Parsonsia

Last updated

Parsonsia
Parsonsia heterophylla 11.JPG
Parsonsia heterophylla
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Subfamily: Apocynoideae
Tribe: Echiteae
Genus: Parsonsia
R.Br.
Species

See text

Parsonsia Dist GBI.png
Occurrence data for Parsonsia (GBIF)
Synonyms [1]
  • ChaetosusBenth.
  • DelphyodonK.Schum.
  • GastranthusF.Muell.
  • GrisseeaBakh.f.
  • HelicandraHook. & Arn.
  • HeligmeBlume
  • HelygaBlume
  • HelygiaBlume
  • HeylygiaG.Don
  • LyonsiaR.Br.
  • SpirostemonGriff.

Parsonsia is a genus of woody vines in the family Apocynaceae. Species occur throughout Indomalaya, Australasia and Melanesia. [1]

Contents

Description

The leaves are opposite, the shape and size of juvenile leaves often bearing little resemblance to the adult leaves. [2] The latex may be clear and colourless, pale yellow or milky white. [2] The flowers are green, white, cream, yellow, orange, red, pink or brown, sometimes with contrasting markings. These are followed by elongated pod-like capsules, the two follicles eventually separating to reveal numerous seeds with long, silky hairs. [2]

Taxonomy

The genus was named and described in 1810 by botanist Robert Brown in his paper On the Asclepiadeae published in Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society . [3] He named the genus in honour of James Parsons (1705–1770), an English physician and Fellow of the Royal Society. [4]

The generic name Parsonsia R.Br. (1810) is conserved against the earlier homonym Parsonsia P.Browne which was given to a genus in the family Lythraceae. The latter genus is now included in Cuphea . [5]

Parsonsia is closely related to Artia and Prestonia. [6] [7]

Species

Parsonsia brownii Parsonsia brownii.jpg
Parsonsia brownii
Parsonsia brownii Parsonsia brownii 02.jpg
Parsonsia brownii

Accepted species [1]

