Terebellidae | |
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Lanice conchilega (Terebellinae), taken out of its burrow. Note "spaghetti" tentacles on head. | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Annelida |
Clade: | Pleistoannelida |
Clade: | Sedentaria |
Order: | Terebellida |
Suborder: | Terebellomorpha |
Family: | Terebellidae Grube, 1851 |
Subfamilies | |
4, see text |
The Terebellidae is a marine family of polychaete worms, of which the type taxon is Terebella , described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1767 12th edition of Systema Naturae. [1]
Most terebellids live in burrows or crevices and are often of large size, ranging up to 150 millimetres in length and 15 millimetres in width. The numerous, very long tentacles which radiate from near the mouth are used for finding and collecting food particles from the sediment surface. The tentacles are not retractable as is the case in the ampharetids. They have plump anterior bodies and numerous segments in their long, tapered posterior bodies, whereas ampharetids are more compact. They have branched gills laterally on up to three anterior chaetigers but in the subfamily Thelepodinae the gills are numerous simple filaments. The mid-body chaetigers are in double rows in the subfamily Terebellinae. In the subfamily Polycirrinae, the gills are absent and the prostomium is expanded as an undulating membrane which bears the tentacles., [2] [3] Notably, some of these worms are the only known violet or purple bioluminescent animals. [4]
The roughly 400 known species are divided between many dozens of genera. Most of these are assigned to 4 subfamilies. [5] Some additional genera are of unresolved or quite basal position.
Nereis is a genus of polychaete worms in the family Nereididae. It comprises many species, most of which are marine. Nereis possess setae and parapodia for locomotion and gas exchange. They may have two types of setae, which are found on the parapodia. Acicular setae provide support. Locomotor setae are for crawling, and are the bristles that are visible on the exterior of the Polychaeta. They are cylindrical in shape, found not only in sandy areas, and they are adapted to burrow. They often cling to seagrass (posidonia) or other grass on rocks and sometimes gather in large groups.
Nephtys is a genus of marine catworms. Some species are halotolerant to a degree in that they can survive in estuaries and estuarine lagoons down to a salinity of 20 psu.
Eunice is a genus in the polychaete family Eunicidae. Individuals grow to a length of between 0.5 and 300 cm. Their bodies have multiple segments. They have two eyes and five tentacles. They have well-developed sense organs and relatively large brains. Their color is dark purple-brown to red-brown with a white ring at the fourth segment. They are found in oceans and seas around the world. They have an evertible proboscis with distinctive mouthparts, some of which comprise two rows of maxilliary plates in a radula-like fashion.
Ampharetinae are a subfamily of terebellid "bristle worm". They are the largest subfamily of the Ampharetidae, of which they contain the great majority of the described genera.
Ampharete is a genus of polychaete annelid worms. They have a single, chevron-shaped row of teeth.
Terebellides is a genus of polychaete worms in the family Trichobranchidae.
Syllidae, commonly known as the necklace worms, is a family of small to medium-sized polychaete worms. Syllids are distinguished from other polychaetes by the presence of a muscular region of the anterior digestive tract known as the proventricle.
Eunoe is a genus of marine annelids in the family Polynoidae. The genus includes 48 species which are found world-wide, mostly from depths of 50 m or more.
Amphitrite is a genus of polychaetes belonging to the family Terebellidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.
Lagis is a genus of annelids belonging to the family Pectinariidae.
Marphysa is a genus of annelids belonging to the family Eunicidae.
Maldanidae is a family of more than 200 species of marine polychaetes commonly known as bamboo worms or maldanid worms. They belong to the order Capitellida, in the phylum Annelida. They are most closely related to family Arenicolidae, and together form the clade Maldanomorpha.
Thelepus is a genus of polychaetes belonging to the family Terebellidae.
Neoamphitrite is a genus of polychaetes belonging to the family Terebellidae.
Ophelina is a genus of annelids belonging to the family Opheliidae.
Eupolymnia is a genus of annelids belonging to the family Terebellidae.
Odontosyllis is a genus of annelids belonging to the family Syllidae.
Prionospio is a genus of annelids belonging to the family Spionidae.
Loimia is a genus of annelids belonging to the family Terebellidae.