| History of Tanzania |
|---|
 |
| Timeline |
| Pre-colonial period |
| Colonial period |
| Modern history |
 Tanzaniaportal |
The Tanzania National Archives (est. 1962) are the national archives of Tanzania. The headquarters are located in Dar es Salaam on Vijibweni Street in Upanga. They contain more than 8,000 files dating back to German East Africa, files from British-administered Tanganyika Territory, and further records since the country's independence.
The oldest holdings in the archive date from the time of German colonial rule. During World War I, German East Africa had been conquered by British troops. In 1920 a British officer discovered, amidst a mass of German-language documents, instructions from the last German governor from 1916, according to which the most important files of the German colonial government should be buried in Tabora and other places to prevent them from falling into the hands of the advancing British. This discovery led to negotiations between the British administration in Tanganyika Territory and the German government. In 1921 the latter agreed to send two representatives to assist in excavating the records. Since then, the recovered documents form the core of the German-language holdings of the Tanzania National Archives. [1]
From 1950 onwards, the British government investigated whether a joint archive service could be set up for the then colonies and protectorates of Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika and Zanzibar. V.W. Hiller, who was Chief Archivist of the then Central African Federation, was in charge of this investigation, but no further steps were taken. After historian Marcia Wright had examined the condition of the records, she submitted her report in November, 1962. It concluded that the records were threatened by ongoing destruction, as they were kept in a roofless warehouse. [2]
By Presidential Decree No. 7 of December 1962, the National Archives became a division of the Ministry of National Culture and Youth of the newly independent government of Tanganyika. In June 1963 the ministry, supported by UNESCO, commissioned J. R. Ede, a professional archivist, to look after documents worthy of archiving. Ede also initiated steps to set up the National Archives as a government agency. [3] The first director was Michael Cook. He initially endeavoured, under sometimes daring circumstances, to recover and secure files that were stored in the attics of provincial and district administrations across the country. [4]
By Government Notice Number 289 of 1999, the archives were transferred from the Ministry of Education and Culture to the Public Service Management at the President’s Office, and a Records and Archives Management Division was established the same year. The earlier National Archives Act No. 33 of 1965 was replaced by the Records and Archives Management Act. No.3 of 2002. This act stated the main functions of the division, such as efficient keeping of records by all public offices, transfer and preservation of public records of enduring value to the National Archives, public access and storing of every publication produced by the Parliament, government and higher courts of the country. [5]
The Records and Archives Management Department has a division for records management and a second one for archives management. A third division is dedicated to a museum, archives and research relating to the "Founders of the Nation" Julius Nyerere and Abeid Karume. [6]
The archives were initially housed in the basement of a government building known as the Old Treasury, facing the harbour near Azania Front Lutheran Church. In October 1964, the archives moved to a former commercial building in the city centre. Finally in 1984, the National Archives were relocated to buildings specially built for this purpose at Upanga, Vijibweni Street No 7. The National Archives are comprised by their headquarters in Dar es Salaam and six regional branch offices located in Mbeya, Mwanza, Arusha, Dodoma, Tanga, and Singida. [1] [7]
The German-language holdings consist of a collection of more than 8,000 files from the administration of German East Africa for the period 1890–1918. Finding aids for these are available. They have been recognized as a UNESCO World Documentary Heritage since 1997. [8]
The German-language holdings initially posed a problem for the archive, as there was initially no one in the archive administration who read German. Michael Cook therefore asked for help from West Germany. After initial difficulties, the German side showed an interest, first commissioning the historian Egmont Zechlin, then staff from the school of archives in Marburg.
This help in sorting and indexing the documents also served to maintain relations between West Germany and Tanzania, at least in the cultural field, since Tanzania had recognized the German Democratic Republic, and the Federal Republic had frozen diplomatic relations and development aid in accordance with the Hallstein Doctrine. Furthermore, part of the colonial records in West Germany had been lost during the World War II, and what was preserved was mostly in the possession of the State Archives of East Germany and was very difficult for researchers from the West to access. The Federal Archives therefore had a significant interest in filming the German-language holdings stored in the Tanzania National Archives. [9]
In this context, the archivist and historian Eckhard Franz and others from the Marburg archives school worked twice over a longer period of time at the Tanzania National Archives in 1967 and 1969. They organized the holdings and made microfiche copies. Since then, further German historians have used the holdings and evaluated documents. The project was subsequentally taken over by the German Federal Archives in 1976. [9]
The Tanzania National Archives also contain
Dar es Salaam is the largest city and financial hub of Tanzania. It is also the capital of the Dar es Salaam Region. With a population of over five million people, Dar es Salaam is the largest city in East Africa and the sixth-largest in Africa. Located on the Swahili coast, Dar es Salaam is an important economic center and one of the fastest-growing cities in the world.
Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to the south; Zambia to the southwest; and Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, is in northeastern Tanzania. According to the 2022 national census, Tanzania has a population of nearly 62 million, making it the most populous country located entirely south of the equator.
The modern-day African Great Lakes state of Tanzania dates formally from 1964, when it was formed out of the union of the much larger mainland territory of Tanganyika and the coastal archipelago of Zanzibar. The former was a colony and part of German East Africa from the 1880s to 1919 when, under the League of Nations, it became a British mandate. It served as a British military outpost during World War II, providing financial help, munitions, and soldiers. In 1947, Tanganyika became a United Nations Trust Territory under British administration, a status it kept until its independence in 1961. The island of Zanzibar thrived as a trading hub, successively controlled by the Portuguese, the Sultanate of Oman, and then as a British protectorate by the end of the nineteenth century.
