Stylidium armeria

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Stylidium armeria
ICP10 Candollea serrulata.jpg
Illustration of Stylidium armeria (syn. Candollea serrulata) from Ferdinand von Mueller 1892 Iconography of Candolleaceous Plants
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Stylidiaceae
Genus: Stylidium
Subgenus: Stylidium subg. Tolypangium
Section: Stylidium sect. Lineares
Species:
S. armeria
Binomial name
Stylidium armeria
(Labill.) Labill.
Synonyms
  • Candollea armeria Labill.
  • Candollea serrulata Labill.
  • Candollea umbellata Labill.
  • Stylidium armerium (Labill.)  St.-Lag.
  • Stylidium graminifolium f. grandiflorum  Mildbr.
  • Stylidium melastachys  R.Br.
  • Stylidium serrulatum (Labill.)  Rich.
  • Stylidium umbellatum (Labill.) Labill.

Stylidium armeria, the thrift-leaved triggerplant, is a species of Stylidium that is native to Australia. It is an herbaceous perennial that grows from 50 to 100 cm tall. Narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate leaves, about 15–40 mm long, are tufted at the base and are erect to spreading. Inflorescences produce 25–100 dark pink-magenta flowers that bloom August to February in its native range. [1]

Contents

Distribution and habitat

S. armeria is native to New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, and Victoria. Its typical habitat has been reported as "heathland, woodland and open forests of the Otway Ranges through to the snowfields of the Eastern Highlands." [1]

Botanical history and taxonomy

On 8 July 1805, Jacques Labillardière published a species under the name Candollea armeria. The generic name that Labillardière used, Candollea had been previously published as a genus of Polypodiaceae, so Labillardière corrected the mistake by publishing the species as S. armeria in 1806. In 1878, Jean Baptiste Saint-Lager "corrected" the gender agreement of Stylidium armeria to Stylidium armerium. This specific epithet, however, is not an adjective but a noun in apposition, so the suffix should not be changed with different gender generic names. Later, Ferdinand von Mueller insisted on using the illegitimate genus Candollea and shifted the Stylidium species back in the late 19th century. Those moves, however, were not widely adopted. In 2001, Raulings and Ladiges recognized several synonyms. [1]

See also

Related Research Articles

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Stylidium is a genus of dicotyledonous plants that belong to the family Stylidiaceae. The genus name Stylidium is derived from the Greek στύλος or stylos, which refers to the distinctive reproductive structure that its flowers possess. Pollination is achieved through the use of the sensitive "trigger", which comprises the male and female reproductive organs fused into a floral column that snaps forward quickly in response to touch, harmlessly covering the insect in pollen. Most of the approximately 300 species are only found in Australia, making it the fifth largest genus in that country. Triggerplants are considered to be protocarnivorous or carnivorous because the glandular trichomes that cover the scape and flower can trap, kill, and digest small insects with protease enzymes produced by the plant. Recent research has raised questions as to the status of protocarnivory within Stylidium.

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<i>Stylidium graminifolium</i> Species of plant

Stylidium graminifolium, the grass triggerplant, is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus Stylidium. This species used to belong to the Stylidium graminifolium complex, but the name was conserved for this single species when two others were split from the complex and introduced as new species in 2001. S. graminifolium is endemic to Australia and is one of the Stylidium species with the widest distribution throughout Australia. It is a perennial plant with grass-like leaves and is easily cultivated. It has been considered to be a carnivorous or protocarnivorous plant because it possesses glandular trichomes underneath the flowers that can trap and digest prey.

<i>Levenhookia</i>

Levenhookia, also known as the styleworts, is a genus of ten recognized species in the family Stylidiaceae and is endemic to Australia. The genus is restricted to Western Australia almost exclusively with a few exceptions: L. pusilla's range extends into South Australia, L. dubia's range extends through South Australia into Victoria and New South Wales, L. sonderi is native only to Victoria, and L. chippendalei is also found in the Northern Territory.

<i>Adenanthos obovatus</i> A shrub of the plant family Proteaceae endemic to Southwest Australia

Adenanthos obovatus, commonly known as basket flower, or, jugflower, is a shrub of the plant family Proteaceae endemic to Southwest Australia. Described by French naturalist Jacques Labillardière in 1805, it had first been collected by Archibald Menzies in 1791. Within the genus Adenanthos, it lies in the section Eurylaema and is most closely related to A. barbiger. A. obovatus has hybridized with A. detmoldii to produce the hybrid A. × pamela. Several common names allude to the prominent red flowers of the species. It grows as a many-stemmed spreading bush up to 1 m (3.3 ft) high, and about 1.5 m (4.9 ft) across, with fine bright green foliage. Made up of single red flowers, the inflorescences appear from April to December, and peak in spring.

Nelsons taxonomic arrangement of <i>Adenanthos</i> First modern arrangement of the plant genus

Ernest Charles Nelson's taxonomic arrangement of Adenanthos was the first modern-day arrangement of that plant genus. First published in his 1978 Brunonia article "A taxonomic revision of the genus Adenanthos (Proteaceae)", it superseded the arrangement of George Bentham, which had stood for over a hundred years. It was updated by Nelson in his 1995 treatment for the Flora of Australia series of monographs.

<i>Adenanthos cuneatus</i> A shrub of the family Proteaceae native to the south coast of Western Australia.

Adenanthos cuneatus, also known as coastal jugflower, flame bush, bridle bush and sweat bush, is a shrub of the family Proteaceae, native to the south coast of Western Australia. The French naturalist Jacques Labillardière originally described it in 1805. Within the genus Adenanthos, it lies in the section Adenanthos and is most closely related to A. stictus. A. cuneatus has hybridized with four other species of Adenanthos. Growing to 2 m high and wide, it is erect to prostrate in habit, with wedge-shaped lobed leaves covered in fine silvery hair. The single red flowers are insignificant, and appear all year, though especially in late spring. The reddish new growth occurs over the summer.

George Bentham's taxonomic arrangement of Adenanthos was the first comprehensive taxonomic arrangement of that plant genus. It was published in 1870 in his landmark flora of Australia, Flora Australiensis. It would stand for over a hundred years before being superseded by the 1978 arrangement of Ernest Charles Nelson.

<i>Hibbertia cuneiformis</i>

Hibbertia cuneiformis, commonly known as cut-leaf hibbertia, is a shrub species that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It grows to between 1 and 2 metres tall and has yellow flowers which appear from January to March and June to November in the species' native range.

<i>Stylidium glaucum</i>

Stylidium glaucum, the grey triggerplant, is a herbaceous plant found along the southern coast of Southwest Australia, West of Albany. The plant attains a height between 0.15 and 0.65 metres. The leaves are lanceolate in form, becoming pointed at the base, and moderately acute at the tip. These are between 20 and 70 millimetres in length and 2 to 9 millimetres in width, are hairless, and have an entire margin. The trivial name of the species, glaucum, refers to the greyish colour of the leaves. The scape is hairless, supporting a racemose arrangement of white or pink flowers that appear from January to May.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Raulings, EJ and Ladiges, PY. (2001). Morphological variation and speciation in Stylidium graminifolium (Stylidiaceae), description of S. montanum and reinstatement of S. armeria. Australian Systematic Botany, 14: 901–935.