| Thaumatophyllum | |
|---|---|
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| Thaumatophyllum xanadu | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Araceae |
| Subfamily: | Aroideae |
| Tribe: | Philodendreae |
| Genus: | Thaumatophyllum Schott [1] |
| Species | |
| Synonyms | |
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Thaumatophyllum (formerly Meconostigma ) is a genus of flowering plants in the arum family, Araceae. Its species are native to northern (tropical) South America. [1]
The genus Thaumatophyllum was erected by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott in 1859, [3] with the sole species Thaumatophyllum spruceanum . [4] In 1962, G.M. Barroso transferred T. spruceanum to Philodendron . (However, the transfer was not made correctly and Barroso's name Philodendron spruceanum is illegitimate.) While in Philodendron, T. spruceanum was placed, along with other species, in subgenus Meconostigma. [5] A series of molecular phylogenetic studies, particularly from 2008 onwards, suggested that, when broadly circumscribed, Philodendron was not monophyletic. In 2018, it was proposed that subgenus Meconostigma should be raised to the rank of genus, under the name Thaumatophyllum. [2] The proposal has been accepted by Plants of the World Online, [1] among other taxonomic databases.
The generic epithet Thaumatophyllum comes from Ancient Greek θαυμα (thaûma, "miracle") + φύλλον (phúllon, "leaf").
Relationships among the former subgenera of Philodendron and related genera are not yet fully resolved. Several studies that have produced a resolved tree suggest that relationships may be of the form: [2]
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As of October 2020 [update] , Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:
Dieffenbachia is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is native to the New World Tropics from Mexico and the West Indies south to Argentina. Some species are widely cultivated as ornamental plants, especially as houseplants, and have become naturalized on a few tropical islands.
Philodendron is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. As of September 2015, the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepted 489 species; other sources accept different numbers. Regardless of number of species, the genus is the second-largest member of the family Araceae, after genus Anthurium. Taxonomically, the genus Philodendron is still poorly known, with many undescribed species. Many are grown as ornamental and indoor plants. The name derives from the Greek words philo- or "love, affection" and dendron or "tree". The generic name, Philodendron, is often used as the English name, "philodendron".
Xanthosoma is a genus of flowering plants in the arum family, Araceae. The genus is native to tropical America but widely cultivated and naturalized in other tropical regions. Several are grown for their starchy corms, an important food staple of tropical regions, known variously as malanga, otoy, otoe, cocoyam, tannia, tannier, yautía, macabo, ocumo, macal, taioba, dasheen, quequisque, ʻape and as Singapore taro. Many other species, including especially Xanthosoma roseum, are used as ornamental plants; in popular horticultural literature these species may be known as ‘ape due to resemblance to the true Polynesian 'ape, Alocasia macrorrhizos, or as elephant ear from visual resemblance of the leaf to an elephant's ear. Sometimes the latter name is also applied to members in the closely related genera Caladium, Colocasia (taro), and Alocasia.
Sterculiaceae was a family of flowering plants based on the Genus Sterculia. Genera are now placed in the Family Malvaceae, in the subfamilies: Byttnerioideae, Dombeyoideae, Helicteroideae and Sterculioideae.
Monstera is a genus of 45 species of flowering plants in the arum family, Araceae, native to tropical regions of the Americas. The genus is named from the Latin word for "monstrous" or "abnormal", and refers to the unusual leaves with natural holes that members of the genus have.
Dracontium is a genus of flowering plants similar to those of Amorphophallus. Unlike Amorphophallus which is found in the Old World, this genus has a New World distribution and is native to South America, Central America, southern Mexico, and the West Indies.
Pothos is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, Australia, New Guinea, Southeast Asia, and various islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
Stenospermation is a genus of plant in family Araceae native to South America and Central America.
Baursia is a section within the genus Philodendron that consists of 33 different species of plants. Philodendron species that are members of this section are typically described as having very prominent lateral veins. They also have elongated oblong leaves with a few species that are exceptions to this rule. Members of this section are usually found within southeastern South America and the upper amazon basin. The type species for this section is Philodendron crassinervium. Additionally, philodendron within this section have plurilocular ovaries.
Asterostigma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is native to Brazil and Argentina. The leaves are pinnate and the plant is tuberous.
Aroideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is the largest subfamily in Araceae and consists of about 72 different genera, and 2,300 species. Many Aroideae have spiny pollen grains without a sporopollenin outer exine layer and lacking an aperture.
Dracontioides is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It was long thought to contain only a single species until a second species was described in 2005. Both are endemic to Brazil.
Gorgonidium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is native to South America. The spathes tend to be purple and the fruit are black.
Spathantheum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. The genus contains two species, Spathantheum fallax and Spathantheum orbignyanum. Spathantheum is believed to be closely related to Spathicarpa. The genus is endemic to the Andes of Peru, Bolivia, and northern Argentina and is found growing in grasslands in rocky soil.
Taccarum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is endemic to South America. The genus tends to grow in rocky areas.
Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum is a plant that belongs to the family Araceae and genus Thaumatophyllum, which previously was placed at subgenus Meconostigma, one of three subgenera within the genus Philodendron. The commonly used name Philodendron bipinnatifidum is a synonym. This plant is native to South America, namely to Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, and Paraguay, but is also cultivated as a landscape plant in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate climates.
Philonotion is a genus of plants in the Araceae. It has three known species, native to tropical South America. Some authorities regard it as part of the related genus Schismatoglottis.
Thaumatophyllum xanadu is a perennial forb belonging to the arum family Araceae and the genus Thaumatophyllum, formerly classified under the Meconostigma subgenus of Philodendron. This plant is native to Brazil, but is widely cultivated as a landscape plant in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate climates.