11th Five-Year Plan | |||||||
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Simplified Chinese | 十一五规划 | ||||||
Traditional Chinese | 十一五規劃 | ||||||
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11th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China | |||||||
Simplified Chinese | 中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要 | ||||||
Traditional Chinese | 中華人民共和國國民經濟社會發展第十一個五年規劃綱要 | ||||||
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The 11th Five-Year Plan of China,officially the 11th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China,was a set of economic goals designed to strengthen the Chinese economy between 2006 and 2010.
The planning philosophy for the 11th Five-Year Plan was significantly shaped by a mid-term evaluation of the 10th Five-Year Plan. [1] : 134 The 11th Five-Year Plan introduced a new category of "binding targets" (yueshuxing zhibiao) intended as government promises. [1] : 134–135 These binding targets have since been used especially in non-economic policy areas like environmental protection and land management. [1] : 150 Of 22 targets listed in the 11th Five-Year Plan,eight of them were binding targets. [1] : 184 These binding targets were incorporated into the criteria for local cadre performance evaluations. [1] : 184 The Plan also reflected a change in terminology to the allocation of administrative resourced via "programs" rather than "plans." [1] : 134
According to draft guidelines submitted[ by whom? ] to the 2006 National People's Congress session,the goals of the Eleventh Five-Year Guideline were:
Economic growth:
Economic structure:
Population,resources,environment:
Public service,people's life:
Beginning with the 11th,each of China's Five Year plans have sought to move China away from energy-intensive manufacturing and into high-value sectors and have highlighted the importance of low-carbon technology as a strategic emerging industry,particularly in the areas of wind and solar power. [3] : 26–27 The plan adopted a more assertive approach to technology transfer in advanced technology. [4] The plan set a national energy intensity target [5] : 54 of a 20% reduction. [1] : 167 It was identified as a "binding target" and focused on throughout the plan's implementation. [1] : 167 Policymakers viewed emissions reductions and energy conservation as the highest priority environmental matters under the 11th Five-Year Plan. [1] : 136
Successful achievement of emissions and energy conservation targets in the 11th Five-Year Plan shaped policymaker's approach for the 12th Five-Year Plan,prompting expanded use of binding targets to capitalize on successes in these areas. [1] : 136
The economy of Morocco is considered a relatively liberal economy,governed by the law of supply and demand. Since 1993,in line with many Western world changes,Morocco has followed a policy of privatisation. Morocco has become a major player in African economic affairs,and is the 5th largest African economy by GDP (PPP). The World Economic Forum placed Morocco as the most competitive economy in North Africa,in its African Competitiveness Report 2014–2015Archived 19 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
The economy of North Korea is a centrally planned economy,following Juche,where the role of market allocation schemes is limited,although increasing. As of 2024,North Korea continues its basic adherence to a centralized planned economy. With a total gross domestic product of $28.500 billion as of 2016,there has been some economic liberalization,particularly after Kim Jong Un assumed the leadership in 2012,but reports conflict over particular legislation and enactment. Since the 1990s,informal market activity has increased,which the government has tolerated. These markets are referred to as 'Jangmadang',and were formed as a result of the economic collapse during the 1990s,which made the regime unable to distribute food to its people.
The Economy of Qatar is one of the highest in the world based on GDP per capita,ranking generally among the top ten richest countries on world rankings for 2015 and 2016 data compiled by the World Bank,the United Nations,and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The country's economy has grown despite sanctions by its neighbors,Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Mainly because the country exports primarily to Japan,South Korea,India and China,making the sanctions effectively redundant as neither Saudi Arabia nor the United Arab Emirates have imposed trading penalties such as tariffs or embargoes on any of these countries for trading with Qatar,or offering incentives such as discounts for their own energy exports to reduce Qatari exports.
The standard of living in India varies from state to state. In 2021,extreme poverty was reduced to 0.8% and India is no longer the nation with the largest population living in poverty.
