| Stub-tailed antbird | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Thamnophilidae |
| Genus: | Sipia |
| Species: | S. berlepschi |
| Binomial name | |
| Sipia berlepschi (Hartert, 1898) | |
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| Synonyms | |
Myrmeciza berlepschi | |
The stub-tailed antbird (Sipia berlepschi) is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. [2]
The stub-tailed antbird has a complicated taxonomic history. It was described by the German ornithologist Ernst Hartert in 1898 and given the binomial name Pyriglena berlepschi. The species was named to honor the German ornithologist Hans von Berlepsch. [3] In 1924 it was moved to genus Sipia , and later Sipia was merged into genus Myrmeciza . [4] [5] A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2013 found that genus Myrmeciza, as then defined, was polyphyletic. In the resulting rearrangement to create monophyletic genera, genus Sipia was resurrected, and the stub-tailed antbird and several other species were moved to it. [6] [2] The stub-tailed antbird is monotypic. [2]
The stub-tailed antbird is 13.5 to 14.5 cm (5.3 to 5.7 in) long. Adult males are almost entirely black, with a white patch between their scapulars. Adult females are also mostly black, with white dots on the tips on their wing coverts and white spots on their throat, breast, and upper belly. Those on the belly sometimes have a scaly pattern. Both sexes have a deep red iris. [7] [8] [9]
The stub-tailed antbird is found from central Chocó Department in western Colombia south into northwestern Ecuador's Esmeraldas Province. It is a bird of the Chocó Endemic Bird Area. There it inhabits the understorey of evergreen forest in the wet lowlands and foothills. It favors the forest edge, overgrown openings within the forest, and adjacent mature secondary forest. In elevation it mostly ranges from near sea level to 400 m (1,300 ft) though locally it reaches 650 m (2,100 ft). [7] [8] [9]
The stub-tailed antbird is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range. [7]
The stub-tailed antbird feeds primarily on insects and probably includes other arthropods in its diet. Individuals, pairs, and family groups forage in dense vegetation on the ground and up to about 2 m (7 ft) above it. It seldom joins mixed-species feeding flocks but sometimes attends army ant swarms to capture prey that flees from the ants. [7] [8] [9]
Nothing is known about the stub-tailed antbird's breeding biology. [7]
The stub-tailed antbird's song is "a series of downslurred notes that first drop and then rise in pitch, e.g., 'chi-chu-chu-chu-chew-chéw-chéw-chéw' ". Its calls include "a sharp 'chit' and a 'ch-dit' ". [9]
The IUCN has assessed the stub-tailed antbird as being of Least Concern. Its population size is not known and is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] It is considered uncommon in Colombia and uncommon to locally fairly common in Ecuador. [7] [8] "Most existing Chocó reserves are centred on montane areas, leaving the biologically diverse lowlands and lower foothills relatively unprotected. Establishment of more reserves in this elevational zone is needed." [7]
The white-bellied antbird, is a passerine bird which breeds in the tropical New World from Panama to northern Brazil and in Trinidad. It is also called Swainson's antcatcher after William John Swainson, who first described it scientifically. The genus is monotypic.
The chestnut-backed antbird is a passerine bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.
The pearly antshrike is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The northern chestnut-tailed antbird, or Zimmer's antbird, is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The Yapacana antbird is a species of passerine bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela.
The sooty antbird is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
The grey-headed antbird is a Vulnerable species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The southern chestnut-tailed antbird, or chestnut-tailed antbird, is a species of passerine bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.
The blue-lored antbird is a species of antbird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found at low levels in humid Andean forests in western and northern Colombia, western Venezuela. It formerly included the Zeledon's antbird as a subspecies. The blue-lored antbird feeds on insects, and regularly follows swarms of army ants in order to catch prey flushed by the swarms, but it is not an obligate ant-follower like some species of antbirds. The blue-lored antbird is strongly sexually dichromatic: the male has an entirely black plumage, while the female has a rufous-brown plumage and a black mask. Both sexes have a blue patch of skin around the eyes.
The dull-mantled antbird is a perching bird species in the antbird family (Thamnophilidae).
The white-shouldered antbird is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical swamps.
The Esmeraldas antbird is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
The grey-bellied antbird is a species of passerine bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela.
The squamate antbird is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is endemic to Brazil.
The white-lined antbird is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.
The ocellated antbird is a species of antbird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.
The Magdalena antbird is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
Zeledon's antbird is a species of antbird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found at low levels in humid forests from Nicaragua to Panama, and in the Chocó of western Colombia and western Ecuador. Zeledon's antbird feeds on insects, and regularly follows swarms of army ants in order to catch prey flushed by the swarms, but it is not an obligate ant-follower like some species of antbirds.
Myrmoderus is a genus of passerine birds in the family Thamnophilidae.
Sipia is a genus of passerine birds in the family Thamnophilidae.
