Tanba Province

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Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Tanba Province highlighted Provinces of Japan-Tamba.svg
Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Tanba Province highlighted

Tanba [1] Province (丹波国, Tanba no kuni) was a province of Japan in the area of central Kyoto and east-central Hyōgo Prefectures. [2] Tanba bordered on Harima, Ōmi, Settsu, Tajima. Tango, Wakasa, and Yamashiro provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Tanshū (丹州). In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Tanba was one of the provinces of the San'indō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Tanba was ranked as one of the "superior countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the capital. The provincial capital is believed to have been located in what is now the city of Kameoka, although the exact location remains uncertain. The ichinomiya of the province is the Izumo-daijingū also located in Kameoka. The province had an area of 1,283.43 square kilometres (495.54 sq mi).

Contents

Hiroshige ukiyo-e "Tanba" in "The Famous Scenes of the Sixty States" (Liu Shi Yu Zhou Ming Suo Tu Hui ), depicting the Kanegasaka Pass 37 Tamba n.jpg
Hiroshige ukiyo-e "Tanba" in "The Famous Scenes of the Sixty States" (六十余州名所図会), depicting the Kanegasaka Pass

History

Before the establishment of the Ritsuryō system, the area was under control of the Tanba Kokuzō and included both the Tanba and Tango areas. The province of Tango was created in 713 during the reign of Empress Genmei by separating the northern five districts (Kasa District, Yoza District, Tamba District (later Naka District), Takeno District, and Kumano District) into "Tango", and the districts closer to the capital as "Tanba". [3] The Tanba area is rugged, and can be roughly divided into several river basins separated by mountains. For this reason, historically the province has been difficult to govern as a whole. On the other hand, its proximity to the capital gave it a strategic importance. During the Muromachi period, the Hosokawa clan were the shugo of the province, but governed through their proxies, the Naito clan. During the late Sengoku period, the province was conquered by Akechi Mitsuhide, and after his defeat by Toyotomi Hideyoshi at the Battle of Yamasaki in the aftermath of the assassination of Oda Nobunaga, it was governed by a succession of relatives of the Toyotomi clan. In the Edo Period, Tanba was governed by a mosaic of mostly fudai daimyō domains, who were considered more reliable by the Tokugawa shogunate and who could be called upon when necessary for the defense of Kyoto and Osaka.

Bakumatsu period domains
NameClanType kokudaka
Mujisen.svg Sasayama Aoyama clan Fudai60,000 koku
Maruni-Toshi no Monji.jpg Tanba-Kameyama Katanobara-Matsudaira clan Fudai50,000 koku
Oda emblem.svg Kaibara Oda clan Tozama36,000 koku
So clan mon2.svg Fukuyama Kutsuki clan Fudai32,000 koku
Mon Gaku.jpg Sonobe Koide clan Fudai24,000 koku
Shichiyoumon (No background and Black color drawing).svg Ayabe Kuki clan Tozama19,500 koku
Ageha inverted.png Yamaga Tani clan Tozama10.000 koku

Meiji period

Following the Meiji restoration, Tanba was divided into six districts. [4] Per the early Meiji period Kyudaka kyuryo Torishirabe-chō (旧高旧領取調帳), an official government assessment of the nation’s resources, the province had 970 villages with a total kokudaka of 331,954 koku .

Districts of Tango Province
DistrictkokudakaControlled byat presentCurrently
Kuwata (熊野郡)56,227 koku218 villages: Tenryō , Imperial family, Kuge, Tanba-Kameyama, Sonobe, Sasayama, Takatsuki most of Kameoka, parts of Nantan, Kyoto, Takatsuki and Toyono
Funai (船井郡)52,140 koku210 villages: Tenryō, Imperial Family, Sonobe, Tanba-Kameyama, Sasayama, Ayabe Tsurumaki part of Nantan and Kameoka
Ikaruga (何鹿郡)49,525 koku136 villages: Tenryō, Ayabe, Yamake, Sonobe, Kaibara, Sasayama, Yunagaya, Okabe dissolvedFukuchiyama, small part of Ayabe
Amata (天田郡)52,059 koku119 villages: Tenryō, Fukuchiyama, Ayabe, Iino,Tsurumaki, Kaibara, Sasayama, Okabedissolved Fukuchiyama
Hikami (氷上郡)68,546 koku172 villages: Tenryō , Kuge, Kaibara, Tanba-Kameyama, Yunagaya, Tsurumaki, Sanda, Yamakami dissolved Tanba
Taki (多紀郡)53,453 koku115 villages: SasayamadissolvedTamba-Sayayama, Hyogo

Notes

  1. ↑ Spelling note: A modified Hepburn romanization system for Japanese words is used throughout Western publications in a range of languages, including English. Unlike the standard system, the "n" is maintained even when followed by "homorganic consonants" (e.g., shinbun, not shimbun).
  2. ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Tanba" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 943 , p. 943, at Google Books.
  3. ↑ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 64. , p. 64, at Google Books
  4. ↑ Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures" at p. 780.

References

Commons-logo.svg Media related to Tamba Province at Wikimedia Commons

35°13′42″N135°20′58″E / 35.22833°N 135.34944°E / 35.22833; 135.34944

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