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| Straits of Johor | |
|---|---|
 The strait is located between Singapore and Malaysia | |
| Coordinates | 1°26′48″N103°45′13″E / 1.44667°N 103.75361°E |
| Type | Strait |
| Basin countries | Singapore Malaysia |
The Johor Strait (also known as the Tebrau Strait, Straits of Johor,Selat Johor, Selat Tebrau, and Tebrau Reach, also spelled Johore Strait) is an international strait in Southeast Asia, between Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia.
The strait separates the Malaysian state of Johor on the mainland Malay Peninsula to the north, from Singapore and its islands on the south. It connects to the Strait of Malacca on the west, and the Singapore Strait on the southeast.
The mouth and delta of the Johor River is on its northeast side in Malaysia.
There are currently two bridges crossing the strait. The Johor–Singapore Causeway, known simply as "The Causeway", links Johor Bahru and Woodlands in Singapore. The Malaysia–Singapore Second Link bridge is further west over the strait, links Iskandar Puteri in Malaysia and Tuas in Singapore.
In 2003, Malaysia wanted to build a bridge across the strait to replace the existing causeway, but negotiations with Singapore were not successful. The main reasons cited for the change were:
In August 2003, Malaysia announced that it was going ahead with a plan to build a gently sloping, curved bridge that would join up with Singapore's half of the existing causeway. The plans included a swing bridge for the railway line. [1] However, plans to build the bridge have been called off by Malaysia as of 2006 after Singapore said it was amenable to the bridge if the negotiations include other bilateral matters such as the use of Malaysian airspace by Singapore's air force and the buying of water and sand resources from Malaysia. [2] Malaysia viewed Singapore's proposal as a compromise on its sovereignty. [3]
Other proposed crossings include Johor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System and Kuala Lumpur–Singapore high-speed rail. Both of which would have started construction in 2019, but have since been delayed due to the change of political administration in Malaysia in 2018 and the ongoing efforts to reduce national debts incurred previously under Najib Razak's administration. [4] [5]
Major tributaries which empty into the Strait of Johore include:
In the Malay language, Sungai is the word for river.
Pollution along the Johore Strait is notable. [6]
The area is also a source of environmental contention between Malaysia and Singapore, due to land reclamation projects on both sides of the Causeway. [7] There have been suggestions that the ongoing land reclamation projects may impact the maritime boundary, shipping lanes, and water ecology of the Malaysian side. Environmental Impact Assessments are requested before any reclamation is carried out such as the Forest City project. [8]
Reclamation projects may also endanger the habitat and food source of dugongs, which are native to the strait.
The Johore Strait is the location of two Victoria Cross deeds. The award was for Lieutenant Ian Edward Fraser and Acting Leading Seaman James Joseph Magennis for the sinking of the 9,850-tonne Japanese cruiser Takao on 31 July 1945. [9]
A well known tourist attraction of the Strait of Johore's is Lido Beach, located on the Malaysian side in Johor Bahru. [10] [11] Here, visitors can walk or cycle along the 2 km stretch of the beach. There are numerous restaurants and food stalls.
Johor Bahru, colloquially referred to as JB, is the capital city of the state of Johor, Malaysia and the core city of Johor Bahru District, the second largest district in Malaysia by population. It is located at the southern end of Peninsular Malaysia, along the north bank of the Straits of Johor, opposite the city-state Singapore. The city has a population of 858,118 people within an area of 391.25 km2. Johor Bahru was also the second largest GDP contributor among the first tier cities in Malaysia in 2010, and forms a part of Iskandar Malaysia, the nation's largest special economic zone by investment value.
The Malaysia–Singapore Second Link is a bridge connecting Singapore and Johor, Malaysia. In Singapore, it is officially known as the Tuas Second Link. The bridge was built to reduce the traffic congestion at the Johor–Singapore Causeway and was opened to traffic on 2 January 1998. It was officially opened by Singapore's then Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong with Mahathir Mohamad, who was then Prime Minister of Malaysia. The bridge supports a dual-three lane carriageway linking Kampong Ladang at Tanjung Kupang, Johor to Jalan Ahmad Ibrahim at Tuas, Singapore. The total length of the bridge over water is 1.92 kilometres (1.19 mi). The actual distance between both checkpoints is approximately 6 kilometres (3.7 mi). At Malaysian side, the bridge is connected to the Second Link Expressway E3 also known as Linkedua Expressway, which links from Senai North Interchange Exit 253 at North–South Expressway E2, Senai Airport and Taman Perling, Johor Bahru via its extension known as Johor Bahru Parkway E3. In Singapore, the bridge connects to the Ayer Rajah Expressway.
The Johor Bahru District is a district located in the southern part of Johor, Malaysia. The heavily suburban/suburbanizing district covers an area of 1,063.97 km2 (410.80 sq mi) and has a population of 1.71 million. The district capital is Johor Bahru City and the administrative capital is Iskandar Puteri City. The district borders Pontian District on the west, Kota Tinggi District on the east, Kulai District on the north and Straits of Johor to the south. The urban centres are divided into the cities of Johor Bahru, Iskandar Puteri and Pasir Gudang.
Taman Johor Jaya is a suburb in Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Johor Jaya consists of mainly residential zones, but it also has light industrial and commercial zones.
The Johor–Singapore Causeway is a 1.056-kilometre (0.66 mi) causeway consisting of a combined railway and motorway bridge that links the city of Johor Bahru in Malaysia across the Straits of Johor to the district and town of Woodlands in Singapore. It was the only land connection between the two from 1928 until 1998, when the Tuas Second Link opened.