  1. Parsonsia affinis Baill. – New Caledonia
  2. Parsonsia alboflavescens (Dennst.) Mabb. – China, Taiwan, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Australia. [3] [8] [9]
  3. Parsonsia apiculata D.J.Middleton
  4. Parsonsia aneityensis Guillaumin – Vanuatu
  5. Parsonsia apiculata (Bakh.f.) D.J.Middleton – Java, Bali
  6. Parsonsia appressa D.J.Middleton – Papua New Guinea [9]
  7. Parsonsia bartlensis J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  8. Parsonsia blakeana J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  9. Parsonsia brachiata Baillon ex Guillaumin – New Caledonia [10]
  10. Parsonsia brisbanensis J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  11. Parsonsia brownii (Britten) Pichon – SE Australia [3]
  12. Parsonsia buruensis (Teijsm. & Binn.) Boerl. – Maluku, Papua New Guinea [9]
  13. Parsonsia capsularis (Forster f.) R. Br. – New Zealand [11]
  14. Parsonsia catalpicarpa – New Caledonia [10]
  15. Parsonsia celebica (Oliv.) Sleesen – W Malaysia, Borneo, Sulawesi
  16. Parsonsia constricta D.J.Middleton – W New Guinea
  17. Parsonsia crebriflora Baill. – New Caledonia [10]
  18. Parsonsia curvisepala K. Schum. – Perak, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Philippines [9] [12]
  19. Parsonsia densiflora D.J.Middleton – Papua New Guinea [9]
  20. Parsonsia densivestita C.T.White – Queensland [3]
  21. Parsonsia diaphanophleba F.Muell. – Western Australia [3]
  22. Parsonsia dorrigoensis J.B.Williams – New South Wales [3]
  23. Parsonsia edulis (G. Benn.) Guillaumin – New Caledonia [10]
  24. Parsonsia effusa S. Moore – New Caledonia [10]
  25. Parsonsia eucalyptophylla F.Muell. – E Australia [3]
  26. Parsonsia ferruginea J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  27. Parsonsia flavescens Merr. & L.M. Perry – New Guinea [9] [13]
  28. Parsonsia flexilis Baill. – New Caledonia [10]
  29. Parsonsia flexuosa Baill. – New Caledonia [10]
  30. Parsonsia franchetii Baill. ex Guillaumin – New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands [10]
  31. Parsonsia fulva S.T.Blake – Queensland, NSW [3]
  32. Parsonsia goniostemon Hand.-Mazz. – Guangxi [8]
  33. Parsonsia grandiflora D.J.Middleton [3] – Bacan I in Maluku [14]
  34. Parsonsia grayana J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  35. Parsonsia hebetica Markgr. – Papua New Guinea [9]
  36. Parsonsia × heterocapsa Allan – New Zealand
  37. Parsonsia heterophylla A. Cunn. – New Zealand [11]
  38. Parsonsia howeana J.B.Williams – Lord Howe Island [3]
  39. Parsonsia inae Guillaumin – Vanuatu
  40. Parsonsia induplicata F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW [3]
  41. Parsonsia kimberleyensis J.B.Williams – Western Australia [3]
  42. Parsonsia kroombitensis J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  43. Parsonsia laevis – Fiji, Vanuatu [13] [15]
  44. Parsonsia lanceolata R.Br. – Queensland, NSW [3]
  45. Parsonsia langiana F.Muell. – Queensland [3]
  46. Parsonsia larcomensis J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  47. Parsonsia largiflorens (F.Muell. ex Benth.) S.T.Blake – Queensland, NSW [3]
  48. Parsonsia lata Markgr.- Maluku, New Guinea, Solomon Is [16] [9]
  49. Parsonsia latifolia (Benth.) S.T.Blake – Queensland [3]
  50. Parsonsia laxiflora Guillaumin – New Caledonia [10]
  51. Parsonsia leichhardtii F.Muell. – Queensland [3]
  52. Parsonsia lenticellata C.T.White – Queensland [3]
  53. Parsonsia lilacina F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW
  54. Parsonsia longiflora Guillaumin – New Caledonia [10]
  55. Parsonsia longiloba D.J.Middleton – New Ireland
  56. Parsonsia longipetiolata J.B.Williams – Queensland, NSW [3]
  57. Parsonsia macrophylla Pichon ex Guillaumin. – New Caledonia [10]
  58. Parsonsia marginata Markgr. – New Guinea
  59. Parsonsia novoguinensis D.J.Middleton – New Guinea [9]
  60. Parsonsia oligantha (K.Schum.) D.J.Middleton – New Guinea [9]
  61. Parsonsia pachycarpa Guillaumin – New Caledonia [10]
  62. Parsonsia paulforsteri J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  63. Parsonsia pedunculata Markgr. – Bismarck Archipelago [9]
  64. Parsonsia penangiana King & Gamble – Penang, Thailand
  65. Parsonsia philippinensis Merr. – Philippines, Java, Borneo, W Malaysia, Thailand
  66. Parsonsia plaesiophylla S.T.Blake – Queensland [3]
  67. Parsonsia populifolia Baill. – New Caledonia [10]
  68. Parsonsia praeruptis Heads & P.J.de Lange – North I of New Zealand
  69. Parsonsia purpurascens J.B.Williams – New South Wales [3]
  70. Parsonsia rotata Maiden & Betche – Queensland, NSW [3]
  71. Parsonsia rubra Kaneh. & Hatus. J. – Maluku, New Guinea [9] [13]
  72. Parsonsia sanguinea Markgr. – New Guinea [3] [9] [13]
  73. Parsonsia sankowskyana J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  74. Parsonsia scabra (Labill.) Markgr. – New Caledonia [10]
  75. Parsonsia schoddei D.J.Middleton – Papua New Guinea [9]
  76. Parsonsia smithii Markgr. – Vanua Levu in Fiji
  77. Parsonsia straminea (R.Br.) F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW [3]
  78. Parsonsia sundensis D.J.Middleton [3] – East Timor [17]
  79. Parsonsia tenuiflora D.J.Middleton [3] – W New Guinea
  80. Parsonsia tenuis S.T.Blake – Queensland, NSW [3]
  81. Parsonsia terminaliifolia Guillaumin – New Caledonia [10]
  82. Parsonsia vaccinoides Markgr. – W New Guinea [9]
  83. Parsonsia velutina R.Br. – Timor, Maluku, Australia, New Guinea [3] [9]
  84. Parsonsia ventricosa F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW [3]
  85. Parsonsia warenensis Kanehira & Hatusima – Papua New Guinea [9]
  86. Parsonsia wildensis J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
  87. Parsonsia wongabelensis J.B.Williams- Queensland [3]
formerly included [1]
  1. Parsonsia balansaeBaill. = Artia balansae (Baill.) Pichon ex Guillaumin
  2. Parsonsia barbataBlume = Parameria laevigata (Juss.) Moldenke
  3. Parsonsia brachycarpaBaill. = Artia brachycarpa (Baill.) Boiteau
  4. Parsonsia bracteataHook. & Arn. = Mandevilla pentlandiana (DC.) Woodson
  5. Parsonsia corymbosa(Jacq.) R.Br. ex Steud. = Pinochia corymbosa (Jacq.) M.E.Endress & B.F.Hansen
  6. Parsonsia diversifolia(Warb.) Markgr. = Lyonsia diversifolia Warb.
  7. Parsonsia floribunda(Sw.) R.Br. ex Steud. = Pinochia floribunda (Sw.) M.E.Endress & B.F.Hansen
  8. Parsonsia franciiGuillaumin = Artia francii (Guillaumin) Pichon
  9. Parsonsia galeottianaBaill. = Thenardia galeottiana Baill.
  10. Parsonsia javanicaBlume 1826 not (Blume) K. Schum 1895 = Urceola javanica (Blume) Boerl.
  11. Parsonsia leptocarpaHook. & Arn. = Forsteronia leptocarpa (Hook. & Arn.) A.DC.
  12. Parsonsia lifuanaBaill. = Artia lifuana(Baill.) Pichon ex Guillaumin
  13. Parsonsia myrtifolia(Poir.) Roem. & Schult. = Landolphia myrtifolia (Poir.) Markgr.
  14. Parsonsia ovataWall. ex G.Don = Pottsia laxiflora (Blume) Kuntze
  15. Parsonsia spicata(Jacq.) R.Br. ex Steud. = Forsteronia spicata (Jacq.) G.Mey.

