Tropical Storm Peipah (2025)

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Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On September 2, at 12:00 UTC (21:00 JST), JMA began monitoring a newly formed tropical depression located approximately 430 nmi (800 km) southeast of Naha, Okinawa. [3] At 08:00 PHT (00:00 UTC) on September 3, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) began issuing advisories on the system after it entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, assigning it the local name Kiko. [4] Later that same day, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) for the disturbance, noting the likelihood of tropical cyclogenesis within 24 hours due to improving environmental conditions, including warm sea surface temperatures and decreasing vertical wind shear. [5] At 15:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical depression, assigning it the designation 21W. [6] During the early hours of September 4, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm, assigning it the international name Peipah. At this point, the system was tracking north-northeastward along the northwestern periphery of the subtropical ridge, aided by favorable upper-level divergence and warm oceanic waters. [7] [8] Peipah later curved eastward under the influence of an approaching mid-latitude trough and began to affect the southern coastline of western Japan. At 01:00 JST (16:00 UTC) on September 5, the system made landfall over Sukumo in Kōchi Prefecture, bringing strong winds and heavy rainfall to parts of Shikoku and the surrounding areas. [9] Shortly afterward, at 09:00 JST (00:00 UTC), Peipah made a second landfall over northern Wakayama Prefecture, skimming past the Kii Peninsula as it continued its east-northeastward track. [10] Following these landfalls, the JTWC reported that Peipah had begun undergoing extratropical transition, as it began to acquire characteristics of a mid-latitude cyclone. The system exhibited hybrid features, with a partially cold-core structure and asymmetric convection, while accelerating over cooler waters to the east. [11] Satellite imagery during this period revealed that the system’s deep convection was being significantly sheared by 25–30 kt of vertical wind shear associated with a nearby shortwave trough located to its northwest. [11] Peipah later completed its transition and became an extratropical low, causing both JMA and JTWC to cease advisories at 15:00 UTC and 12:00 UTC respectively. [12]

Preparations

Japan

A heavy rain warning was issued by the JMA, urging residents to remain vigilant due to the increased risk of landslides and flooding. [13] In response to the approaching storm, the West Nippon Expressway Company announced the closure of several road sections, particularly along the Higashikyushu Expressway. [14] Railway operators from East Japan Railway Company have announced delays, suspensions, and cancellations as the storm affected its service. [15]

Meanwhile, local fishermen secured their vessels and implemented safety measures in preparation for the storm. [16] In Miyazaki Prefecture, authorities issued a tornado advisory, warning of a heightened risk of tornado activity associated with the storm's outer bands. [17] The government ordered 660,000 people to evacuate. [18] Operations of the Tokaido Shinkansen bullet-train service were partly suspended. [19]

Impact

Japan

Widespread heavy rainfall was recorded across the southern regions of Japan as the system advanced northward. [20] On the morning of September 4, JMA recorded a rainfall total of 147 millimetres (5.8 inches) in parts of Miyazaki Prefecture. [13] [21] The island of Tanegashima also experienced significant rainfall, with measurements reaching 32 mm (1.3 in). [15] Asahi had more than 100 mm (3.9 in) of downpour, flooding roads in the city. [18] 16,000 houses in the cities of Matsuyama and Ōzu lost power because of the damage of a transformer. Lightning damaged agricultural greenhouses. [22] 40 houses have been recorded as completely destroyed while damage was confirmed in four municipalities in Shizuoka Prefecture including in Kakegawa and Yaizu cities. 30 people were deemed injured because of the storm. [23] In Makinohara, a powerful JEF3 tornado, produced by the outer bands of Peipah, tore through the city. Several homes and businesses received moderate to major damage and vehicles were overturned, with multiple people being injured. The tornado was assessed to have a maximum estimated wind gust of 270 km/h (170 mph), making the tornado one of the strongest in Japan on record. [24] [25] At least 89 people were injured and one man was killed as his car was overturned by the tornado. [25] [26] Additionally, a JEF2 tornado affected the city of Kakegawa. [27] Multiple landslides were recorded from the storm; five houses were flooded. [28]