Iskandar Puteri is a city which functions as the administrative capital of the state of Johor, Malaysia and represents the seat of government of the state of Johor. Situated along the Straits of Johor at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula, it is also the southernmost city in Peninsular Malaysia.
The Federal Route 1 is the first federal road in Malaysia, the oldest federal road in Malaysia, and among the nation's earliest public roadways ever constructed. The Federal Route 1 was the backbone of the road system in the western states of Peninsular Malaysia before being supplanted by the North–South Expressway.
Johor Bahru–Kota Tinggi Highway (Malay: Lebuhraya Johor Bahru–Kota Tinggi), Federal Route 3, also known as Tebrau Highway (Jalan Tebrau) and Jalan Kota Tinggi is a highway that encompasses Federal Route 3 in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Part of Asian Highway Route AH18, the highway stretches from its southern end at Jalan Wong Ah Fook and Jalan Tun Abdul Razak in the metropolitan area of Johor Bahru to the northern end at the underpass flyover with North–South Expressway Southern Route and Johor Bahru Eastern Dispersal Link Expressway around Pandan. The stretch of Tebrau Highway after this continues as Jalan Pandan and Jalan Kota Tinggi respectively, beyond Pandan. The highway became the backbone of the Johor Bahru road system linking Pandan to the city centre, and to the Johor–Singapore Causeway, before being surpassed by the Johor Bahru Eastern Dispersal Link Expressway in 2012.
The Malaysia–Singapore border is an international maritime border between the Southeast Asian countries of Malaysia, which lies to the north of the border, and Singapore to the south. The boundary is formed by straight lines between maritime geographical coordinates running along or near the deepest channel of the Straits of Johor.
The Southern Integrated Gateway refers to a complex at Bukit Chagar, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia incorporating the city's main railway station, JB Sentral, and a customs, immigration, and quarantine complex (CIQ), the Sultan Iskandar Building, named after Almarhum Sultan Iskandar ibni Almarhum Sultan Ismail of Johor.
Senai–Desaru Expressway, SDE Senai–Desaru Expressway, is an expressway in Johor, Malaysia. It connects Senai in central Johor to Desaru in eastern Johor. Measuring a total length of 77 km (48 mi), it is the third east–west-oriented expressway in the Iskandar Malaysia area after the Pasir Gudang Highway and the Pontian–Johor Bahru Link of the Second Link Expressway. With a new crossing over the Johor River, when opened on 10 June 2011, the expressway shortened travel time from Senai to Desaru from 2.5 hours to one hour.
Majidee Malay Village is a Malay village located in the city of Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Its population is around 30,000.
Malaysia–Singapore relations refers to the bilateral relations between Malaysia and the Republic of Singapore, after the expulsion of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965. Singapore has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur and a consulate general in Johor Bahru, while Malaysia has a high commission in Singapore. Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations and ASEAN.
The Malaysia–Singapore Third Crossing, is a proposed bridge connecting either Punggol, Pasir Ris or Changi in Singapore and Pasir Gudang in Johor, Malaysia according to the master plan by Iskandar Malaysia. Pasir Gudang will be the third city in the Greater Johor Bahru region after Johor Bahru and Iskandar Puteri to have a direct link with Singapore.
Iskandar Malaysia, formerly known as Iskandar Development Region (IDR; Malay: Wilayah Pembangunan Iskandar) and South Johor Economic Region (SJER), is the main southern development corridor in Johor, Malaysia. It was established on 8 November 2006. Iskandar Malaysia, which is formed by major cities such as Johor Bahru, Iskandar Puteri and Pasir Gudang, also lies within the original Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore growth triangle, along with Singapore and Riau, Indonesia.
Johor, also spelled as Johore, is a state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula. Johor has land borders with the Malaysian states of Pahang and Malacca to the north and Negeri Sembilan to the northwest. Johor shares maritime borders with Singapore to the south and Indonesia to both the west and east. As of 2020, the state's population is 4.01 million, making it the second most populous state in Malaysia. Johor Bahru is the capital city and the economic centre of the state, Kota Iskandar is the seat of the state government and Muar serves as the royal capital of the state. Johor Lama served as the old state capital during the period of the Johor Sultanate.
Johor Bahru Sentral is an integrated transport hub in Bukit Chagar, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
The Malaysian Expressway System is a network of national controlled-access expressways in Malaysia that forms the primary backbone network of Malaysian national highways. The network begins with the Tanjung Malim–Slim River tolled road which was opened to traffic on 16 March 1966, later North–South Expressway (NSE), and is being substantially developed. Malaysian expressways are built by private companies under the supervision of the government highway authority, Malaysian Highway Authority.
Orang Seletar are one of the 18 Orang Asli ethnic groups in Malaysia. They are classified under the Proto-Malay people group, which forms the three major people group of the Orang Asli. The Orang Seletar are also considered as part of the Orang Laut, natives of the Straits of Johor; separating Singapore from Peninsula Malaysia.
The Johor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System (RTS) Link is an international cross-border rapid transit system that will connect Malaysia's second largest city, Johor Bahru and Woodlands, Singapore, crossing the Strait of Johor. It will consist of two stations, with the Malaysian terminus at Bukit Chagar station and the Singaporean terminus at Woodlands North station, which also interchanges with Singapore's Thomson–East Coast MRT line.
Media related to Straits of Johor at Wikimedia Commons
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