Cultivation

A species from New Zealand, Parsonsia variablis (Variable-leaved Parsonsia), was introduced into cultivation in England in 1847 as a greenhouse plant and was noted to have a sweet scent, however the flowers were regarded as "not very showy". [18] This species is thought to be a form of Parsonsia heterophylla. [11]

Related Research Articles

<i>Alstonia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Alstonia is a widespread genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, of the family Apocynaceae. It was named by Robert Brown in 1811, after Charles Alston (1685–1760), professor of botany at Edinburgh from 1716 to 1760.

<i>Alyxia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Alyxia is an Australasian genus of flowering plant in the dogbane family, Apocynaceae. It contains at present 106 species, but Alyxia stellata and A. tisserantii are very variable, might be cryptic species complexes, and are need of further study. It consists of shrubby, climbing or scrambling plants. This genus occurs in China, the Himalayas, Southeast Asia, Australia, New Caledonia and the Pacific Islands. There are 14 species in Australia, 21 in New Caledonia and 7 in the other Pacific Islands, including Hawaiʻi.

<i>Antidesma</i> Genus of flowering plants

Antidesma is a genus of tropical plant in the family Phyllanthaceae formally described by Linnaeus in 1753. It is native to tropical Africa, S + E + SE Asia, Australia, and various oceanic islands. The greatest diversity occurs in Southeast Asia.

<i>Canarium</i> Genus of trees

Canarium is a genus of about 100 species of tropical and subtropical trees, in the family Burseraceae. They grow naturally across tropical Africa, south and southeast Asia, Indochina, Malesia, Australia and western Pacific Islands; including from southern Nigeria east to Madagascar, Mauritius, Sri Lanka and India; from Burma, Malaysia and Thailand through the Malay Peninsula and Vietnam to south China, Taiwan and the Philippines; through Borneo, Indonesia, Timor and New Guinea, through to the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga and Palau.

<i>Rauvolfia</i> Family of shrubs and trees

Rauvolfia is a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, commonly known as devil peppers, in the family Apocynaceae. The genus is named to honor Leonhard Rauwolf. The genus can mainly be found in tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and various oceanic islands.

<i>Melodinus</i> Genus of plants

Melodinus is a genus of plant in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1776. It is native to Indomalaya, Meganesia and various islands in the western Pacific. A type of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids called melodinines can be isolated from Melodinus plants.

