| Sulphur-bellied tyrannulet | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tyrannidae |
| Genus: | Mecocerculus |
| Species: | M. minor |
| Binomial name | |
| Mecocerculus minor (Taczanowski, 1879) | |
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The sulphur-bellied tyrannulet (Mecocerculus minor) is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. [2]
The sulphur-bellied tyrannulet is 11 to 12 cm (4.3 to 4.7 in) long and weighs about 11 g (0.39 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a medium gray crown. They have a thin white supercilium and a blackish stripe through the eye on an otherwise grayish white face. Their upperparts are dark olive. Their wings are dark dusky with wide buff edges on the flight feathers. Their wing coverts have wide buffy tips that show as two bars on the closed wing. Their tail is dusky olive with buffy-tinged edges on the feathers. Their upper throat is white, their lower throat and breast deep yellow with a darker olive wash, and their belly and undertail coverts unmarked bright yellow. Both sexes have a brown iris, a thin, pointed, black bill with a pale base to the mandible, and medium gray legs and feet. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [ excessive citations ]
The sulphur-bellied tyrannulet is found primarily on the east slope of the Andes from central Colombia through Ecuador and into Peru as far as Huánuco Department, though it is patchily distributed along the chain. There are also a few scattered records in western Venezuela's Táchira state and on the west side of the Andes in northern Ecuador. It inhabits humid montane forest in the subtropical and temperate zones. It favors secondary forest, forest edges, patchy cloudforest, and clearings with scattered trees rather than unbroken mature forest. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [ excessive citations ]
The sulphur-bellied tyrannulet is a year-round resident throughout its range. [3]
The sulphur-bellied tyrannulet feeds mostly on insects and also includes small fruits in its diet. It usually forages singly or in pairs and often joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It forages mostly at the outer edges of trees, though it also forages lower at forest edges. It takes most of its food by gleaning from leaves and twigs while perched and also makes short upward flights to briefly hover. [3] [4] [5] [7] [ excessive citations ]
Juvenile sulphur-bellied tyrannulets have been seen in July in Ecuador and between August and November in Peru. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology. [3]
The sulphur-breasted tyrannulet's calls include "a sharp and fast 'chew-chew-chew' " that sometimes coninues with more notes and "a squeakier, more nasal 'skwi-skwe-skwu-skwu' ". [5]
The IUCN has assessed the sulphur-bellied tyrannulet as being of Least Concern. It has a large range; its population size is not known and is believed to be increasing. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] It is considered locally common in Colombia, uncommon to fairly common in Peru, and rare in Venezuela. [4] [6] [7] It occurs in several protected areas along the Andes. It "[s]eems to favour edge habitats; may be expanding range and becoming more common as a consequence of forest clearance by humans". [3]
The southern beardless tyrannulet is a small passerine bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Costa Rica, Panama, in every mainland South American country except Chile, and on Trinidad.
The yellow tyrannulet is a small passerine bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, and in every mainland South American country except Chile and Uruguay.
The mottle-backed elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The sierran elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The slaty elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela, and as a vagrant in Ecuador and on Trinidad.
The rufous-winged tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The buff-banded tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru.
The white-throated tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The white-tailed tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The white-banded tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The foothill elaenia is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The brown-capped tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela and reported for the first time in Nicaragua in 2011.
The white-lored tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The ashy-headed tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The sooty-headed tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The plumbeous-crowned tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The tawny-rumped tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, and possibly Argentina.
The yellow-crowned tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Costa Rica, Panama, and in every mainland South American country except Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
The Yungas tyrannulet is a Vulnerable species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The white-fronted tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
