Synema diana

Last updated

Banded Synema's crab spider
Synema diana 184913937.jpg
from South Africa
Synema diana 241007044.jpg
from Durban
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Thomisidae
Genus: Synema
Species:
S. diana
Binomial name
Synema diana
(Audouin, 1826) [1]
Synonyms
  • Thomisus dianaAudouin, 1826
  • Thomisus trematusWalckenaer, 1837
  • Synema tremata(Simon, 1864)
  • Diaea diana(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876)
  • Synaema diana(Simon, 1882)
  • Synema audouiniRoewer, 1951

Synema diana is a species of crab spider in the family Thomisidae. It is widely distributed across Africa and the Middle East, ranging from Tunisia to Saudi Arabia and extending south to South Africa. [2] [3]

Contents

Distribution

Synema diana has been recorded from Tunisia, Egypt, throughout eastern Africa including Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Tanzania, and extends south to South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini. [2] The species also occurs in the Arabian Peninsula, with records from Yemen, Israel, and Saudi Arabia. [4] [5]

In South Africa, the species is known from four provinces: Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, and Mpumalanga. [3]

Habitat

Synema diana is a free-living spider found on vegetation and occasionally inside flower corollas. It inhabits various biomes including forest, grassland, Indian Ocean coastal belt, and savanna environments. The species has also been recorded in agricultural settings, including citrus and macadamia orchards and tomato fields. [3]

In Israel, Synema diana spins a small retreat web on tips of Tamarix twigs, with adults found almost throughout the year except possibly from October to December. [6]

Description

Females of Synema diana measure 4.4–6.5 mm in total length, while males are smaller at 3.6–4.7 mm. [6] The cephalothorax is deep green with white eye tubercles. [6]

Female Synema diana have a white opisthosoma decorated with black and red spots arranged in a distinctive pattern reminiscent of the Cedar of Lebanon flag design. The legs are green with red rings. [6]

Males differ in coloration, having a green opisthosoma with white patches rather than the spotted pattern of females. The legs maintain the same green coloration with red rings as in females. [6]

The male pedipalps are of medium size, with a tibia that is short and approximately as long as it is wide. [6]

Conservation status

Synema diana is listed as Least Concern due to its wide geographical range and stable populations. No known threats have been identified, and the species is recorded in several protected areas including Roodeplaatdam Nature Reserve and Polokwane Nature Reserve. [3]

References

  1. ↑ Audouin, V. (1826). Explication sommaire des planches d'arachnides de l'Égypte et de la Syrie. Paris: Description de l'Égypte. p. 399.
  2. 1 2 "Synema diana (Audouin, 1826)". World Spider Catalog. Retrieved 16 September 2025.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S.; Haddad, C.R.; Foord, S.H.; Lotz, L.N. (2020). The Thomisidae of South Africa. Part 3 Sm-T. Irene: South African National Survey of Arachnida. p. 16.
  4. ↑ Levy, G. (1975). "The spider genera Synaema and Oxyptila in Israel (Araneae: Thomisidae)". Israel Journal of Zoology. 24: 155–175.
  5. ↑ Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. (1989). "An annotated check list of crab spiders (Araneae: Thomisidae) of Saudi Arabia". Fauna Saudi Arabia. 10: 20–30.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Levy, G. (1985). Araneae: Thomisidae. Fauna Palaestina, Arachnida II. Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. p. 58.
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