<i>Ochrosia</i> Genus of plants

Ochrosia is a genus of flowering plants, first described in 1789. It is in the family Apocynaceae, native to Southeast Asia, Australia, and various islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

  1. Ochrosia ackeringae(Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq. – Indonesia, Philippines, Papuasia, Christmas Island
  2. Ochrosia acuminataTrimen ex Valeton – Sulawesi
  3. Ochrosia alyxioidesGuillaumin – Vanuatu
  4. Ochrosia apoensisElmer – Luzon, Mindanao
  5. Ochrosia balansae(Guillaumin) Baill. ex Guillaumin – New Caledonia
  6. Ochrosia basistaminaHendrian – Sulawesi
  7. Ochrosia bodenheimarumGuillaumin – Vallée de la Toutouta in New Caledonia
  8. Ochrosia borbonicaJ.F.Gmel. – Mauritius + Réunion; naturalized in Guangdong
  9. Ochrosia brevitubaBoiteau – New Caledonia
  10. Ochrosia brownii(Fosberg & Sachet) Lorence & Butaud – Nuku Hiva in Marquesas
  11. Ochrosia citrodoraK.Schum. & Lauterb. – New Guinea
  12. Ochrosia coccinea(Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq. – Maluku, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Solomon Islands; naturalized in Guangdong
  13. Ochrosia comptaK.Schum., Hōlei – Hawaii
  14. Ochrosia ellipticaLabill. – Lord Howe Island, Queensland, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Nauru; naturalized in Guangdong + Taiwan
  15. Ochrosia fatuhivensisFosberg & Sachet – Fatu Hiva in Marquesas but extinct
  16. Ochrosia ficifolia(S.Moore) Markgr. – New Guinea
  17. Ochrosia glomerata(Blume) F.Muell. – Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines, Maluku, New Guinea, Solomon Islands
  18. Ochrosia grandifloraBoit. – New Caledonia
  19. Ochrosia haleakalaeH.St.John, Hōlei – Maui + island of Hawaiʻi in Hawaiian Islands
  20. Ochrosia hexandraKoidz. – Kazan-retto
  21. Ochrosia inventorumL.Allorge – New Caledonia
  22. Ochrosia iwasakiana(Koidz.) Koidz. ex Masam.
  23. Ochrosia kauaiensisH.St.John, Hōlei – Kauaʻi in Hawaiian Islands
  24. †Ochrosia kilaueaensisH.St.John, Hōlei – island of Hawaiʻi in Hawaiian Islands, but extinct
  25. Ochrosia kilneriF.Muell. – Queensland
  26. Ochrosia lifuanaGuillaumin – Loyalty Islands + Isle of Pines in New Caledonia
  27. Ochrosia mariannensisA.DC. – Mariana Islands
  28. Ochrosia mianaBaill. ex Guillaumin – New Caledonia
  29. Ochrosia minima(Markgr.) Fosberg & Boiteau – Queensland, Papua New Guinea
  30. Ochrosia moorei(F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. – Queensland, New South Wales
  31. Ochrosia mulsantiiMontrouz. – New Caledonia
  32. Ochrosia nakaiana(Koidz.) Koidz. ex H.Hara – Ogasawara-shoto
  33. Ochrosia newellianaF.M.Bailey – Queensland
  34. Ochrosia novocaledonicaDäniker – New Caledonia
  35. Ochrosia oppositifolia(Lam.) K.Schum. – Seychelles, Chagos Islands, Sri Lanka, Maldive Islands, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Vietnam, W Malaysia, Indonesia, Papuasia, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis & Futuna, French Polynesia, Line Islands, Micronesia
  36. Ochrosia poweriF.M.Bailey – Queensland, New South Wales
  37. Ochrosia sciadophyllaMarkgr – Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands
  38. Ochrosia sevenetiiBoiteau – New Guinea
  39. Ochrosia silvaticaDäniker – New Caledonia
  40. Ochrosia solomonensis(Merr. & L.M.Perry) Fosberg & Boiteau – Solomon Islands
  41. Ochrosia syncarpaMarkgr. – Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores
  42. Ochrosia tahitensisLaness. ex Pichon – Tahiti
  43. Ochrosia tenimberensisMarkgr. – Tanimbar Islands
  1. Ochrosia nukuhivensisFosberg & Sachet = Rauvolfia nukuhivensis(Fosberg & Sachet) Lorence & Butaud
  2. Ochrosia sandwicensisA.DC. = Rauvolfia sandwicensisA.DC.
  3. Ochrosia tuberculata(Vahl) Pichon = Rauvolfia sandwicensisA.DC.
<i>Xanthostemon</i> Genus of flowering plants

