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References
- 1 2 Chou (2011), p. 2.
- ↑ Leap, William (2013). Globalization and Gay Language. Malden, MA: Wiley–Blackwell. pp. 560–561. ISBN 978-1-405-17581-4.
- ↑ 凝聚黨內團結 謝長廷：我決定留到五二五 Archived 26 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "学习时报" (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 24 November 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
- 1 2 "China: Keep using 'comrade', says Communist Party". BBC . 19 November 2014.
- ↑ Luo, Chris (18 November 2014). "Keep calling each other 'comrade', Chinese Communist Party tells members after rule review". South China Morning Post . Retrieved 4 August 2024.
- ↑ Blasco, Dennis J. (2011). "The Four General Departments". The Chinese Army Today: Tradition and Transformation for the 21st Century (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-78322-4.
According to regulations, members of the PLA address each other: (1) by their duty position, or (2) by their position plus surname, or (3) by their position plus the title "comrade" (tongzhi). When the duty position of the other person is not known, one service member may address the other by military rank plus the word "comrade" or only as comrade.
- ↑ Lixian, Holly Hou (30 November 2001). "LGBT Activism in Mainland China". Solidarity. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ↑ Wong, Andrew D. (November 2005). "The reappropriation of tongzhi". Language in Society. 34 (5): 763–793. doi:10.1017/S0047404505050281. ISSN 1469-8013. S2CID 145325619.
- ↑ Luchkina, Tatiana (2015). "Social deixis in motion: The case of 'COMRADE' in Russian and Mandarin Chinese". In Terkourafi, Marina (ed.). Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Im/politeness. AILA Applied Linguistics Series. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. p. 14. ISBN 978-9-027-20532-2.
While tóngxìnglìan may be perceived as a clinical term with pathological connotations, tóng zhì presents a more colloquial and euphemistic way of communicating the same meaning.