Apocynoideae

Apocynoideae
Apocynum venetum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Gentianales
Family:	Apocynaceae
Subfamily:	Apocynoideae Burnett [1]
Tribes [2]
Apocyneae Echiteae Baisseeae Malouetieae Mesechiteae Wrightieae

Apocynoideae is a subfamily of the flowering plant family Apocynaceae (order Gentianales), also called the 'dogbane' or milkweed family, containing about 860 species across 78 genera. Several are of pharmacological interest; Strophanthus has furnished highly effective arrow poisons, due to their cardiac glycoside content. ^[3] Apocynoideae also includes many popular landscaping and ornamental species, one of the best-known, and most infamous, being the oleander ( Nerium oleander ); the subfamily also contains remarkable pachycaul genera like Adenium and Pachypodium .

Strophanthus speciosus

Nerium oleander

Chonemorpha fragrans

Pentalinon luteum

Genera

Tribe Apocyneae (24 genera) Beaumontia Wall. (5 species) - Indomalayan Parepigynum Tsiang & P.T.Li - S China Vallaris Burm.f. - Indomalayan Anodendron A.DC. - Indomalayan, Oceanian Ixodonerium Pit. - Vietnam Papuechites Markgr. - Oceanian Amphineurion (A.DC.) Pichon - Indomalayan Sindechites Oliv. - S China, Indochina Streptoechites D.J. Middleton & Livsh. - S China, Indochina Apocynum L. - Holarctic Cleghornia Wight - Indomalayan Aganonerion Pierre ex Spire - Indochina Parameria Benth. - China, Indochina Urceola Roxb. - Indomalayan, Oceanian Chonemorpha G.Don - Indomalayan Trachelospermum Lem. - Indomalayan Vallariopsis Woodson - Malesia Aganosma (Blume) G.Don - Indomalayan Amalocalyx Pierre - S China, Indochina Baharuia D.J.Middleton - Malesia Epigynum Wight - Indomalayan Ichnocarpus R.Br. - Indomalayan Micrechites Miq. - Indomalayan, Oceanian Pottsia Hook. & Arn. [4] - Indomalayan Tribe Baisseeae (4 genera) Baissea A.DC. (18 species) - Afrotropical Dewevrella De Wild. - W Africa Motandra A.DC. - Afrotropical Oncinotis Benth. (7 species) - Afrotropical Tribe Echiteae (23 genera) Angadenia Miers - Caribbean Pentalinon Voigt - Neotropical Salpinctes Woodson Asketanthera Woodson - Caribbean Macropharynx Rusby - S America Peltastes Woodson - S America Temnadenia Miers - S America Bahiella J.F.Morales - Brazil Echites P.Browne - Neotropical Fernaldia Woodson - C America Hylaea J.F.Morales - S America Laubertia A.DC. - Neotropical Prestonia R.Br. (63 species) - Neotropical Artia Guillaumin (5 species) - New Caledonia Ecua D.J.Middleton (1 species) - Indonesia

Parsonsia R.Br. (120 species; could belong to Periplocoideae) - Indomalayan, Oceanian Thenardia Kunth (3 species) - C America Thoreauea J.K.Williams [5] (3 species) - S Mexico Tribe Malouetieae (13 genera) Allowoodsonia Markgr. (1 species) - Solomon Islands Carruthersia Seem. (4 species) - Philippines, Oceania Eucorymbia Stapf (1 species) - Sundaland Funtumia Stapf (2 species) - Afrotropical Galactophora Woodson (6 species) - S America Holarrhena R.Br. (5 species) - Indomalayan Kibatalia G.Don (15 species) - Indomalayan, Sulawesi Malouetia A.DC. (31 species) - Pantropical Mascarenhasia A.DC. (8 species) - Madagascar Neobracea Britton (8 species) - Caribbean Pachypodium Lindl. (18 to 25 species) - Afrotropical Spirolobium Baill. [6] (1 species) - Sundaland Tribe Mesechiteae (5 genera) Allomarkgrafia Woodson (9 species) - Neotropical Forsteronia G.Mey. (45 species) - Neotropical Mandevilla Lindl. (115 species) - Neotropical Mesechites Müll.Arg. (8 species) - Neotropical Tintinnabularia Woodson [7] (3 species) - C America Tribe Nerieae (6 genera) Adenium Roem. & Schult. (5 species) - Afrotropical Alafia Thouars (26 species) - Afrotropical Farquharia Stapf (1 species) - Afrotropical Isonema R.Br. (3 species) - W Africa Nerium L. (1 species) - Mediterranean Strophanthus DC. (39 species) - Paleotropical Tribe Odontadenieae (7 genera) Cycladenia Benth. (1 species) - Southwestern North America Elytropus Müll.Arg. (1 species) - Chile, Argentina Odontadenia Benth. (20 species) - Neotropical Pinochia B.F.Hansen & M.E.Endress (4 species) - Neotropical Secondatia A.DC. (5 species) - Neotropical Stipecoma Müll.Arg. (1 species) - Bolivia, Brazil Thyrsanthella (Baill.) Pichon (1 species) - Eastern North America Tribe Rhabdadenieae (1 genus) Rhabdadenia Müll.Arg. (3 species) - Nearctic Tribe Wrightieae (3 genera) Pleioceras Baill. (5 species) - Afrotropical Stephanostema K.Schum. (1 species) - Tanzania Wrightia R.Br. (23 species) [8] - Paleotropical

Gallery

• 
  Adenium obesum
• 
  Urceola polymorpha
• 
  Aganosma cymosa
• 
  Alafia caudata subsp. latiloba
• 
  Amphineurion marginatum
• 
  Beaumontia grandiflora
• 
  Chonemorpha fragrans side view of flowers
• 
  Cycladenia humilis var. jonesii
• 
  Echites umbellatus
• 
  Elytropus chilensis
• 
  Echites panduratus (harvested, edible, hairy flowers)
• 
  Funtumia elastica , former rubber source
• 
  Holarrhena pubescens
• 
  Holarrhena pubescens (detail)
• 
  Ichnocarpus frutescens
• 
  Kibatalia blancoi
• 
  Mandevilla sanderi
• 
  Mascarenhasia arborescens , former rubber source
• 
  Mesechites trifida
• 
  Odontadenia macrantha
• 
  Pachypodium lamerei , a pachycaul species
• 
  Pachypodium lamerei , close-up
• 
  Parsonsia diaphanophleba
• 
  Parsonsia diaphanophleba, single flower
• 
  Parsonsia straminea
• 
  Prestonia coalita
• 
  Rhabdadenia madida
• 
  Stephanostema stenocarpa (flowers v. small relative to foliage)
• 
  Strophanthus speciosus
• 
  Temnadenia odorifera
• 
  Thyrsanthella difformis
• 
  Urceola elastica
• 
  Vallaris glabra
• 
  Wrightia tinctoria

References

1. Reveal, J.L. (2012). "Newly required infrafamilial names mandated by changes in the Code of Nomenclature For Algae, Fungi, and Plants". Phytoneuron. 33: 1–32. ISSN   2153-733X.
2. "Family: Apocynaceae Juss., nom. cons. subfam. Apocynoideae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-04-12. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
3. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Strophanthus"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1041–1042.
4. "GRIN Genera of Apocynaceae tribe Apocyneae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
5. "GRIN Genera of Apocynaceae tribe Echiteae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
6. "GRIN Genera of Apocynaceae tribe Malouetieae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
7. "GRIN Genera of Apocynaceae tribe Mesechiteae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
8. "GRIN Genera of Apocynaceae tribe Wrightieae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-11-26.