The Iron Curtain | |
---|---|
Directed by | William A. Wellman |
Screenplay by | Milton Krims |
Based on | I Was Inside Stalin's Spy Ring 1947 articles in Hearst's International-Cosmopolitan by Igor Gouzenko |
Produced by | Sol C. Siegel |
Starring | Dana Andrews Gene Tierney |
Narrated by | Reed Hadley |
Cinematography | Charles G. Clarke |
Edited by | Louis R. Loeffler |
Music by | Alfred Newman |
Color process | Black and white |
Production company | |
Distributed by | 20th Century-Fox |
Release date |
|
Running time | 87 minutes |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Box office | $2 million (US rentals) [1] |
The Iron Curtain is a 1948 American thriller film starring Dana Andrews and Gene Tierney, directed by William A. Wellman. It was the first film on the Cold War. [2] The film was based on the memoirs of Igor Gouzenko. [3] Principal photography was done on location in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada by Charles G. Clarke. [4] The film was later re-released as Behind the Iron Curtain.
In Shostakovich v. Twentieth Century-Fox , Russian composer Dmitry Shostakovich unsuccessfully sued 20th Century-Fox, the film's distributor, in New York court, for using musical works of his that could not be excluded from the public domain. However, the plaintiffs were victorious in the French analog Société Le Chant du Monde v. Société Fox Europe and Société Fox Americaine Twentieth Century .
Igor Gouzenko (Dana Andrews), an expert at deciphering codes, comes to the Soviet embassy in Ottawa in 1943, along with a Soviet military colonel, Trigorin (Frederic Tozere), and a major, Kulin (Eduard Franz), to set up a base of operations.
Warned of the sensitive and top-secret nature of his work, Igor is put to a test by his superiors, who have the seductive Nina Karanova (June Havoc) try her wiles on him. Igor proves loyal to not only the cause but to his wife, Anna (Gene Tierney), who arrives in Ottawa shortly thereafter with the news that she is pregnant.
Trigorin and his security chief, Ranov (Stefan Schnabel), meet with John Grubb (Berry Kroeger), the founder of Canada's branch of the Communist Party. One of their primary targets is uranium being used for atomic energy by Dr. Harold Norman (Nicholas Joy), whom they try to recruit.
In the years that pass, the atomic bomb ends the war. Anna, who has borne a son, now has serious doubts about the family's future. Igor begins to share these doubts, particularly after one of his colleagues, Kulin, has a breakdown and is placed under arrest. Once Igor is told that he is going to be reassigned back to Moscow, he decides to take action. He takes secret documents from the Embassy and tells Anna to hide them, in case anything happens to him. Trigorin and Ranov threaten his life, and the lives of his and Anna's families in the Soviet Union, but Igor refuses to return the papers.
Grubb and several others are called back to the Soviet Union to answer for their failures. Because of the documents Igor took, Canada's government succeeds in dismantling the communist cabal in the country and places the Gouzenkos in protective custody and grants them residence. The film ends with the proviso that the family lives in hiding protected by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. "Yet they have not lost faith in the future. They know that ultimate security for themselves and their children lies in the survival of the democratic way of life".
