The Iron Curtain (film)

Last updated

The Iron Curtain
Poster of the movie The Iron Curtain.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by William A. Wellman
Screenplay by Milton Krims
Based onI Was Inside Stalin's Spy Ring
1947 articles in
Hearst's International-Cosmopolitan
by Igor Gouzenko
Produced by Sol C. Siegel
Starring Dana Andrews
Gene Tierney
Narrated by Reed Hadley
Cinematography Charles G. Clarke
Edited by Louis R. Loeffler
Music by Alfred Newman
Color processBlack and white
Production
company
Distributed by20th Century-Fox
Release date
  • May 12, 1948 (1948-05-12)
Running time
87 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Box office$2 million (US rentals) [1]

The Iron Curtain is a 1948 American thriller film starring Dana Andrews and Gene Tierney, directed by William A. Wellman. It was the first film on the Cold War. [2] The film was based on the memoirs of Igor Gouzenko. [3] Principal photography was done on location in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada by Charles G. Clarke. [4] The film was later re-released as Behind the Iron Curtain.

Contents

In Shostakovich v. Twentieth Century-Fox , Russian composer Dmitry Shostakovich unsuccessfully sued 20th Century-Fox, the film's distributor, in New York court, for using musical works of his that could not be excluded from the public domain. However, the plaintiffs were victorious in the French analog Société Le Chant du Monde v. Société Fox Europe and Société Fox Americaine Twentieth Century .

Plot

Igor Gouzenko (Dana Andrews), an expert at deciphering codes, comes to the Soviet embassy in Ottawa in 1943, along with a Soviet military colonel, Trigorin (Frederic Tozere), and a major, Kulin (Eduard Franz), to set up a base of operations.

Warned of the sensitive and top-secret nature of his work, Igor is put to a test by his superiors, who have the seductive Nina Karanova (June Havoc) try her wiles on him. Igor proves loyal to not only the cause but to his wife, Anna (Gene Tierney), who arrives in Ottawa shortly thereafter with the news that she is pregnant.

Trigorin and his security chief, Ranov (Stefan Schnabel), meet with John Grubb (Berry Kroeger), the founder of Canada's branch of the Communist Party. One of their primary targets is uranium being used for atomic energy by Dr. Harold Norman (Nicholas Joy), whom they try to recruit.

In the years that pass, the atomic bomb ends the war. Anna, who has borne a son, now has serious doubts about the family's future. Igor begins to share these doubts, particularly after one of his colleagues, Kulin, has a breakdown and is placed under arrest. Once Igor is told that he is going to be reassigned back to Moscow, he decides to take action. He takes secret documents from the Embassy and tells Anna to hide them, in case anything happens to him. Trigorin and Ranov threaten his life, and the lives of his and Anna's families in the Soviet Union, but Igor refuses to return the papers.

Grubb and several others are called back to the Soviet Union to answer for their failures. Because of the documents Igor took, Canada's government succeeds in dismantling the communist cabal in the country and places the Gouzenkos in protective custody and grants them residence. The film ends with the proviso that the family lives in hiding protected by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. "Yet they have not lost faith in the future. They know that ultimate security for themselves and their children lies in the survival of the democratic way of life".

Cast

Production

Twentieth Century-Fox bought the rights to Gouzenko's articles about his experiences, as Hollywood began producing films regarding Communist infiltration in the late 1940s. The studio also purchased the rights to two historical books on Soviet espionage, George Moorad's Behind the Iron Curtain and Richard Hirsch's The Soviet Spies: The Story of Russian Espionage in North America, but no material from the two books was used in the film. [3] The film was produced by Daryl F. Zanuck in response to claims by Rep. J. Parnell Thomas, chairman of the House Un-American Activities Committee, that Hollywood did not make anti-communist films. [5]

Soviet sympathizers attempted unsuccessfully to disrupt location shooting in Ottawa, where Fox captured exteriors during a cold Canadian winter. [3]

Reception

In a blurb noting the movie's release, The New York Times observed: "The Iron Curtain...has been under attack since January by various groups including the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship." [6]

The New York Times' Bosley Crowther opens his May 13, 1948, review with “Hollywood fired its first Shot in the "cold war" against Russia yesterday, just when a faint hope was glimmering that maybe moderation in fact might be achieved. It came in the shape of The Iron Curtain,” Crowther praises Gene Tierney's “glowing” performance, but has little good to say—and a great deal to criticize—when it comes to the rest of the film. Comparing it to 1939's Confessions of a Nazi Spy (the pictures share a screenwriter), he observes: “It…seems excessively sensational and dangerous to the dis-ease of our times to dramatize the myrmidons of Russia as so many sinister fiends.” Although it is supposed to be based on a true account, “This story and film have a patent detachment from authenticity…This would pass for a mild spy melodrama if it weren't for the violence of its blast…There is no question about it. It is an highly inflammatory film.” [7]

On May 16, 1948, in “The Iron Curtain: New Roxy Film Poses a Question: Is It Being Raised or Lowered?” Crowther explores the powerful influence of film on audiences and the dangers of demonizing Russians, or any people. [8]

