Superagüi National Park | |
---|---|
Parque Nacional de Superagüi | |
IUCN category II (national park) | |
Atlantic forest | |
Coordinates | 25°19′59″S48°10′01″W / 25.333°S 48.167°W Coordinates: 25°19′59″S48°10′01″W / 25.333°S 48.167°W |
Designation | National park |
Created | 1998 |
Administrator | ICMBio |
Superagüi National Park (Portuguese : Parque Nacional de Superagüi) is a national park on the coast of the state of Paraná, Brazil. [1]
Portuguese is a Western Romance language originating in the Iberian Peninsula. It is the sole official language of Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Angola, and São Tomé and Príncipe. It also has co-official language status in East Timor, Equatorial Guinea and Macau in China. As the result of expansion during colonial times, a cultural presence of Portuguese and Portuguese creole speakers are also found in Goa, Daman and Diu in India; in Batticaloa on the east coast of Sri Lanka; in the Indonesian island of Flores; in the Malacca state of Malaysia; and the ABC islands in the Caribbean where Papiamento is spoken, while Cape Verdean Creole is the most widely spoken Portuguese-based Creole. A Portuguese-speaking person or nation may be referred to as "Lusophone" in both English and Portuguese.
National Parks are a legally-defined type of protected area of Brazil. The first parks were created in the 1930s, and other parks were gradually added, typically protecting a natural monument such as a waterfall or gorge near to a coastal population centre. At least two early parks were later submerged by hydroelectric reservoirs. The first park in the Amazon rainforest was inaugurated in 1974. Today the national parks cover a huge area, particularly in the Amazon. However, many of them suffer from outstanding claims for compensation from former owners or users of the land, and many lack the management plans, physical infrastructure and personnel needed to support public visits. The responsible government agency does not have the capacity to provide services such as food and drink, souvenir sales and guided tours, and bureaucracy has delayed letting the private sector bid on providing such services.
Paraná is one of the 26 states of Brazil, in the south of the country, bordered on the north by São Paulo state, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Santa Catarina state and the province of Misiones, Argentina, and on the west by Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraguay, with the Paraná River as its western boundary line.
Created in 1998, the park has a total area of 34,000 hectares (84,000 acres), it comprises Superagüi Island, Peças Island, Pinheiro and Pinheirinho Islands, along with the Rio dos Patos Valley and the Varadouro Channel, which separates the island from the mainland.
Superagüi National Park was declared a Biosphere Reservation by UNESCO in 1991. In 1999, the park was declared a World Heritage Site. The park has bays, deserted beaches, sandbanks, estuaries, mangroves and abundant Atlantic Forest formations. The park is the primary habitat of the critically endangered Superagui Lion Tamarin, and hosts many other fauna and flora characteristic of the Serra do Mar subregion of the Atlantic Forest.
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area which is selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance, and is legally protected by international treaties. The sites are judged important to the collective interests of humanity.
The Serra do Mar coastal forests is an ecoregion of the tropical moist forests biome, and of the South American Atlantic Forest biome.
The Atlantic Forest is a South American forest that extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the north to Rio Grande do Sul state in the south, and inland as far as Paraguay and the Misiones Province of Argentina, where the region is known as Selva Misionera.
The conservation unit is part of the Lagamar Mosaic. [2]
The Lagamar Mosaic (Portuguese: Mosaico do Lagamar is a protected area mosaic that includes a number of conservation units in the states of São Paulo and Paraná, Brazil.
Evidence indicates that the area has been occupied by fishermen since time immemorial. Prior to the arrival of Europeans it was inhabited by Carijós and Tupiniquins Indians. The Portuguese settled in the area from 1500 on, did not build cities.
The history of Brazil starts with indigenous people in Brazil. Europeans arrived in Brazil at the opening of the 16th century. The first European to colonize what is now the Federative Republic of Brazil on the continent of South America was Pedro Álvares Cabral (c.1467/1468-c.1520) on April 22, 1500 under the sponsorship of the Kingdom of Portugal. From the 16th to the early 19th century, Brazil was a colony and a part of the Portuguese Empire. The country expanded south along the coast and west along the Amazon and other inland rivers from the original 15 donatary captaincy colonies established on the northeast Atlantic coast east of the Tordesillas Line of 1494 that divided the Portuguese domain to the east from the Spanish domain to the west. The country's borders were only finalized in the early 20th century.
In 1852, the Swiss consul in Rio de Janeiro, Perret Gentil, founded Supeargüi Island, one of the first European colonies in the state of Paraná, however, the colony didn't grow, and today the few villages that are within the park have only a few inhabitants, fishermen heirs of the 15 families brought by the consul to live in Superagui Island.
Saint-Hilaire/Lange National Park is a national park in Paraná, Brazil.
Guaraqueçaba Ecological Station is an ecological station in the municipality of Guaraqueçaba, Paraná, Brazil.
Tupiniquins Ecological Station is a coastal marine ecological station on the coast of São Paulo State, Brazil.
Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe Environmental Protection Area is a protected area in the State of São Paulo, Brazil.
Guaraqueçaba Environmental Protection Area is a protected area in the State of Paraná, Brazil. It includes Atlantic Forest, mangrove, salt marsh and estuarine environments in an area with a relatively low human population.
The Jacupiranga State Park was a state park in São Paulo, Brazil. It covered a large, mountainous region that included untouched Atlantic Forest and land occupied by traditional communities. When the park was created in 1969 the residents could no longer legally practice sustainable farming and extraction of forest resources, leading to land use conflicts, which mounted as the BR-116 highway opened the park to squatters from elsewhere. Eventually, in 2008 the park was combined with surrounding territory and broken up into three smaller state parks and various other units in which sustainable development was allowed.
The Ilha do Ameixal Area of Relevant Ecological Interest is an area of relevant ecological interest in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.
The Mandira Extractive Reserve is an extractive reserve in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It covers an area of mangroves. The main commercial product extracted by the traditional population is the oyster.
The Boguaçu State Park is a state park in the state of Paraná, Brazil.
The Ilha do Mel State Park is a state park in the state of Paraná, Brazil, located in the municipality of Paranaguá. It is a very small island, with a lot of fauna and flora, due to its small index of urbanization. It has 25 kilometers of beautiful beaches, and the population of the Island is distributed among some small villages: Encantadas, Nova Brasilia, Farol, Praia Grande and Fortaleza.
The Ilha do Mel Ecological Station is an ecological station in the state of Paraná, Brazil.
The Sebuí Private Natural Heritage Reserve is a private natural heritage reserve in the state of Paraná, Brazil.
The Graciosa State Park is a state park in the state of Paraná, Brazil. It protects an area of dense rainforest in the Atlantic Forest biome.
The Roberto Ribas Lange State Park is a State park in the state of Paraná, Brazil. It protects an area holding remnants of Atlantic Forest.
The Rio da Onça State Park is a State park in the state of Paraná, Brazil.
The Restinga Municipal Nature Park is a municipal nature park in the state of Paraná, Brazil. It was created to protect a strip of coastal vegetation, but little has been done to implement the park.
The Guaratuba Environmental Protection Area is an environmental protection area in the state of Paraná, Brazil.
The Pico Paraná State Park is a state park in the state of Paraná, Brazil. It protects a well-preserved area of Atlantic Forest, and contains a massif that includes the highest peak in the south of Brazil. The environment is strictly protected, but visitors in good physical condition may climb the massif.
The Pau Oco State Park is a state park in the state of Paraná, Brazil. It protects an area of Atlantic Forest. The main attraction is the Salto da Fortuna, a waterfall.