Twentieth Century-Fox bought the rights to Gouzenko's articles about his experiences, as Hollywood began producing films regarding Communist infiltration in the late 1940s. The studio also purchased the rights to two historical books on Soviet espionage, George Moorad's Behind the Iron Curtain and Richard Hirsch's The Soviet Spies: The Story of Russian Espionage in North America, but no material from the two books was used in the film. [3] The film was produced by Daryl F. Zanuck in response to claims by Rep. J. Parnell Thomas, chairman of the House Un-American Activities Committee, that Hollywood did not make anti-communist films. [5]
Soviet sympathizers attempted unsuccessfully to disrupt location shooting in Ottawa, where Fox captured exteriors during a cold Canadian winter. [3]
In a blurb noting the movie's release, The New York Times observed: "The Iron Curtain...has been under attack since January by various groups including the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship." [6]
The New York Times' Bosley Crowther opens his May 13, 1948, review with “Hollywood fired its first Shot in the "cold war" against Russia yesterday, just when a faint hope was glimmering that maybe moderation in fact might be achieved. It came in the shape of The Iron Curtain,” Crowther praises Gene Tierney's “glowing” performance, but has little good to say—and a great deal to criticize—when it comes to the rest of the film. Comparing it to 1939's Confessions of a Nazi Spy (the pictures share a screenwriter), he observes: “It…seems excessively sensational and dangerous to the dis-ease of our times to dramatize the myrmidons of Russia as so many sinister fiends.” Although it is supposed to be based on a true account, “This story and film have a patent detachment from authenticity…This would pass for a mild spy melodrama if it weren't for the violence of its blast…There is no question about it. It is an highly inflammatory film.” [7]
On May 16, 1948, in “The Iron Curtain: New Roxy Film Poses a Question: Is It Being Raised or Lowered?” Crowther explores the powerful influence of film on audiences and the dangers of demonizing Russians, or any people. [8]
Darryl F. Zanuck wrote in response to the May 16 piece. His letter was published on May 30, 1948. [9]
The film opened in 20 key cities in the United States and grossed over $500,000 in its first week to be the number one film in the United States where it remained for a second week. [10] [11]
Laura is a 1944 American film noir produced and directed by Otto Preminger. It stars Gene Tierney, Dana Andrews, and Clifton Webb along with Vincent Price and Judith Anderson. The screenplay by Jay Dratler, Samuel Hoffenstein, and Betty Reinhardt is based on the 1943 novel Laura by Vera Caspary. Laura received five nominations for the Academy Awards, including for Best Director, winning for Best Black and White Cinematography. In 1999, Laura was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". The American Film Institute named it one of the 10 best mystery films of all time, and it also appears on Roger Ebert's "Great Movies" series.
Carver Dana Andrews was an American film actor who became a major star in what is now known as film noir. A leading man during the 1940s, he continued acting in less prestigious roles and character parts into the 1980s. He is best known for his portrayal of obsessed police detective Mark McPherson in the noir Laura (1944) and his critically acclaimed performance as World War II veteran Fred Derry in The Best Years of Our Lives (1946).
Gene Eliza Tierney was an American film and stage actress. Acclaimed for her great beauty, she became established as a leading lady. She was best known for her portrayal of the title character in the film Laura (1944), and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as Ellen Berent Harland in Leave Her to Heaven (1945).
Igor Sergeyevich Gouzenko was a cipher clerk for the Soviet embassy to Canada in Ottawa, Ontario, and a lieutenant of the Soviet Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU). He defected on September 5, 1945, three days after the end of World War II, with 109 documents on the USSR's espionage activities in the West. In response, Canada's Prime Minister, Mackenzie King, called a royal commission to investigate espionage in Canada.
Fred Rose was a Polish-Canadian politician and trade union organizer, best known for being the only member of the Canadian Parliament to ever be convicted of a charge related to spying for a foreign country. A member of the Communist Party of Canada and Labor-Progressive Party, he served as the MP for Cartier from 1943 to 1947. He was ousted from his seat after being found guilty of conspiring to steal weapons research for the Soviet Union.
Pickup on South Street is a 1953 American spy film noir written and directed by Samuel Fuller, and starring Richard Widmark, Jean Peters, and Thelma Ritter. Widmark plays a pickpocket who unwittingly steals a covert microfilm sought by foreign agents. The film combines elements of the traditional crime film noir with Cold War-era espionage drama. It was released by 20th Century-Fox.
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Shostakovich v. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp. is a landmark 1948 New York Supreme Court decision that was the first case in United States copyright law to recognize moral rights in authorship. The Shostakovich case was brought following the United States premiere of The Iron Curtain, a 1948 spy film and the first anti-Soviet Hollywood film of the Cold War era. The film featured the music of several Soviet composers: Dmitri Shostakovich, Aram Khachaturian, Sergei Prokofiev, and Nikolai Myaskovsky.
The Gouzenko Affair was the name given to events in Canada surrounding the defection of Igor Gouzenko, a GRU cipher clerk stationed at the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa, from the Soviet Union in 1945 and his allegations regarding the existence of a Soviet spy ring of Canadian communists. Gouzenko's defection and revelations are considered by historians to have marked the beginning of the Cold War in Canada, as well as potentially setting the stage for the "Red Scare" of the 1950s.
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