Darryl F. Zanuck wrote in response to the May 16 piece. His letter was published on May 30, 1948. [9]

The film opened in 20 key cities in the United States and grossed over $500,000 in its first week to be the number one film in the United States where it remained for a second week. [10] [11]

Related Research Articles

<i>Laura</i> (1944 film) 1944 American film noir directed by Otto Preminger

Laura is a 1944 American film noir produced and directed by Otto Preminger. It stars Gene Tierney, Dana Andrews, and Clifton Webb along with Vincent Price and Judith Anderson. The screenplay by Jay Dratler, Samuel Hoffenstein, and Betty Reinhardt is based on the 1943 novel Laura by Vera Caspary. Laura received five nominations for the Academy Awards, including for Best Director, winning for Best Black and White Cinematography.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dana Andrews</span> American actor (1909–1992)

Carver Dana Andrews was an American film actor who became a major star in what is now known as film noir. A leading man during the 1940s, he continued acting in less prestigious roles and character parts into the 1980s. He is best known for his portrayal of obsessed police detective Mark McPherson in the noir Laura (1944) and his critically acclaimed performance as World War II veteran Fred Derry in The Best Years of Our Lives (1946).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gene Tierney</span> American actress (1920–1991)

Gene Eliza Tierney was an American film and stage actress. Acclaimed for her great beauty, she became established as a leading lady. She was best known for her portrayal of the title character in the film Laura (1944), and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as Ellen Berent Harland in Leave Her to Heaven (1945).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Igor Gouzenko</span> Russian defector to Canada (1919–1982)

Igor Sergeyevich Gouzenko was a cipher clerk for the Soviet embassy to Canada in Ottawa, Ontario, and a lieutenant of the Soviet Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU). He defected on September 5, 1945, three days after the end of World War II, with 109 documents on the USSR's espionage activities in the West. In response, Canada's Prime Minister, Mackenzie King, called a royal commission to investigate espionage in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fred Rose (politician)</span> Canadian politician (1907–1983)

Fred Rose was a Polish-Canadian politician and trade union organizer, best known for being the only member of the Canadian Parliament to ever be convicted of a charge related to spying for a foreign country. A member of the Communist Party of Canada and Labor-Progressive Party, he served as the MP for Cartier from 1943 to 1947. He was ousted from his seat after being found guilty of conspiring to steal weapons research for the Soviet Union.

<i>Pickup on South Street</i> 1953 film by Samuel Fuller

Pickup on South Street is a 1953 Cold War spy-themed film noir written and directed by Samuel Fuller, and released by 20th Century-Fox. In 2018, Pickup on South Street was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." The film stars Richard Widmark, Jean Peters, and Thelma Ritter. It was screened at the Venice Film Festival in 1953.

<i>Wintertime</i> (film) 1943 film by John Brahm

Wintertime is a 1943 Twentieth Century-Fox musical film directed by John Brahm and starring Sonja Henie and Cesar Romero. It also features Woody Herman and His Orchestra.

<i>A Bell for Adano</i> 1945 American war film directed by Henry King

A Bell for Adano is a 1945 American war film directed by Henry King and starring John Hodiak and Gene Tierney. It was adapted from the 1944 novel of the same title by John Hersey, which won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1945. In his review of the film for The New York Times, Bosley Crowther wrote, "... this easily vulnerable picture, which came to the Music Hall yesterday, is almost a perfect picturization of Mr. Hersey's book."

<i>Night and the City</i> 1950 British film directed by Jules Dassin

Night and the City is a 1950 British film noir directed by Jules Dassin and starring Richard Widmark, Gene Tierney and Googie Withers. It is based on the novel of the same name by Gerald Kersh. Shot on location in London and at Shepperton Studios, the plot revolves around an ambitious hustler who meets continual failures.

Shostakovich v. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp. is a landmark 1948 New York Supreme Court decision that was the first case in United States copyright law to recognize moral rights in authorship. The Shostakovich case was brought following the United States premiere of The Iron Curtain, a 1948 spy film and the first anti-Soviet Hollywood film of the Cold War era. The film featured the music of several Soviet composers: Dmitri Shostakovich, Aram Khachaturian, Sergei Prokofiev, and Nikolai Myaskovsky.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gouzenko Affair</span> Revelation of a Soviet spy ring in Canada

The Gouzenko Affair was the name given to events in Canada surrounding the defection of Igor Gouzenko, a GRU cipher clerk stationed at the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa, from the Soviet Union in 1945 and his allegations regarding the existence of a Soviet spy ring of Canadian communists. Gouzenko's defection and revelations are considered by historians to have marked the beginning of the Cold War in Canada, as well as potentially setting the stage for the "Red Scare" of the 1950s.

<i>The Razors Edge</i> (1946 film) 1946 film by Edmund Goulding

The Razor's Edge is a 1946 American drama film based on W. Somerset Maugham's 1944 novel of the same name. It stars Tyrone Power, Gene Tierney, John Payne, Anne Baxter, Clifton Webb, and Herbert Marshall, with a supporting cast including Lucile Watson, Frank Latimore, and Elsa Lanchester. Marshall plays Somerset Maugham. The film was directed by Edmund Goulding.

