Parsonsia

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Parsonsia
Parsonsia heterophylla 11.JPG
Parsonsia heterophylla
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Subfamily: Apocynoideae
Tribe: Echiteae
Genus: Parsonsia
R.Br.
Species

See text

Parsonsia Dist GBI.png
Occurrence data for Parsonsia (GBIF)
Synonyms [1]
  • ChaetosusBenth.
  • DelphyodonK.Schum.
  • GastranthusF.Muell.
  • GrisseeaBakh.f.
  • HelicandraHook. & Arn.
  • HeligmeBlume
  • HelygaBlume
  • HelygiaBlume
  • HeylygiaG.Don
  • LyonsiaR.Br.
  • SpirostemonGriff.

Parsonsia is a genus of woody vines in the family Apocynaceae. Species occur throughout Indomalaya, Australasia and Melanesia. [1]

Contents

Description

The leaves are opposite, the shape and size of juvenile leaves often bearing little resemblance to the adult leaves. [2] The latex may be clear and colourless, pale yellow or milky white. [2] The flowers are green, white, cream, yellow, orange, red, pink or brown, sometimes with contrasting markings. These are followed by elongated pod-like capsules, the two follicles eventually separating to reveal numerous seeds with long, silky hairs. [2]

Taxonomy

The genus was named and described in 1810 by botanist Robert Brown in his paper On the Asclepiadeae published in Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society . [3] He named the genus in honour of James Parsons (1705–1770), an English physician and Fellow of the Royal Society. [4]

The generic name Parsonsia R.Br. (1810) is conserved against the earlier homonym Parsonsia P.Browne which was given to a genus in the family Lythraceae. The latter genus is now included in Cuphea . [5]

Parsonsia is closely related to Artia and Prestonia. [6] [7]

Species

Parsonsia brownii Parsonsia brownii.jpg
Parsonsia brownii
Parsonsia brownii Parsonsia brownii 02.jpg
Parsonsia brownii

Accepted species [1]

