Thyrsanthella

Last updated

Contents

Thyrsanthella
Thyrsanthella difformis Arkansas.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Subfamily: Apocynoideae
Tribe: Odontadenieae
Genus: Thyrsanthella
(Baill.) Pichon
Species:
T. difformis
Binomial name
Thyrsanthella difformis
Synonyms

Trachelospermum difforme(Walter) A.Gray

Thyrsanthella difformis flower Thyrsanthella difformis flower, Chatham Co., NC, 16 June 2015.jpg
Thyrsanthella difformis flower

Thyrsanthella is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae. [1] Its only species, Thyrsanthella difformis, the climbing dogbane. [2] It is an uncommon to locally common deciduous low-growing woody vine native to the southeastern United States, found more often though not exclusively in moist habitats. [3] [4] [5] [6]

T. difformis leaves and flower, Chatham County NC, 16 June 2015 ThyrsanthelladifformisLeavesFlower.jpg
T. difformis leaves and flower, Chatham County NC, 16 June 2015

Description

Thyrsanthella difformis is a deciduous low-growing woody twining vine in the dogbane family. Its leaves are opposite, entire, acuminate, and have variable shape. White to creamy yellow flowers, lacking a corona, corolla lobes 3–4 mm long, appear May to July. Reddish fruit are follicles 10–25 cm long, 1–2 mm in diameter that appear July through September. [3] [4]

Identification

The variable leaf shape may make identification challenging in some cases, particularly if the narrow-leaf form is first encountered. Also, T. difformis may be confused with trumpet honeysuckle, alien Japanese honeysuckle, or Carolina jessamine. Distinguish T. difformis in the field from these plants by observing that only T. difformis exudes milky sap from broken stems or the central vein of torn leaves. It may be distinguished from the alien confederate jasmine, formerly in the same genus, by the unassuming pale yellow flowers of the native species contrasting to the showy white flowers of the introduced vine. [3] [4]

Taxonomy

This species was traditionally included in the genus Trachelospermum . Molecular and physical taxonomic evidence place it instead in the monospecific genus Thyrsanthella. [7] The specific name derives from the variable leaf shape. [3] [4]

Toxicity

One source reports that all parts of this plant are poisonous if ingested. [8]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vine</span> Plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent stems or runners

A vine is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent stems, lianas, or runners. The word vine can also refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance, when used in wicker work.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jasmine</span> Genus of flowering plant in the olive family Oleaceae

Jasmine is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family of Oleaceae. It contains around 200 species native to tropical and warm temperate regions of Eurasia, Africa, and Oceania. Jasmines are widely cultivated for the characteristic fragrance of their flowers. Additionally a number of unrelated species of plants or flowers contain the word "jasmine" in their common names.

<i>Campsis radicans</i> Species of vine

Campsis radicans, the trumpet vine, yellow trumpet vine, or trumpet creeper, is a species of flowering plant in the trumpet vine family Bignoniaceae, native to eastern North America, and naturalized elsewhere. Growing to 10 metres, it is a vigorous, deciduous woody vine, notable for its showy trumpet-shaped flowers. It inhabits woodlands and riverbanks, and is also a popular garden plant.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apocynaceae</span> Dogbane and oleander family of flowering plants

Apocynaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, because some taxa were used as dog poison. Members of the family are native to the European, Asian, African, Australian, and American tropics or subtropics, with some temperate members. The former family Asclepiadaceae is considered a subfamily of Apocynaceae and contains 348 genera. A list of Apocynaceae genera may be found here.

<i>Trachelospermum</i> Genus of plants

Trachelospermumstar jasmine, Confederate jasmine, is a genus of evergreen woody vines in the dogbane family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1851. All species are native to southern and eastern Asia.

<i>Smilax rotundifolia</i> Species of plant

Smilax rotundifolia, also known as roundleaf greenbrier or common greenbrier, is a woody vine native to the southeastern and eastern United States and eastern Canada. It is a common and conspicuous part of the natural forest ecosystems in much of its native range. The leaves are glossy green, petioled, alternate, and circular to heart-shaped. They are generally 5–13 cm long. Common greenbrier climbs other plants using green tendrils growing out of the petioles.

<i>Passiflora lutea</i> Species of vine

Passiflora lutea, commonly known as yellow passionflower, is a flowering perennial vine in the family Passifloraceae, native to the central and eastern United States. The vine has three-lobed leaves and small, yellowish-green, fringed flowers that appear in the summer, followed by green fruit that turn almost black at maturity. It grows in moist to wet habitats.

<i>Hydrangea arborescens</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae

Hydrangea arborescens, commonly known as smooth hydrangea, wild hydrangea, sevenbark, or in some cases, sheep flower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae. It is a small- to medium-sized, multi-stemmed, deciduous shrub up to 2 m (7 ft) tall that is native to the eastern United States.