<i>On the Riviera</i> 1951 film by Walter Lang

On the Riviera is a 1951 Technicolor musical comedy film made by 20th Century Fox. Directed by Walter Lang and produced by Sol C. Siegel from a screenplay by Valentine Davies and Phoebe and Henry Ephron, it is the studio's fourth film based on the 1934 play The Red Cat by Rudolph Lothar and Hans Adler. This version stars Danny Kaye, Gene Tierney and Corinne Calvet, with Marcel Dalio, Henri Letondal and Sig Ruman.

<i>Dragonwyck</i> (film) 1946 film by Joseph L. Mankiewicz

Dragonwyck is a 1946 American period drama film made by Twentieth Century-Fox. It was directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, and produced by Darryl F. Zanuck and Ernst Lubitsch (uncredited), from a screenplay by Mankiewicz, based on the novel Dragonwyck by Anya Seton. The music score was by Alfred Newman, and the cinematography by Arthur C. Miller. The film stars Gene Tierney, Walter Huston, and Vincent Price.

<i>Tobacco Road</i> (film) 1941 film by John Ford

Tobacco Road is a 1941 American comedy-drama film directed by John Ford and starring Charley Grapewin, Marjorie Rambeau, Gene Tierney and William Tracy. It was based on the 1932 novel of the same name by Erskine Caldwell and the 1933 Broadway play that Jack Kirkland adapted from the novel. The plot was rewritten for the film by Nunnally Johnson, who had worked with Ford on The Grapes of Wrath the previous year; the plot was altered to fit Production Code demands for a lighter tone while retaining plot elements.

<i>Thunder Birds</i> (1942 film) 1942 film by William A. Wellman

Thunder Birds is a 1942 Technicolor film directed by William A. Wellman and starring Gene Tierney, Preston Foster, and John Sutton. It features aerial photography and location filming at an actual Arizona training base of the United States Army Air Forces named Thunderbird Field No. 1 during World War II.

<i>That Lady in Ermine</i> 1948 film by Otto Preminger, Ernst Lubitsch

That Lady in Ermine is a 1948 American Technicolor musical film directed by Ernst Lubitsch. The screenplay by Samson Raphaelson is based on the 1919 operetta Die Frau im Hermelin by Rudolph Schanzer and Ernst Welisch.

<i>Black Widow</i> (1954 film) 1954 film by Nunnally Johnson

Black Widow is a 1954 American DeLuxe Color mystery film in CinemaScope, with elements of film noir, written, produced, and directed by Nunnally Johnson, based on the 1952 novel of the same name by Patrick Quentin. The film stars Ginger Rogers, Van Heflin, Gene Tierney, and George Raft.

<i>The Shocking Miss Pilgrim</i> 1947 film by George Seaton

The Shocking Miss Pilgrim is a 1947 American musical comedy film in Technicolor written and directed by George Seaton and starring Betty Grable and Dick Haymes.

<i>Moss Rose</i> (film) 1947 film by Gregory Ratoff

Moss Rose is a 1947 American film noir mystery film directed by Gregory Ratoff and starring Peggy Cummins, Victor Mature and Ethel Barrymore. It is an adaptation of the 1934 novel Moss Rose by Marjorie Bowen based on a real-life Victorian murder case.

References

  1. "Top Grossers of 1948", Variety 5 January 1949 p 46
  2. Christopher Newfield (2020). "Cold War and Culture War". In Paul Lauter (ed.). Blackwell Companions to Literature and Culture A Companion to American Literature and Culture Genealogies of American Literary Study. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 76. doi:10.1002/9781444320626.ch5. ISBN   9781444320626.
  3. 1 2 3 "The Iron Curtain". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  4. Higham, Charles; Greenberg, Joel (1968). Hollywood in the Forties. London: A. Zwemmer Limited. p. 75. ISBN   0-302-00477-7.
  5. Doherty, Thomas. (2018) Show Trial, Columbia University Press, p. 62.
  6. "Of Local Origin". New York Times. May 12, 1948. p. 33 (Amusements). Retrieved April 27, 2020.
  7. Crowther, Bosley (May 13, 1948). "THE SCREEN; ' The Iron Curtain,' Anti-Communist Film, Has Premiere Here at the Roxy Theatre". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved November 5, 2023.
  8. Crowther, Bosley (May 16, 1948). "'THE IRON CURTAIN'; New Roxy Film Poses a Question: Is It Being Raised or Lowered?". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved November 5, 2023.
  9. Zanuck, Darryl F. (May 30, 1948). "ZANUCK DEFENDS 'THE IRON CURTAIN'". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved November 5, 2023.
  10. "National Boxoffice Survey". Variety. May 19, 1948. p. 3. Retrieved December 29, 2023 via Archive.org.
  11. "National Boxoffice Survey". Variety. May 26, 1948. p. 3. Retrieved December 29, 2023 via Archive.org.