Symphony No. 81 (Haydn)

Last updated
Portrait of Haydn by Thomas Hardy. Haydn portrait by Thomas Hardy (small).jpg
Portrait of Haydn by Thomas Hardy.

Symphony No. 81 in G major (Hoboken I/81) is a symphony by Joseph Haydn composed in 1784 as part of a trio of symphonies that also included symphonies 79 and 80.These three symphonies were specially written for performance in March 1785. [1]

Contents

Movements

The symphony is scored for flute, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns and strings.

  1. Vivace
  2. Andante, 6
    8
  3. Menuetto and trio: Allegretto, 3
    4
  4. Finale: Allegro ma non troppo, 2
    2

In the first and third movements, Haydn explores "ambiguities of tonality ... which eventually reach their peak of subtlety" in the first movement of Symphony No. 94. [2] The first movement begins "with an unusual and exciting pedal point ... [and] uses a subsidiary subject that appears like a cordial greeting to the newly won friend Mozart." [3] The pedals and dissonances point to Mozart's K. 465. [4]

The second movement is a siciliano theme with three variations. [5] The variations are for the most part strophic and straightforward with the exception of a minor-key interlude in the center of the movement between the first and second variations. The final variation contains the fullest orchestration with pizzicato accompaniment and serves to recapitulate the movement. [6]

Notes

  1. H. C. Robbins Landon, Haydn: Chronicle and Works, 5 vols, (Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press, 1976– ) v. 2: "Haydn at Eszterhaza, 1766–1790", [ page needed ].
  2. Hughes (1970) p. 185.
  3. Geiringer (1963) p. 322.
  4. Heartz (2009) p. 355.
  5. Hughes (1970) p. 186.
  6. A. Peter Brown, The Symphonic Repertoire (Volume 2) (Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press, 2001) ( ISBN   025333487X), pp. 207–208.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joseph Haydn</span> Austrian composer (1732–1809)

Franz Joseph Haydn was an Austrian composer of the Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the string quartet and piano trio. His contributions to musical form have led him to be called "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String quartet".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 96 (Haydn)</span>

The Symphony No. 96 in D major, Hoboken I/96, was completed by Joseph Haydn in 1791 as part of the set of symphonies composed on his first trip to London. It was first performed at the Hanover Square Rooms in London on 11 March 1791. Although it is the fourth of the twelve London symphonies by number, it was actually the first one written and performed. It is popularly known as the Miracle Symphony.

The composer Joseph Haydn is sometimes given the nickname "Papa" Haydn. The practice began in Haydn's lifetime and has continued to the present day.

The Symphony No. 98 in B major, Hoboken I/98, is the sixth of the twelve London symphonies composed by Joseph Haydn. It was completed in 1792 as part of the set of symphonies composed on his first trip to London. It was first performed at the Hanover Square Rooms in London on 2 March 1792. Some musicologists and historians interpret this symphony as Haydn’s tribute to his friend Mozart who had died on 5 December 1791.

The double variation is a musical form used in classical music. It is a type of theme and variations that employs two themes. In a double variation set, a first theme is followed by a second theme (B), followed by a variation on A, then a variation on B, and so on with alternating A and B variations. Often there is a coda at the end.

The Symphony No. 99 in E major is the seventh of the twelve London symphonies written by Joseph Haydn. The symphony was written in 1793 in Vienna in anticipation for his second trip to London.

The Symphony No. 91 in E major, Hoboken I/91, was written by Joseph Haydn. It was completed in 1788 as part of a three-symphony commission from Count d'Ogny for the Concert de la Loge Olympique, a successor to Haydn's series of "Paris symphonies". It is occasionally referred to as The Letter T referring to an older method of cataloguing Haydn's symphonic output.This triptych also includes Haydn's own Symphony No. 90 and Symphony No. 92.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 79 (Haydn)</span>

Haydn's Symphony No. 79 in F major, was composed in 1784. The symphony is characterized by a strong and joyful opening theme, as well as varied rhythms throughout all four movements, especially in the minuet. The wind section alternates throughout the symphony between doubling the string section and playing independently. Of particular note are a number of long rests, which are characteristic of Haydn.

Symphony No. 77 in B major, Hoboken I/77, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn completed in 1782.

Symphony No. 76 in E major is a symphony by Joseph Haydn completed in 1782.

The Symphony No. 75 in D major is a symphony composed by Joseph Haydn between 1779 and 1781.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 66 (Haydn)</span>

The Symphony No. 66 in B flat major is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. The time of composition is uncertain, with one speculation from around 1775–1776. The symphony is scored for two oboes, two bassoons, two horns and strings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 61 (Haydn)</span> Music composed by Joseph Haydn

The Symphony No. 61 in D major, Hoboken I/61, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. The autograph has survived and is dated 1776.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 52 (Haydn)</span>

The Symphony No. 52 in C minor is one of the last Sturm und Drang symphonies composed by the Austrian composer Joseph Haydn while the composer was in residence at Esterházy in 1771 or 1772.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 57 (Haydn)</span>

The Symphony No. 57 in D major, Hoboken I/57, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. The symphony was composed in 1774, under the auspices of Nikolaus Esterhazy, for whom he would compose symphonies until 1789. It is scored for two oboes, two horns and strings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 56 (Haydn)</span>

The Symphony No. 56 in C major, Hoboken I/56, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn, composed by 1774. It is scored for 2 oboes, bassoon, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani and strings. This is the only symphony by Joseph Haydn where he calls for the usage of both C alto horns and trumpets. It is in four movements:

  1. Allegro di molto, 3
    4
  2. Adagio, 2
    4
  3. Menuet & trio, 3
    4
  4. Finale: Prestissimo, 4
    4
<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 55 (Haydn)</span>

The Symphony No. 55 in E major, Hoboken I/55, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn, composed by 1774. It is scored for 2 oboes, bassoon, 2 horns and strings. It is in four movements:

  1. Allegro di molto, 3
    4
  2. Adagio ma semplicemente, 2
    4
    in B major
  3. Menuetto & trio, 3
    4
  4. Finale: Presto, 2
    4
<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 51 (Haydn)</span>

The Symphony No. 51 in B major, Hoboken I/51, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn, written in either 1773 or 1774, although the exact dating remains ambiguous.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 30 (Haydn)</span>

The Symphony No. 30 in C major, Hoboken I/30, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn composed in 1765, at the age of 33. It is nicknamed the Alleluia Symphony because of Haydn's use of a Gregorian Alleluia chant in the opening movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Symphony No. 24 (Haydn)</span>

Joseph Haydn wrote Symphony No. 24 in D major, Hoboken I/24, in 1764.

References