  1. Parsonsia affinis Baill. – New Caledonia
  2. Parsonsia alboflavescens (Dennst.) Mabb. – China, Taiwan, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Australia. [3] [8] [9]
  3. Parsonsia apiculata D.J.Middleton
  4. Parsonsia aneityensis Guillaumin – Vanuatu
  5. Parsonsia apiculata (Bakh.f.) D.J.Middleton – Java, Bali
  6. Parsonsia appressa D.J.Middleton – Papua New Guinea [9]
  7. Parsonsia bartlensis J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  8. Parsonsia blakeana J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  9. Parsonsia brachiata Baillon ex Guillaumin – New Caledonia [10]
  10. Parsonsia brisbanensis J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  11. Parsonsia brownii (Britten) Pichon – SE Australia [3]
  12. Parsonsia buruensis (Teijsm. & Binn.) Boerl. – Maluku, Papua New Guinea [9]
  13. Parsonsia capsularis (Forster f.) R. Br. – New Zealand [11]
  14. Parsonsia catalpicarpa – New Caledonia [10]
  15. Parsonsia celebica (Oliv.) Sleesen – W Malaysia, Borneo, Sulawesi
  16. Parsonsia constricta D.J.Middleton – W New Guinea
  17. Parsonsia crebriflora Baill. – New Caledonia [10]
  18. Parsonsia curvisepala K. Schum. – Perak, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Philippines [9] [12]
  19. Parsonsia densiflora D.J.Middleton – Papua New Guinea [9]
  20. Parsonsia densivestita C.T.White – Queensland [3]
  21. Parsonsia diaphanophleba F.Muell. – Western Australia [3]
  22. Parsonsia dorrigoensis J.B.Williams – New South Wales [3]
  23. Parsonsia edulis (G. Benn.) Guillaumin – New Caledonia [10]
  24. Parsonsia effusa S. Moore – New Caledonia [10]
  25. Parsonsia eucalyptophylla F.Muell. – E Australia [3]
  26. Parsonsia ferruginea J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  27. Parsonsia flavescens Merr. & L.M. Perry – New Guinea [9] [13]
  28. Parsonsia flexilis Baill. – New Caledonia [10]
  29. Parsonsia flexuosa Baill. – New Caledonia [10]
  30. Parsonsia franchetii Baill. ex Guillaumin – New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands [10]
  31. Parsonsia fulva S.T.Blake – Queensland, NSW [3]
  32. Parsonsia goniostemon Hand.-Mazz. – Guangxi [8]
  33. Parsonsia grandiflora D.J.Middleton [3] – Bacan I in Maluku [14]
  34. Parsonsia grayana J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  35. Parsonsia hebetica Markgr. – Papua New Guinea [9]
  36. Parsonsia × heterocapsa Allan – New Zealand
  37. Parsonsia heterophylla A. Cunn. – New Zealand [11]
  38. Parsonsia howeana J.B.Williams – Lord Howe Island [3]
  39. Parsonsia inae Guillaumin – Vanuatu
  40. Parsonsia induplicata F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW [3]
  41. Parsonsia kimberleyensis J.B.Williams – Western Australia [3]
  42. Parsonsia kroombitensis J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  43. Parsonsia laevis – Fiji, Vanuatu [13] [15]
  44. Parsonsia lanceolata R.Br. – Queensland, NSW [3]
  45. Parsonsia langiana F.Muell. – Queensland [3]
  46. Parsonsia larcomensis J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  47. Parsonsia largiflorens (F.Muell. ex Benth.) S.T.Blake – Queensland, NSW [3]
  48. Parsonsia lata Markgr.- Maluku, New Guinea, Solomon Is [16] [9]
  49. Parsonsia latifolia (Benth.) S.T.Blake – Queensland [3]
  50. Parsonsia laxiflora Guillaumin – New Caledonia [10]
  51. Parsonsia leichhardtii F.Muell. – Queensland [3]
  52. Parsonsia lenticellata C.T.White – Queensland [3]
  53. Parsonsia lilacina F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW
  54. Parsonsia longiflora Guillaumin – New Caledonia [10]
  55. Parsonsia longiloba D.J.Middleton – New Ireland
  56. Parsonsia longipetiolata J.B.Williams – Queensland, NSW [3]
  57. Parsonsia macrophylla Pichon ex Guillaumin. – New Caledonia [10]
  58. Parsonsia marginata Markgr. – New Guinea
  59. Parsonsia novoguinensis D.J.Middleton – New Guinea [9]
  60. Parsonsia oligantha (K.Schum.) D.J.Middleton – New Guinea [9]
  61. Parsonsia pachycarpa Guillaumin – New Caledonia [10]
  62. Parsonsia paulforsteri J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  63. Parsonsia pedunculata Markgr. – Bismarck Archipelago [9]
  64. Parsonsia penangiana King & Gamble – Penang, Thailand
  65. Parsonsia philippinensis Merr. – Philippines, Java, Borneo, W Malaysia, Thailand
  66. Parsonsia plaesiophylla S.T.Blake – Queensland [3]
  67. Parsonsia populifolia Baill. – New Caledonia [10]
  68. Parsonsia praeruptis Heads & P.J.de Lange – North I of New Zealand
  69. Parsonsia purpurascens J.B.Williams – New South Wales [3]
  70. Parsonsia rotata Maiden & Betche – Queensland, NSW [3]
  71. Parsonsia rubra Kaneh. & Hatus. J. – Maluku, New Guinea [9] [13]
  72. Parsonsia sanguinea Markgr. – New Guinea [3] [9] [13]
  73. Parsonsia sankowskyana J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  74. Parsonsia scabra (Labill.) Markgr. – New Caledonia [10]
  75. Parsonsia schoddei D.J.Middleton – Papua New Guinea [9]
  76. Parsonsia smithii Markgr. – Vanua Levu in Fiji
  77. Parsonsia straminea (R.Br.) F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW [3]
  78. Parsonsia sundensis D.J.Middleton [3] – East Timor [17]
  79. Parsonsia tenuiflora D.J.Middleton [3] – W New Guinea
  80. Parsonsia tenuis S.T.Blake – Queensland, NSW [3]
  81. Parsonsia terminaliifolia Guillaumin – New Caledonia [10]
  82. Parsonsia vaccinoides Markgr. – W New Guinea [9]
  83. Parsonsia velutina R.Br. – Timor, Maluku, Australia, New Guinea [3] [9]
  84. Parsonsia ventricosa F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW [3]
  85. Parsonsia warenensis Kanehira & Hatusima – Papua New Guinea [9]
  86. Parsonsia wildensis J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  87. Parsonsia wongabelensis J.B.Williams- Queensland [3]
formerly included [1]
  1. Parsonsia balansaeBaill. = Artia balansae (Baill.) Pichon ex Guillaumin
  2. Parsonsia barbataBlume = Parameria laevigata (Juss.) Moldenke
  3. Parsonsia brachycarpaBaill. = Artia brachycarpa (Baill.) Boiteau
  4. Parsonsia bracteataHook. & Arn. = Mandevilla pentlandiana (DC.) Woodson
  5. Parsonsia corymbosa(Jacq.) R.Br. ex Steud. = Pinochia corymbosa (Jacq.) M.E.Endress & B.F.Hansen
  6. Parsonsia diversifolia(Warb.) Markgr. = Lyonsia diversifolia Warb.
  7. Parsonsia floribunda(Sw.) R.Br. ex Steud. = Pinochia floribunda (Sw.) M.E.Endress & B.F.Hansen
  8. Parsonsia franciiGuillaumin = Artia francii (Guillaumin) Pichon
  9. Parsonsia galeottianaBaill. = Thenardia galeottiana Baill.
  10. Parsonsia javanicaBlume 1826 not (Blume) K. Schum 1895 = Urceola javanica (Blume) Boerl.
  11. Parsonsia leptocarpaHook. & Arn. = Forsteronia leptocarpa (Hook. & Arn.) A.DC.
  12. Parsonsia lifuanaBaill. = Artia lifuana(Baill.) Pichon ex Guillaumin
  13. Parsonsia myrtifolia(Poir.) Roem. & Schult. = Landolphia myrtifolia (Poir.) Markgr.
  14. Parsonsia ovataWall. ex G.Don = Pottsia laxiflora (Blume) Kuntze
  15. Parsonsia spicata(Jacq.) R.Br. ex Steud. = Forsteronia spicata (Jacq.) G.Mey.