Chifeng is a prefecture-level city in Southeastern Inner Mongolia,People's Republic of China. It borders Xilin Gol League to the north and west,Tongliao to the northeast,Chaoyang (Liaoning) to the southeast and Chengde (Hebei) to the south. The city has a total administrative area of 90,275 square kilometres (34,855 sq mi) and as of the 2020 census,had a population of 4,035,967 inhabitants. However,1,175,391 of those residents lived in the built-up area made of the 2 urban districts of Hongshan and Songshan,as Yuanbaoshan is not conurbated yet. However,a large part of Songshan is still rural and Yuanbaoshan is a de facto separate town 27 kilometers away from the core district of Chifeng. The city was the administrative center of the previous Ju Ud League.
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From 1947 to 2017,the Indian economy was premised on the concept of planning. This was carried through the Five-Year Plans,developed,executed,and monitored by the Planning Commission (1951–2014) and the NITI Aayog (2015–2017). With the prime minister as the ex-officio chairman,the commission has a nominated deputy chairman,who holds the rank of a cabinet minister. Montek Singh Ahluwalia is the last deputy chairman of the commission. The Twelfth Plan completed its term in March 2017. Prior to the Fourth Plan,the allocation of state resources was based on schematic patterns rather than a transparent and objective mechanism,which led to the adoption for the Gadgil formula in 1969. Revised versions of the formula have been used since then to determine the allocation of central assistance for state plans. The new government led by Narendra Modi,elected in 2014,announced the dissolution of the Planning Commission,and its replacement by a think tank called the NITI Aayog.
Ziyang prefecture-level city in eastern Sichuan province,China. It is bordered by the provincial capital of Chengdu to the northwest,Deyang to the north,Suining to the northeast,Chongqing municipality to the east,and Neijiang to the west. Its development is going to be very important because of the proximity of Chengdu new Airport and economic zone. As of the 2020 Chinese census,Ziyang's total population was 2,308,631 inhabitants whom 867,119 lived in the built-up area made of Yanjiang District.
Yangquan is a prefecture-level city in the east of Shanxi province,People's Republic of China,bordering Hebei province to the east. Situated at the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau and the west side of the Taihang Mountains,known as "Rippling Spring" in ancient times. Yangquan occupies a total area of 4,452 square kilometres (1,719 sq mi). According to the 2020 Census,Yangquan had a population of 1,318,505 inhabitants whom 1,037,456 lived in the built-up area made of 3 urban Districts plus Pingding County now being conurbated. Yangquan is a new industrial city of Shanxi province. It belongs to the warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate zone. Yangquan City has jurisdiction over two counties and three districts.
China is both the world's largest energy consumer and the largest industrial country,and ensuring adequate energy supply to sustain economic growth has been a core concern of the Chinese Government since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. Since the country's industrialization in the 1960s,China is currently the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases,and coal in China is a major cause of global warming. However,from 2010 to 2015 China reduced energy consumption per unit of GDP by 18%,and CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by 20%. On a per-capita basis,China was only the world's 51st largest emitter of greenhouse gases in 2016. China is also the world's largest renewable energy producer,and the largest producer of hydroelectricity,solar power and wind power in the world. The energy policy of China is connected to its industrial policy,where the goals of China's industrial production dictate its energy demand managements.
The economic development in India followed socialist-inspired politicians for most of its independent history,including state-ownership of many sectors;India's per capita income increased at only around 1% annualised rate in the three decades after its independence. Since the mid-1980s,India has slowly opened up its markets through economic liberalisation. After more fundamental reforms since 1991 and their renewal in the 2000s,India has progressed towards a free market economy. The Indian economy is still performing well,with foreign investment and looser regulations driving significant growth in the country.
Industry is 39.4% of China's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2022. In 2007,industry contributed 46.7 percent of GDP in 2010 and occupied 27 percent of the workforce. In 2015,the manufacturing industrial sectors contributed to 40% of China's GDP. The manufacturing sector produced 44.1 percent of GDP in 2004 and accounted for 11.3 percent of total employment in 2006.
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