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The economy of North Korea is a centrally planned economy,following Juche,where the role of market allocation schemes is limited,although increasing. As of 2022,North Korea continues its basic adherence to a centralized planned economy. With a total gross domestic product of $28.500 billion as of 2016,there has been some economic liberalization,particularly after Kim Jong Un assumed the leadership in 2012,but reports conflict over particular legislation and enactment. Since the 1990s,informal market activity has increased,which the government has tolerated. These markets are referred to as 'Jangmadang',and were formed as a result of the economic collapse during the 1990s,which made the regime unable to distribute food to its people.
The Great Leap Forward was an economic and social campaign within the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 1958 to 1962,led by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Party Chairman Mao Zedong launched the campaign to reconstruct the country from an agrarian economy into an industrialized society through the formation of people's communes. Mao decreed that efforts to multiply grain yields and bring industry to the countryside should be increased. Local officials were fearful of Anti-Rightist Campaigns and they competed to fulfill or over-fulfill quotas which were based on Mao's exaggerated claims,collecting non-existent "surpluses" and leaving farmers to starve to death. Higher officials did not dare to report the economic disaster which was being caused by these policies,and national officials,blaming bad weather for the decline in food output,took little or no action. Millions of people died in China during the Great Leap,with estimates ranging from 15 to 55 million,making the Great Chinese Famine the largest or second-largest famine in human history.
Liuyang is a county-level city,the most populous and the easternmost county-level division of Hunan Province,China;it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Changsha,the provincial capital. Located on the northeastern margin of Hunan,the city is bordered to the north by Pingjiang County,to the west by Changsha County and Yuhua District,to the south by Shifeng,Hetang Districts of Zhuzhou and Liling City,to the southeast and the east by Yuanzhou District of Yichun,Shangli,Wanzai and Tonggu Counties of Jiangxi. Liuyang City covers 4,997.35 km2 (1,929.49 sq mi) with registered population of 1,453,246 and resident population of 1,297,700. The city has four subdistricts,26 towns and two townships under its jurisdiction,its jurisdiction,its administrative centre is at Guankou Subdistrict (关口街道).
The Daqing Oil Field,formerly romanized as "Taching",is the largest oil field in the People's Republic of China,located between the Songhua river and Nen River in Heilongjiang province. When the Chinese government began to use pinyin for romanization,the field's name became known as Daqing.
The economic history of China describes the changes and developments in China's economy from the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 to the present day. The speed of China's transformation in this period from one of the poorest countries to one of the world's largest economies is unmatched in history.
On the eve of the 1921 revolution,Mongolia had an underdeveloped,stagnant economy based on nomadic animal husbandry. Farming and industry were almost nonexistent;transportation and communications were primitive;banking,services,and trade were almost exclusively in the hands of Chinese or other foreigners. Most of the people were illiterate nomadic herders,and a large part of the male labour force lived in the monasteries,contributing little to the economy. Property in the form of livestock was owned primarily by aristocrats and monasteries;ownership of the remaining sectors of the economy was dominated by Chinese or other foreigners. Mongolia's new rulers thus were faced with a daunting task in building a modern,socialist economy.
The Third Front Movement or Third Front Construction was a Chinese government campaign to develop industrial and military facilities in the country's interior. The campaign was motivated by concerns that China's industrial and military infrastructure would be vulnerable in the event of invasion by the Soviet Union or air raids by the United States. The largest development campaign of Mao-era China,it involved massive investment in national defense,technology,basic industries,transportation and other infrastructure investments and was carried out primarily in secret.
The industrialization of China refers to the process of China undergoing various stages of industrialization. The focus is on the period after the establishment of the People's Republic of China where China experienced its most notable growths in industrialization. Although Chinese industrialization is largely defined by its 20th-century campaigns,China has a long history that contextualizes the proto-industrial efforts,and explains the reasons for delay of industrialization in comparison to Western countries.
