagara Reservation - A Historical Perspective". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic Preservation. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
  5. "Niagara Falls State Park". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic Preservation. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  6. 1 2 Edmondson, Brad (2001). "Publication #72 - Environmental Affairs in New York State: A Historical Overview" (PDF). New York State Archives. pp. 7–9. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  7. "Indian Springs State Park". Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Archived from the original on March 23, 2009. Retrieved August 7, 2009.
  8. "Yosemite National Park: Stories". National Park Service. January 19, 2011. Retrieved May 20, 2011.
  9. "Wisconsin State Parks through the Years". Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Archived from the original on October 18, 2009. Retrieved May 20, 2011.
  10. General Laws
  11. Don (January 9, 2006). "The monument builders - CCC: The Depression-era corps built roads, parks and bridges, and now people are raising money for a monument to them". Duluth News Tribune. Duluth, Minn.

Further reading