| Syzygium densiflorum | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | Syzygium |
| Species: | S. densiflorum |
| Binomial name | |
| Syzygium densiflorum Wall. ex Wight & Arn. | |
| Synonyms [2] | |
| |
Syzygium densiflorum is a species of evergreen tree in the family Myrtaceae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats mountains, India. [3] The species is categorised as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List . [1]
These are large canopy trees up to 35 m tall. The tree trunk is cylindrical, with grey or blackish-grey bark, smooth or rough and shiny. [3] [4] The canopy fans out into branchlets that are nearly cylindrical (sub-terete). The branchlets, petioles, and leaves are hairless. The leaves are simple, entire, and set in an opposite and decussate arrangement on twigs. The leaf petioles are about 1 to 2.3 cm long and canaliculate (marked with a groove). The leaf blade is about 3.5 – 9 cm long by 1.8 – 3.7 wide, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic oblong in shape with a pointed apex (acuminate to caudate) and an acute to attenuate base. The lamina is dotted with pellucid glands has a midrib that is grooved above, and a nerve running parallel to the margin (intra-marginal nerve). The leaves have many slender parallel secondary nerves, while the tertiary nerves are not prominent. When dry, the leaves are olive green in colour. [3] [5]
The inflorescence and fruits form in terminal positions on the tips of branchlets as dense clusters, in 3-branched (trichotomous) cymes or cymose umbellules. The bisexual flowers are creamy white to white, about 10 – 12 mm long, and sessile. The petals are free and deciduous, with many free stamens. The ovary is inferior and 2-celled with many ovules, single style and simple stigma. The fruit is a fleshy berry, oblong or oblong to egg-shaped, green when unripe and purple when ripe, with a single seed. [3] [5]
The species has two known synonyms: Eugenia arnottiana Wight and Syzygium arnottianum Walp., [6]
The species has been given a putative common name of Arnott's Mountain Black Plum, [7] probably based on the synonym Eugenia arnottiana. Other known local names include: Umanaral (Kadar), Nir-naaval, Naaval, Nagay (Tamil), Kaattunjaval, Aatunjaval, Karinjaval, Ayuri, Karayambuvu, Njaval, and Vellanjaval (Malayalam). [4]
The species is found in the evergreen forests of the Western Ghats, in southern Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. It has been variously reported as occurring across an elevation range of between 1500 and 2300 m, [3] 1200 and 2400 m, [8] but a recent survey records occurrence between 860 and 2300 m. [4] In Tamil Nadu, the species is reported from the Western Ghats in the Districts of Nilgiris, Coimbatore, Dindigul, Theni, Tirunelveli and Kanniyakumari. [7] In Kerala, it occurs in the mountains in the districts of Thiruvananthapuram, Idukki, Pathanamthitta, Palakkad, Kozhikkode, Kollam, Wayanad. [5]
The species is listed as Vulnerable. [1]
This endemic, evergreen species occurs as a canopy tree in the mid- and high-elevation tropical wet evergreen rainforests and shola forests of the southern Western Ghats. [3] [4] [5] The trees flower between March and May, [4] and is reported to fruit between April and May [8] or in June. [4]
The East Deccan dry evergreen forests is an ecoregion of southeastern India. The ecoregion includes the coastal region behind the Coromandel Coast on the Bay of Bengal, between the Eastern Ghats and the sea. It covers eastern Tamil Nadu, part of Puducherry and south eastern Andhra Pradesh.
Gluta travancorica is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is endemic to the southern Western Ghats in India.
Orophea thomsonii or Thomson's Turret Flower is a species of shrub or small tree in the Annonaceae family. It is native to Kerala and Tamil Nadu in India and endemic to the Western Ghats mountain range.
Palaquium ravii is a species of tree in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats mountains and native to Kerala and Tamil Nadu in India.
Phyllanthus anamalayanus is a species of plant in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is endemic to the Anamalai Hills in Coimbatore district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The species is a shrub or small tree occurring in the understorey of mid-elevation tropical wet evergreen forests in the Anamalai Hills, and is endemic to the Western Ghats. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Vateria indica, the white dammar, is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats mountains in India. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is a large canopy or emergent tree frequent in tropical wet evergreen forests of the low and mid-elevations.
Vatica chinensis is a species of flowering tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, found in South Asia.
Syzygium ingens, commonly known as red apple, is a species of flowering plant that is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a medium-sized to tall rainforest tree with narrow elliptic to oblong leaves and panicles of white flowers on the ends of branchlets, followed by spherical red berries.
Syzygium hemilamprum, commonly known as the broad-leaved lilly pilly, blush satinash, cassowary gum, Eungella gum, and treated as Acmena hemilampra in New South Wales and Queensland, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is native to New South Wales, Queensland and the Northern Territory. It is a rainforest tree with broadly lance-shaped to elliptic leaves, panicles of white flowers and more or less spherical white fruit.
Diospyros atrata is a tree in the Ebony family. It commonly grows to 25 metres tall. The plant can be seen in subcanopy trees in medium elevation wet evergreen forests between 1000 and 1400 m in Western Ghats- South Sahyadri, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu in India and from Kandy district in Sri Lanka
Garcinia pushpangadaniana is a tree species in the family Clusiaceae. It was described in 2013 from a population found in the southern part of the Western Ghats in India. The specific epithet of this species honors Dr. P. Pushpangadan, former Director of Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanical Garden & Research Institute.
Bhesa indica is a flowering plant tree species in the Centroplacaceae family. It is distributed along the tropical wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of India. It is considered synonymous with Bhesa paniculata by some authors.
Syzygium hemisphericum is a flowering plant species in the family Myrtaceae, commonly called the hemispheric rose-apple. It is also known as teal-naval, vellanara, vellai-naval, goljamb, vennaval, redi jambul, makki nerale, payanjaval, vennjara, vellanjara, ven-nyara, venjara, tholnjaval, venyara and kaadu pannerale. This plant grows in abundance in the Western Ghats of India. It is also found in South and Central Maharashtra, Sahyadris, and Sri Lanka. It prefers evergreen and shola forests.
Flacourtia montana is a plant in the family of Salicaceae. It is native to southern Asia. The species presents as a tree up to 20 m in height.
Syzygium claviflorum is a tree in the Myrtaceae family. It is native to the north of the Australian continent and in tropical and subtropical Asia. It is used for timber, as fuel, as human and cattle food, and for dye. Stunted specimens can be found on the top of the plateau of Bokor National Park, Cambodia.
Myristica beddomei is a species of tree in the family Myristicaceae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats, India, where it is frequent in the mid-elevation wet evergreen forests and an important food tree of hornbills. The species has been earlier misidentified in regional floras and herbarium specimens as Myristica dactyloides Gaertn., the latter occurring only in Sri Lanka.
Cryptocarya anamalayana is a rare rainforest tree endemic to the southern Western Ghats, India. The specific epithet of the name refers to the Anamalai Hills, a major area of its distribution. The species considered endangered under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Diospyros paniculata, or the panicle-flowered ebony, is a species of tree in the ebony family. Endemic to the Western Ghats area of India and parts of Bangladesh, the species is currently listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List.
Drypetes wightii is an evergreen tree species endemic to the Western Ghats, India. The species is considered Vulnerable under the IUCN Redlist of Threatened Species.
Dysoxylum malabaricum, or white cedar, is a tree species endemic to the Western Ghats, India. The species is considered Endangered under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
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