Cultivation

A species from New Zealand, Parsonsia variablis (Variable-leaved Parsonsia), was introduced into cultivation in England in 1847 as a greenhouse plant and was noted to have a sweet scent, however the flowers were regarded as "not very showy". [18] This species is thought to be a form of Parsonsia heterophylla. [11]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families" . Retrieved May 18, 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 "Genus Parsonsia". PlantNET – New South Wales Flora Online. Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney Australia. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 "Parsonsia". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  4. ↑ Bennett, John J. (1850). The Miscellaneous Botanical Works of Robert Brown: Vol.II . Retrieved 2009-05-21.
  5. ↑ "Genus: Parsonsia P. Browne". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
  6. ↑ Livshultz, T., D. J. Middleton, M. E. Endress, and J. K. Williams.(2007) Phylogeny of Apocynoideae and the APSA Clade (Apocynaceae S.l.). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 94, no. 2: 324–59.
  7. ↑ Morales, J.F.; Endress, M.E.; Liede-Schumann, S. (2017) Sex, drugs and pupusas: Disentangling relationships in Echiteae (Apocynaceae). Taxon 66 (3): 623–644. https://doi.org/10.12705/663.7
  8. 1 2 "Parsonsia". Flora of China. efloras.org. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Conn, Barry J. "Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea". Plants of Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea National Herbarium and the National Herbarium of New South Wales #. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Genre Parsonsia R.Br". Endémía – Faune & Flore de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  11. 1 2 3 "Flora of New Zealand: PARSONSIA R. Br., 1809" . Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  12. ↑ "Parsonsia curvisepala". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  13. 1 2 3 4 "Indonesian Biodiversity Information System (IBIS) online". Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  14. ↑ "Parsonsia grandiflora D.J. Middleton". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Gardens. Retrieved 2009-05-31.
  15. ↑ "Parsonsia laevis". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  16. ↑ "Parsonsia lata". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  17. ↑ "Parsonsia curvisepala". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-31.
  18. ↑ Moore, Thomas; William P. Ayres (1850). Gardeners' Magazine of Botany, Horticulture, Floriculture, and Natural Science. 1. William S. Orr and Co.: 120.{{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
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