Temu cruckshanksii | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Myrtales |
Family: | Myrtaceae |
Genus: | Temu O.Berg (1861) [2] |
Species: | T. cruckshanksii |
Binomial name | |
Temu cruckshanksii (Hook. & Arn.) O.Berg (1861) [2] | |
Synonyms [2] | |
Synonymy
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Temu cruckshanksii (Mapudungun: temu) is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae. [1] [2] It is endemic to central and southern Chile. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The species was described as Temu cruckshanksii by Otto Karl Berg in 1861, [3] but was later placed in the genus Blepharocalyx . After phylogenetic analyses of the tribe Mytreae found Blepharocalyx to be polyphyletic, [4] the species was returned to the genus Temu in 2019. [5]
The plant grows to be 15 meters with a trunk diameter of approximately 50 centimeters. The bark is smooth and reddish brown. Leaves are oval-shaped, while the flowers are white and arranged in inflorescences. Fruits are round, dark brown with hints of reddish tone, and taste bitter.
The toponym of Temuco, a city in southern Chile, derives from this species, meaning in the Mapuche language "Temu water" or "temu in the water" ("co" means water in the Mapuche language).
Temu cruckshanksii is endemic to central and southern Chile, ranging from Aconcagua in Valparaíso Region in the north to Llanquihue in Los Lagos Region in the south. [1]
It grows in temperate forests, and in relict coastal forests in the mediterranean-climate north. It grows in humid and shady places or on the banks of watercourses in both the Chilean Coast Range and the foothills of the Andes from 400 to 1,000 meters of elevation. It does not tolerate regular snow, but can withstand occasional short-duration frosts to approximately -5 °C. [1]
Feijoa sellowiana also known as Acca sellowiana (O.Berg) Burret, is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is native to the highlands of southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina. Feijoa are also common in gardens of New Zealand. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental tree and for its fruit. Common names include feijoa, pineapple guava and guavasteen, although it is not a true guava. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree, 1–7 metres (3.3–23.0 ft) in height.
Myrtaceae, the myrtle family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, and eucalyptus are some notable members of this group. All species are woody, contain essential oils, and have flower parts in multiples of four or five. The leaves are evergreen, alternate to mostly opposite, simple, and usually entire. The flowers have a base number of five petals, though in several genera, the petals are minute or absent. The stamens are usually very conspicuous, brightly coloured, and numerous.
Myrceugenia is a genus of evergreen woody flowering trees and shrubs belonging to the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, first described as a genus in 1855. The genus is native to South America from central Brazil to southern Chile. It is closely related to the genus Luma; some botanists include Myrceugenia in that genus.
Xanthomyrtus is a group of shrubs and trees in the botanical family Myrtaceae described as a genus in 1922. It is found in Borneo, Moluccas, Sulawesi, Philippines, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago and New Caledonia.
Campomanesia is a genus in the family Myrtaceae described as a genus in 1794. It is native to South America and Trinidad.
Chamguava is a genus of the botanical family Myrtaceae, first described as a genus in 1991. It is native to southern Mexico and Central America.
Blepharocalyx is a genus of plant in family Myrtaceae first described as a genus in 1854. It is native to South America and the West Indies.
Neomitranthes is a genus of plant in family Myrtaceae first described as a genus in 1977. The entire genus is endemic to Brazil.
Myrteola is a plant genus in the Myrtaceae described as a genus in 1856. It is native to South America and the Falkland Islands.
Rhodamnia is a group of rainforest trees and shrubs in the myrtle family described as a genus in 1822. They are native to southern China, Southeast Asia, Papuasia, Australia, and New Caledonia.
Barongia is a genus of flowering plants in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae first described as a genus in 1988. It contains only one known species, Barongia lophandra, endemic to the Cook region of Queensland, Australia.
Homalocalyx is a genus of shrubs in the family Myrtaceae described as a genus in 1857. The entire genus is endemic to Australia.
Homalospermum is a genus of plants in the myrtle family first described as a genus in 1843. It contains only one known species, Homalospermum firmum, endemic to southwestern Western Australia.
Kjellbergiodendron is a genus of the botanical family Myrtaceae, first described as a genus in 1936. It contains only one known species, Kjellbergiodendron celebicum, endemic to the Island of Sulawesi in Indonesia.
Myrtastrum is a genus of plants in the Myrtaceae first described as a genus in 1941. It contains only one known species, Myrtastrum rufopunctatum, endemic to New Caledonia. It is a phylogenetically isolated genus within the tribe Myrteae.
Purpureostemon is a genus of plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae described as a genus in 1939. There is only one known species, Purpureostemon ciliatus, endemic to New Caledonia. Purpureostemon is related to Xanthostemon.
Siphoneugena is a genus of the botanical family Myrtaceae, first described as a genus in 1856. It is native to Central and South America as well as the West Indies.
Whiteodendron is a genus of plant in family Myrtaceae described as a genus in 1952. It contains only one known species, Whiteodendron moultonianum, endemic to Borneo.
Myrteae is the largest tribe in the plant family Myrtaceae. It includes most of the species of the family that have fleshy fruits.
Syzygium apodophyllum is a tree in the Myrtaceae family endemic to north Queensland. The fruit is edible. It is a host for the exotic plant-pathogen fungus Austropuccinia psidii, which is causing a lot of damage to vegetation communities and economic plants.