For millennia,agriculture has played an important role in the Chinese economy and society. By the time the People's Republic of China was established in 1949,virtually all arable land was under cultivation;irrigation and drainage systems constructed centuries earlier and intensive farming practices already produced relatively high yields. But little prime virgin land was available to support population growth and economic development. However,after a decline in production as a result of the Great Leap Forward (1958–60),agricultural reforms implemented in the 1980s increased yields and promised even greater future production from existing cultivated land.
The technological and industrial history of China is extremely varied,and extensive. China's industrial sector has shown great progress using most of its technology from the 1950s.
Industry is 39.4% of China's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2022. In 2007,industry contributed 46.7 percent of GDP in 2010 and occupied 27 percent of the workforce. In 2015,the manufacturing industrial sectors contributed to 40% of China's GDP. The manufacturing sector produced 44.1 percent of GDP in 2004 and accounted for 11.3 percent of total employment in 2006.
Manufacturing in Vietnam after reunification followed a pattern that was initially the reverse of the record in agriculture;it showed recovery from a depressed base in the early postwar years. However,this recovery stopped in the late 1970s as the war in Cambodia and the threat from China caused the government to redirect food,finance,and other resources to the military. This move worsened shortages and intensified old bottlenecks. At the same time,the invasion of Cambodia cost Vietnam urgent foreign economic support. China's attack on Vietnam in 1979 compounded industrial problems by damaging important industrial facilities in the North,particularly a major steel plant and an apatite mine.
The Five-Year Plans are a series of social and economic development initiatives issued by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) since 1953 in the People's Republic of China. Since 1949,the CCP has shaped the Chinese economy through the plenums of its Central Committee and national party congresses.
Changyi is a county-level city of Weifang,Shandong province,People's Republic of China. The city is 1627.5 square kilometers in area,with a household population of 581,000 as of 2010. The city is under the administration of the Changyi Municipal People's Government,with three neighborhoods,six towns,691 administrative villages,and one special economic development zone. Changyi has a long history that extends back into the Spring and Autumn period.
The 7th Five-Year Plan of China was a set of economic goals designed to strengthen the Chinese economy between 1986 and 1990.
China's Rural Reform was one of the multiple Chinese reforms implemented in China in 1978. The reforms were initiated by Deng Xiaoping,the leader of the Chinese Communist Party at the time.
The 1st Five-Year Plan was the first five-year plan adopted by the People's Republic of China after its establishment in 1949. It lasted from 1953 until 1957.
The Beidaihe Conference of 1958 was an enlarged meeting held by the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee from August 17 to 30 1958. It also involved a conference of provincial industrial secretaries and other relevant local leaders from the 25th to the 31st.
The 6th Five-Year Plan of China was a set of economic goals designed to strengthen the Chinese economy between 1981 and 1985.
The 2nd Five-Year Plan was the second five-year plan adopted by the People's Republic of China. It was planned to last from 1958 to 1962,and was more modest than the first Five-Year Plan,but was de facto abandoned since the beginning of the Great Leap Forward.
References
- ↑ Huang, Yibing (2020). An Ideological History of the Communist Party of China. Vol. 3. Qian Zheng, Guoyou Wu, Xuemei Ding, Li Sun, Shelly Bryant. Montreal, Quebec. ISBN 978-1-4878-0425-1. OCLC 1165409653.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ W. K (1966). "China's Third Five-Year Plan". The China Quarterly (25): 171–175. JSTOR 3082101.
- ↑ "The 3rd Five-year Plan (1966–1970) – china.org.cn". www.china.org.cn. Retrieved 2021-05-29.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Meyskens, Covell F. (2020). Mao's Third Front: The Militarization of Cold War China. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-78478-8. OCLC 1145096137.
- 1 2 Hou, Li (2021). Building for Oil: Daqing and the Formation of the Chinese Socialist State. Harvard-Yenching Institute monograph series. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Asia Center. ISBN 978-0-674-26022-1.
- 1 2 "The 3rd Five-year Plan (1966–1970)". China Internet Information Center . Retrieved 17 July 2020.
- ↑ "The 3rd Five-year Plan (1966–1970)". China Internet Information Center.
- ↑ "The 4th Five-Year Plan (1971–1975) – china.org.cn". www.china.org.cn.