The Symphony No. 64 in A major (Hoboken I/64) is a symphony by Joseph Haydn dated between 1773 and 1775. The likely date of composition puts it at the tail end of the Sturm und Drang period that produced masterpieces such as symphonies 44 to 48. It is often known by the nickname Tempora mutantur.
The nickname is Haydn's own. On the orchestra parts prepared for this symphony at Esterházy, he placed the heading "Tempora mutantur, et.". The full version of this quote is Tempora mutantur, nos et mutamur in illis, and it is a traditional Latin adage.
Haydn likely knew this in the form
Tempora mutantur, nos et mutamur in illis.
Quomodo? Fit semper tempore peior homo.
which translates to
The times change, and we change with them.
How? Time passing makes mankind worse.
by John Owen, from his popular collection of Epigrammata published in 1615. [1]
The symphony is scored for two oboes, two horns and strings. There are four movements:
The opening of the first movement begins with two lyrical measures played pianissimo followed by a tutti outburst of four chords which is the reverse-order of the declamatory question/lyrical answer openings that Haydn had used in recent symphonies such as numbers 44, 46 and 65. A wealth of transitional material follows before the second theme arrives in the dominant, colorfully scored for violins and violas played in octaves. [2] High horn parts add brilliant color throughout the movement.
The Largo as so often in this period has muted strings. Its broad melody is punctuated by frequent short pauses, demonstrating an understated pleading and yearning quality which is so typical of Haydn. We are tricked into thinking the movement is for strings alone until the wind instruments interject powerfully half way through. [1] The end of the movement is particularly effective with the first horn right at the bottom of its register and the second horn taking the melody from the violins. The mood changes to light and cheerful for the minuet and trio, while the final Presto is in the form of a Rondo.
Elaine Sisman has discussed Haydn's application of the principle of tempora mutantur, or "time out of joint", in the slow movement of the symphony. [3]
Symphony No. 22 in E♭ major, Hoboken I/22, is a symphony written by Joseph Haydn in 1764, under the auspices of the benign Prince Nikolaus Esterházy. Its nickname is "The Philosopher".
The Symphony No. 59 in A major is a relatively early work by Joseph Haydn that is known popularly as the Fire Symphony. Composed under the auspices of Nikolaus Esterházy, it was written in the middle or late 1760s.
The Symphony No. 26 in D minor, Hoboken 1/26, is one of the early Sturm und Drang Symphonies written by Joseph Haydn. It is popularly known as the Lamentatione. It was written under the auspices of Prince Nikolaus Esterházy, and is from the late 1760s, when Haydn began to experiment with minor key symphonic writing. It is also one of his first minor key symphonies.
The Symphony No. 49 in F minor was written in 1768 by Joseph Haydn during his Sturm und Drang period. It is popularly known as La passione. The scoring of the symphony is typical of Haydn in this period: two oboes, bassoon, two horns, and strings.
Symphony No. 83 in G minor, Hoboken I/83, is the second of the six Paris Symphonies written by Joseph Haydn in 1785. It was published by Artaria in Vienna in December 1787. It is popularly known as The Hen.
The Symphony No. 80 in D minor, Hoboken 1/80, is a symphony composed by Joseph Haydn in 1784 as part of a trio of symphonies that also included symphonies 79 and 81. This symphony, along with the one that follows it, and the one that precedes it, were not written for Prince Nikolaus, but for a Lenten concert performed in Vienna in March 1785. It is one of the relatively few later symphonies by Haydn to begin in the minor mode. Symphony No 80 is highly structured with both outer movements in sonata form. There is a common modulation pattern seen in all four movements.
The Symphony No. 75 in D major is a symphony composed by Joseph Haydn between 1779 and 1781.
The Symphony No. 60 in C major, Hoboken I/60, was written by Joseph Haydn. It is sometimes given the nickname Il Distratto or, in German, Der Zerstreute.
The Symphony No. 68 in B flat major, Hoboken I/68, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. The symphony was composed in 1779 for Nikolaus I, Prince Esterházy. It is chronologically the last symphony by Haydn where the Minuet is second out of the four movements.
Symphony No. 67 in F major, Hoboken I/67, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. It was composed by 1779. The Haydn scholar H. C. Robbins Landon calls this work "one of the most boldly original symphonies of this period."
Symphony No. 65 in A major, Hoboken I/65, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn which was composed by 1778.
The Symphony No. 54 in G major, Hoboken I/54, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn, composed in 1774.
Joseph Haydn wrote his Symphony No. 8 in G major under the employ of Prince Paul II Anton Esterházy in Spring 1761, in the transition between the Baroque and Classical periods. It is the third part of a set of three symphonies that Prince Anton had commissioned him to write – Le matin, Le midi and Le soir. He had given him as inspiration the three times of Day.
The Symphony No. 34 in D minor was written by Joseph Haydn. According to traditional chronology it was written in 1765, shortly before Haydn's Sturm und Drang period began in 1766, during his social withdrawal at Esterháza. However, more recent chronologies place it two years earlier, in 1763, which if correct would suggest that it is the first minor-key symphony Haydn ever wrote, though there is some uncertainty around chronology, with Symphony No. 26 being the traditional candidate, and Symphony No. 39 another candidate.
The Symphony No. 20 in C major is a festive symphony by Joseph Haydn. Hodgson places the composition date in either 1761 or 1762 while Brown states that it was likely composed before 1761. Calvin Stapert affirmatively states that it was composed in the group of 15 symphonies within Haydn's tenure with Count Morzin. And is festive, like C major Symphonies 32, 33, and 37. It is scored for 2 oboes, bassoon, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, strings and continuo. The symphony is in four movements:
Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 29 in E major, Hoboken I/29, was written in 1765, just after his 28th, and to be performed in Eisenstadt, under the benign auspices of Prince Nikolaus Esterházy.
Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 15 in D major, Hoboken I/15, may have been written between 1760 and 1763.
Tempora mutantur is a Latin adage that refers to the changes brought about by the passage of time. It also appears in various longer hexametric forms, most commonly Tempora mutantur, nos et mutamur in illis, meaning "Times are changed; we also are changed with them". This hexameter is not found in Classical Latin, but is a variant of phrases of Ovid, to whom it is sometimes mis-attributed. In fact, it dates to 16th-century Germany, the time of the Protestant Reformation, and it subsequently was popularised in various forms.
Joseph Haydn wrote as many as 123 trios for the unusual combination of baryton, viola and cello, and three further trios for baryton, cello and violin are considered part of the series. As Sisman notes, they are the “most intensively cultivated genre” of Haydn’s early career.
Haydn Symphonies is an album recorded by the Oregon Symphony under the direction of Carlos Kalmar, released by Pentatone on April 7, 2017. The albums was recorded at Portland, Oregon's Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall in 2013, and features three symphonies by Joseph Haydn: Symphony No. 53 in D Major, Symphony No. 64 in A Major, and Symphony No. 96 in D Major.
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