Xanthostemon is a genus of plants in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, first described in 1857 by the German–born Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller. The genus is distributed across Malesia, Papuasia and northern Australia. The genera Pleurocalyptus and Purpureostemon from New Caledonia are morphologically close to Xanthostemon.

<i>Zygogynum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Zygogynum is a genus of plant in the winter's bark family Winteraceae. 19 species are native to New Caledonia, and are pollinated primarily by beetles and moths. Other species are native to New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, Lord Howe Island, and Queensland.

<i>Lepidosperma</i> Genus of grass-like plants

Lepidosperma is a genus of flowering plant of the family Cyperaceae. Most of the species are endemic to Australia, with others native to southern China, southeast Asia, New Guinea, New Caledonia and New Zealand.

<i>Quintinia</i> Genus of plants

Quintinia is a genus of about 25 evergreen trees and shrubs native to the Philippines, New Guinea, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Australia. Plants have alternate leaves. White or lilac flowers form at the end of stalks or on leaf axils. The fruiting body is a capsule, usually containing a large number of tiny seeds. The genus is named after the gardener Jean-Baptiste de la Quintinie.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rauvolfioideae</span> Subfamily of flowering plants

Rauvolfioideae is a subfamily of the flowering plant family Apocynaceae. Many species are woody lianas, others are shrubs or perennial herbs.

Coelospermum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The natural range of the genus is parts of southern China, Malesia, Papuasia, Australia and New Caledonia.

Micrechites is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1857. It is native to China, the eastern Himalayas, Southeast Asia, Papuasia, and Queensland.

Artia is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1941. The entire group is endemic to New Caledonia in the SW Pacific, including the nearby Loyalty Islands. It is closely related to Parsonsia and Prestonia.

<i>Leichhardtia</i> (plant)

Leichhardtia is a genus of flowering plants in the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). It includes 85 species native to mainland Australia, Papuasia, New Caledonia, and Lord Howe Island.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families" . Retrieved May 18, 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 "Genus Parsonsia". PlantNET – New South Wales Flora Online. Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney Australia. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 "Parsonsia". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  4. ↑ Bennett, John J. (1850). The Miscellaneous Botanical Works of Robert Brown: Vol.II . Retrieved 2009-05-21.
  5. ↑ "Genus: Parsonsia P. Browne". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
  6. ↑ Livshultz, T., D. J. Middleton, M. E. Endress, and J. K. Williams.(2007) Phylogeny of Apocynoideae and the APSA Clade (Apocynaceae S.l.). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 94, no. 2: 324–59.
  7. ↑ Morales, J.F.; Endress, M.E.; Liede-Schumann, S. (2017) Sex, drugs and pupusas: Disentangling relationships in Echiteae (Apocynaceae). Taxon 66 (3): 623–644. https://doi.org/10.12705/663.7
  8. 1 2 "Parsonsia". Flora of China. efloras.org. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Conn, Barry J. "Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea". Plants of Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea National Herbarium and the National Herbarium of New South Wales #. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Genre Parsonsia R.Br". Endémía – Faune & Flore de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  11. 1 2 3 "Flora of New Zealand: PARSONSIA R. Br., 1809" . Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  12. ↑ "Parsonsia curvisepala". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  13. 1 2 3 4 "Indonesian Biodiversity Information System (IBIS) online". Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  14. ↑ "Parsonsia grandiflora D.J. Middleton". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Gardens. Retrieved 2009-05-31.
  15. ↑ "Parsonsia laevis". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  16. ↑ "Parsonsia lata". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  17. ↑ "Parsonsia curvisepala". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-31.
  18. ↑ Moore, Thomas; William P. Ayres (1850). Gardeners' Magazine of Botany, Horticulture, Floriculture, and Natural Science. William S. Orr and Co. 1: 120.{{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.