The Symphony No. 38 in C major, Hoboken I/38, is an early and festive symphony [1] by Joseph Haydn. The symphony was composed some time between 1765 and 1769. Because of the virtuosic oboe parts in the final two movements, it has been suggested that the work's composition may have coincided with the employ of the oboist Vittorino Colombazzo in the fall of 1768. [2] The symphony is popularly called the Echo Symphony, a nickname that, like all other named Haydn symphonies, did not originate with the composer.
It is typically referred to as the "Echo" Symphony because of the use of mimicry motif (or echo) in the cadential phrasing of the second movement. The echo effect is created by scoring the leading line for unmuted first violins and the response from muted second violins. [3]
This innovation in scoring expands upon an earlier common baroque practice of cadential phrase-repetition.
The work is scored for two oboes, bassoon, two horns, trumpets, timpani and strings with continuo. [4] There are four movements:
The "Echo" slow movement is scored for strings only.
The trio of the minuet contains a virtuosic solo oboe part that spans the entire range of the instrument and contains leaps of almost two octaves. [2]
The finale is another showpiece for the solo oboe which includes virtuosic display, notes held fermata and a spot for a cadenza. It is not in typical concerto form, but is a mixture between concerto and sonata forms. [2]
It has been suggested that the first two movements were composed before Haydn knew of the engagement with the soloist Colombazzo as they have a completely different character than the two oboe-centric movements that round up the work. [2]
Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 13 in D major was written in 1763 for the orchestra of Haydn's patron, Prince Nikolaus Esterházy, in Eisenstadt.
Symphony No. 76 in E♭ major is a symphony by Joseph Haydn completed in 1782.
Symphony No. 67 in F major, Hoboken I/67, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. It was composed by 1779. The Haydn scholar H. C. Robbins Landon calls this work "one of the most boldly original symphonies of this period."
The Symphony No. 55 in E♭ major, Hoboken I/55, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn, composed by 1774. It is scored for 2 oboes, bassoon, 2 horns and strings. It is in four movements:
Joseph Haydn wrote his Symphony No. 8 in G major under the employ of Prince Paul II Anton Esterházy in Spring 1761, in the transition between the Baroque and Classical periods. It is the third part of a set of three symphonies that Prince Anton had commissioned him to write – Le matin, Le midi and Le soir. He had given him as inspiration the three times of Day.
Symphony No. 50 in C major, Hoboken I/50, by Joseph Haydn was written partly in 1773 and partly in 1774.
Symphony No. 43 in E♭ major, Hoboken I/43, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. Since the nineteenth century it has been referred to by the subtitle "Mercury". The source of the "Mercury" nickname remains unknown according to Matthew Rye. It could refer to its use as incidental music from some play or other given at Eszterháza, or it may not have appeared until the nineteenth century. It would certainly be wrong to impose any programmatic elements on to the abstract musical drama and search for a portrait of the gods’ winged messenger.
The Symphony No. 41 in C major, Hoboken I/41, is a festive symphony by Joseph Haydn. The symphony was composed by 1769. It is scored for flute, two oboes, bassoon, two horns, two trumpets, timpani and strings.
The Symphony No. 30 in C major, Hoboken I/30, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn composed in 1765, at the age of 33. It is nicknamed the Alleluia Symphony because of Haydn's use of a Gregorian Alleluia chant in the opening movement.
The Symphony No. 32 in C major is a festive symphony by Joseph Haydn. The exact date of composition is unknown. It has been suggested by noted Haydn scholar H.C. Robbins Landon that it could have been written as early as 1757 and as late as 1763. More recent scholars have suggested it was composed in either 1760 or 1761
The Symphony No. 33 in C major is a festive symphony by Joseph Haydn. The precise date of composition is unknown. Haydn scholar H.C. Robbins Landon has dated this work to 1763–65. It has also been suggested that it was written in 1760 or 1761, along with Symphony no. 32.
Joseph Haydn wrote Symphony No. 24 in D major, Hoboken I/24, in 1764.
Joseph Haydn wrote Symphony No. 23 in G major, Hoboken I/23, in 1764.
The Symphony No. 25 in C major, Hoboken I/25, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn.The symphony was most likely composed in 1763, or at the very earliest in 1761, at about the same time as No. 33.
The Symphony No. 7 in C major, Hoboken I/7, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn, sometimes called "Le midi", meaning "The Noon."
The Symphony No. 20 in C major is a festive symphony by Joseph Haydn. Hodgson places the composition date in either 1761 or 1762 while Brown states that it was likely composed before 1761. Calvin Stapert affirmatively states that it was composed in the group of 15 symphonies within Haydn's tenure with Count Morzin. And is festive, like C major Symphonies 32, 33, and 37. It is scored for 2 oboes, bassoon, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, strings and continuo. The symphony is in four movements:
Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 28 in A major, Hoboken I/28, was written in 1765.
Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 29 in E major, Hoboken I/29, was written in 1765, just after his 28th, and to be performed in Eisenstadt, under the benign auspices of Prince Nikolaus Esterházy.
Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 14 in A major, Hoboken I/14, may have been written between 1761 and 1763.
The Symphony No. 9 in C major, Hoboken I/9, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. The symphony was composed in 1762, under the auspices of Nikolaus Esterházy, who allowed the symphony to be performed in Eisenstadt.