<i>Hydrangea cinerea</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae

Hydrangea cinerea, the ashy hydrangea or gray hydrangea, is a small to medium sized, deciduous shrub up to 3 m tall; its natural range is interior regions of the southeastern United States. Its common names reflect the ashy or gray appearance of the undersides of its leaves, which results from a dense pubescence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apocynoideae</span> Subfamily of flowering plants

Apocynoideae is a subfamily of the flowering plant family Apocynaceae, also called the 'dogbane' or milkweed family, containing about 860 species across 78 genera. Several are of pharmacological interest; Strophanthus has furnished highly effective arrow poisons, due to their cardiac glycoside content. Apocynoideae also includes many popular landscaping and ornamental species, one of the best-known, and most infamous, being the oleander ; the subfamily also contains remarkable pachycaul genera like Adenium and Pachypodium.

<i>Trachelospermum jasminoides</i> Species of vine

Trachelospermum jasminoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae, native to eastern and southeastern Asia. Common names include Confederate jasmine, star jasmine, Confederate jessamine, and Chinese star jessamine.

<i>Araujia sericifera</i> Species of plant

Araujia sericifera is a perennial vining plant in the genus Araujia, of the family Apocynaceae, that is native to South America. The species was described in 1817 by the Portuguese botanist Félix de Avelar Brotero. The synonym Araujia hortorum is in more frequent use in New Zealand. Its common names include bladderflower, white bladderflower, bladder vine, cruel vine, cruel plant, moth plant, moth vine, common moth vine, and false choko.

<i>Parsonsia straminea</i> Species of vine

Parsonsia straminea, commonly known as common silkpod or monkey rope, is a woody vine of the dogbane family, Apocynaceae. It occurs in the states of New South Wales and Queensland in Australia.

<i>Parsonsia brownii</i> Species of flowering plant

Parsonsia brownii, commonly known as twining silkpod or mountain silkpod, is a woody vine of the dogbane family, Apocynaceae. It occurs in rainforest in the states of New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania in Australia.

<i>Nephroia carolina</i> Species of flowering plant

Nephroia carolina, commonly called the Carolina coralbead, or snailseed, or Margil's Vine, is a perennial vine of the moonseed family (Menispermaceae). It is native to North America, where it is found in northeastern Mexico and in several states in the United States from the Southeast to the Midwest.

<i>Diervilla lonicera</i> Species of flowering plant

Diervilla lonicera, commonly referred to as northern bush honeysuckle, low bush honeysuckle, dwarf bush honeysuckle, or yellow-flowered upright honeysuckle, is a deciduous shrub native to the northeastern United States and Canada. Its specific epithet, lonicera refers to its similarity in appearance to the true honeysuckles, genus Lonicera. It attracts bumblebees and is an important source of nectar for them.

<i>Bolboschoenus novae-angliae</i> Species of flowering plant in the sedge family Cyperaceae

Bolboschoenus novae-angliae, common names New England bulrush, and Salt march bulrush is a plant species found along the Atlantic seacoast of the United States from Alabama to Maine. It grows in brackish and salt-water marshes and estuaries along the coast.

<i>Styrax grandifolius</i> Species of flowering plant

Styrax grandifolius, the bigleaf snowbell or bigleaf storax, is a plant species native to the southeastern United States, ranging from Virginia south to Florida and west to Texas and Missouri. The plant grows as a deciduous shrub or tree up to 6 metres (20 ft) high, and is most commonly found in upland forests of the southeast's piedmont. As the specific epithet suggests, the species has larger leaves than sympatric Styracaceae, with alternate, obovate leaves up to 14 cm long and 10 cm wide that are densely pubescent underneath. Flowers are borne during early summer in racemes containing up to 20 flowers.

<i>Matelea reticulata</i> Species of flowering plant

Matelea reticulata, commonly called netted milkvine, is a species of flowering plant in the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). It is native North America, where it is endemic to the U.S. state of Texas. Its natural habitat is in thickets on rocky hillsides.

<i>Lonicera flava</i> Species of honeysuckle native to the eastern United States

Lonicera flava is a species of honeysuckle native to the central and eastern United States. It is a woody vine with yellow-orange flowers that are slightly fragrant.

References

  1. "Thyrsanthella (Baill.) Pichon | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  2. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Trachelospermum difforme". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Weakley, Alan S. (Nov 2012). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States (PDF). Chapel Hill, NC, USA: The University of North Carolina Herbarium. p. 862. Retrieved 5 Oct 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Will Cook. "Climbing Dogbane (Thyrsanthella difformis)". Will Cook. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
  5. "Trachelospermum difforme (Walter) A. Gray". USDA. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
  6. "Forsteronia difformis (Walt.) A. DC". Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
  7. Livshultz, Tatyana; Middleton, David J.; Endress, Mary E.; Williams, Justin K. (July 2007). "Phylogeny of Apocynoideae and the APSA Clade (Apocynaceae s.l.)". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 94 (2): 324–359. doi:10.3417/0026-6493(2007)94[324:POAATA]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR   40035747. S2CID   84692326 . Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  8. "Climbing Dogbane Trachelospermum difforme". Dave's Garden. Retrieved June 18, 2015.