A disaccharide is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage. Like monosaccharides, disaccharides are simple sugars soluble in water. Three common examples are sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
Trehalose is a sugar consisting of two molecules of glucose. It is also known as mycose or tremalose. Some bacteria, fungi, plants and invertebrate animals synthesize it as a source of energy, and to survive freezing and lack of water.
Raffinose is a trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose. It can be found in beans, cabbage, brussels sprouts, broccoli, asparagus, other vegetables, and whole grains. Raffinose can be hydrolyzed to D-galactose and sucrose by the enzyme α-galactosidase (α-GAL), an enzyme which in the lumen of the human digestive tract is only produced by bacteria in the large intestine. α-GAL also hydrolyzes other α-galactosides such as stachyose, verbascose, and galactinol, if present. The enzyme does not cleave β-linked galactose, as in lactose.
The enzyme Trehalase is a glycoside hydrolase, produced by cells in the brush border of the small intestine, which catalyzes the conversion of trehalose to glucose. It is found in most animals.
Mycolic acids are long fatty acids found in the cell walls of the Mycolata taxon, a group of bacteria that includes Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of the disease tuberculosis. They form the major component of the cell wall of mycolata species. Despite their name, mycolic acids have no biological link to fungi; the name arises from the filamentous appearance their presence gives mycolata under high magnification. The presence of mycolic acids in the cell wall also gives mycolata a distinct gross morphological trait known as "cording". Mycolic acids were first isolated by Stodola et al. in 1938 from an extract of M. tuberculosis.
In enzymology, a maltose α-D-glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme trehalose-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.12) catalyzes the reaction
In enzymology, an alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (GDP-forming) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (configuration-retaining) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a trehalose 6-phosphate phosphorylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Cord factor, or trehalose dimycolate (TDM), is a glycolipid molecule found in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and similar species. It is the primary lipid found on the exterior of M. tuberculosis cells. Cord factor influences the arrangement of M. tuberculosis cells into long and slender formations, giving its name. Cord factor is virulent towards mammalian cells and critical for survival of M. tuberculosis in hosts, but not outside of hosts. Cord factor has been observed to influence immune responses, induce the formation of granulomas, and inhibit tumor growth. The antimycobacterial drug SQ109 is thought to inhibit TDM production levels and in this way disrupts its cell wall assembly.
Streptomyces hygroscopicus is a bacterial species in the genus Streptomyces. It was first described by Hans Laurits Jensen in 1931.
Alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase may refer to:
Alpha,alpha-trehalose synthase is an enzyme with systematic name ADP-glucose:D-glucose 1-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Trehalose synthase may refer to:
Starch synthase (maltosyl-transferring) is an enzyme with systematic name alpha-maltose 1-phosphate:(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-maltosyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
4-alpha-D-{(1->4)-alpha-D-glucano}trehalose trehalohydrolase is an enzyme with systematic name 4-alpha-D-( -alpha-D-glucano)trehalose glucanohydrolase (trehalose-producing). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
(1→4)-α-D-Glucan 1-α-D-glucosylmutase is an enzyme with systematic name (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan 1-alpha-D-glucosylmutase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