German East Africa was a German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, the Tanzania mainland, and the Kionga Triangle, a small region later incorporated into Mozambique. GEA's area was 994,996 km2 (384,170 sq mi), which was nearly three times the area of present-day Germany and almost double the area of metropolitan Germany at the time.
Moshi is a municipality and the capital of Kilimanjaro region in the north eastern Tanzania. As of 2017, the municipality has an estimated population of 201,150 and a population density of 3,409 persons per km2. In the last official census of 2022, the municipality had a population of 221,733. The municipality is situated on the lower slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, a dormant volcano that is the highest mountain in Africa. The name Moshi has been reported to refer to the smoke that emanates from the nearby mountain. The municipality covers about 59 square kilometres (23 sq mi) and is the smallest municipality in Tanzania by area.
Tabora is the capital of Tanzania's Tabora Region and is classified as a municipality by the Tanzanian government. It is also the administrative seat of Tabora Urban District. According to the 2012 census, the district had a population of 226,999.
The Haya are a Bantu ethnic group based in Kagera Region, northwestern Tanzania, on the western side of Lake Victoria. With over one million people, it is estimated the Haya make up approximately 4% of the population of Tanzania. Historically, the Haya have had a complex kingship-based political system. Agriculture, particularly banana farming, is central to Haya economic life. They are credited with the independent development of carbon steel dating to 2000 years ago using pre-heating techniques.
Tanzania Telecommunications Corporation, formerly Tanzania Telecommunications Company Limited (TTCL), is the oldest and largest fixed line telecommunications company in Tanzania. The company comes forth from the former Tanzania Posts and Telecommunications Corporation in 1993. TTCL was wholly owned by the Government of Tanzania until the partial privatisation of the company on 23 February 2001.
Tanganyika was a colonial territory in East Africa which was administered by the United Kingdom in various guises from 1916 until 1961. It was initially administered under a military occupation regime. From 20 July 1922, it was formalised into a League of Nations mandate under British rule. From 1946, it was administered by the UK as a United Nations trust territory.
Upanga East is an administrative ward of the Ilala Municipical Council of the Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. Kivukoni forms the ward's northern boundary. Kisutu borders the ward to the east, and Mchafukoge and Jangwani border it to the south. By Upanga West, to the west. The ward is home to the Tanzanian National Library. According to the 2022 census, the ward has a total population of 9,317.
Upanga West is an administrative ward of the Ilala Municipical Council of the Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. Hananasif of Kinondoni is the northern boundary of the ward. Upanga East borders the ward on the east, and Mchikichini, Mzimuni, and Jangwani border it on the south. Magomeni of Kinondoni, borders the ward to the west. The ward is home to the largest hospital in the country, Muhimbili Hospital. The ward is also home of the Union Sports Club. According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 13,476.
The National Archives of Indonesia is the non-departmental government institution of Indonesia responsible for maintaining a central archive. It holds the largest archive collection related to the Dutch East India Company (VOC). In 2003, Indonesia introduced a joint submission to the UNESCO Memory of the World Register with the Netherlands, South Africa, and Sri Lanka for their archival collections related to the VOC. The National Archives collection traces its origins to the work of Jacob Anne van der Chijs, who was appointed the first archivist of the Dutch East Indies in 1892 by the colonial government.
The National Archives of Nigeria has its headquarters in Abuja, Nigeria, with branches in Enugu, Ibadan, and Kaduna.The national archives kaduna is located at yakubu gowon way sabo Gari Nasarawa 802125 Kaduna. As of 2017, the current Director of Archives is Mr. Danjuma Dambring Fer.
The National Archives of the Philippines is an agency of the Republic of the Philippines mandated to collect, store, preserve and make available archival records of the Government and other primary sources pertaining to the history and development of the country. It is the primary records management agency, tasked to formulate and implement the records schedule and vital records protection programs for the government. The archives as they are organized today are a result of the passage of Republic Act 9470 in 2007, but its roots can be traced back to at least the 19th century during the Spanish colonial government.
Al Noor Kassum was a Tanzanian politician.
Amani Research Institute is a research institute located at Amani, in the Muheza District, on the Western Usambara Mountains of the northeastern region in present day Tanzania. The mountains form part of the Eastern Arc Mountains, which stretch from Kenya through Tanzania, and are covered by tropical cloud forests that have endured a long period of unique evolutionary endemism.
The Judiciary of Tanzania is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in Tanzania. The current judiciary bases its foundation to the constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania of 1977. Under the Constitution of Tanzania, Justices and Magistrates are independent of the government and subject only to the Constitution and the law. The country has a dual juristition system where there is a judicial structure responsible for Tanzania Mainland and another for Zanzibar. The Court of Appeal of the United Republic was established in 1979 as the final appellate judicial body with jurisdiction over the entire union.
Sisal production in Tanzania began in the late 19th century by the German East Africa Company. Sisal was continually produced during the German administration and the British administration and was the colony's largest export highly prized for use in cordage and carpets worldwide. At the time of independence in 1961, Tanzania was the largest exporter of Sisal in the world and the industry employed over 1 million farmers and factory workers.
Tanzania–United Kingdom relations are bilateral relations between Tanzania and the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom has historically been a partner of Tanzania in many areas, particularly trade and security.
The Marburg Files, also known as the Windsor Files or Duke of Windsor Files, are a series of top-secret documents discovered in Germany during May 1945 near the Harz Mountains and compiled at Marburg Castle, Hesse.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