During the storm's movement, the regions of Kantō, Kōshin, and Tōkai had also experienced travel problems, and major travel issues due to the storm. Confusion affected the Tōkaidō Shinkansen, and travel options like local trains and bus services in Central and East Japan have experienced late operations, especially the areas that are close to the center of the storm. Tokyo's two major airports, Narita and Haneda, delayed and canceled all their flights as rain continued to sweep over the region. [29]

Elsewhere

Although Peipah indirectly affected the Philippines, its enhancement with the southwest monsoon affected more than 93,000 people, with nearly 1,300 people being displaced across four regions of the country. [30]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean. [1]
  2. ↑ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy  – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions. [2]

References

  1. ↑ Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo: Typhoon Center 2003 (PDF) (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. 8. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  2. ↑ "Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2007. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  3. ↑ "021200UTC Sep 2025 Surface Analysis" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency . September 2, 2025. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 2, 2025. Retrieved September 2, 2025.
  4. ↑ "LPA over northern PH now tropical depression 'Kiko'". ABS-CBN. September 3, 2025. Retrieved September 3, 2025.
  5. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 95W)". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 2, 2025. Retrieved September 3, 2025.
  6. ↑ "Tropical Depression 21W (Twenty-one) Warning No. 1". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 3, 2025. Retrieved September 3, 2025.
  7. ↑ Warning and Summary 031800 (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. September 3, 2025. Retrieved September 3, 2025.
  8. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 21W (Peipah) Warning No. 4 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 4, 2025. Retrieved September 4, 2025.
  9. ↑ Japan: Typhoon Peipah Strikes South, Brings Record Rain, Flood, Landslide Threat (Report). Blaze Trends. September 5, 2025. Retrieved September 5, 2025.
  10. ↑ "Typhoon Peipah Lands on Western Japan". Nippon.com. September 5, 2025. Retrieved September 5, 2025.
  11. 1 2 Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 21W (Peipah) Warning No. 7 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 5, 2025. Retrieved September 5, 2025.
  12. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 21W (Peipah) Warning No. 8 (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 5, 2025. Retrieved September 5, 2025.
  13. 1 2 "台風１５号が発生、大雨警戒 西―東日本、上陸の恐れも | | 全国のニュース" [Typhoon No. 15 occurs, heavy rain warning]. 佐賀新聞 (in Japanese). September 4, 2025. Retrieved September 4, 2025.
  14. ↑ "【速報】台風１５号、東九州道西都―日向で上下線通行止め" [Typhoon No. 15, Higashi-Kyushu Expressway Saito - Upper and lower lines closed in Hyuga]. 47NEWS (in Japanese). Retrieved September 4, 2025.
  15. 1 2 "Tropical storm approaches Kyushu and Shikoku". NHK World . September 4, 2025. Retrieved September 5, 2025.
  16. ↑ "台風発達 宮崎県接近へ 農家、漁業者ら強風警戒" [Typhoon development approaching Miyazaki Prefecture Farmers and fishermen warn of strong winds]. Miyanichi e-press (in Japanese). Retrieved September 4, 2025.
  17. ↑ "宮崎県竜巻注意情報 第１号＝気象庁発表 | | 全国のニュース" [Miyazaki Prefecture Tornado Warning Information No. 1 = Announced by the Japan Meteorological Agency]. 佐賀新聞 (in Japanese). September 4, 2025. Retrieved September 4, 2025.
  18. 1 2 "Japan orders evacuation of 660,000 as storm Peipah brings torrential rains". EFE Noticias. September 4, 2025. Retrieved September 5, 2025.
  19. ↑ "Tropical Storm Peipah makes landfall in Wakayama". NHK World . September 5, 2025. Retrieved September 5, 2025.
  20. ↑ "【台風情報】台風15号「ペイパー」発生、種子島の南を北上 九州接近後に西日本から東日本へ 気象庁発表 現在位置と今後の進路予想 | 行政・社会 | 佐賀県のニュース" [【Typhoon Information】Typhoon No. 15 "Peipah" occurs, moving northward south of Tanegashima From west Japan to east Japan after approaching Kyushu Japan Meteorological Agency announced current position and future track forecast]. 佐賀新聞 (in Japanese). September 4, 2025. Retrieved September 4, 2025.
  21. ↑ "Tropical Storm Peipah forms off southwestern Japan". The Japan Times . September 4, 2025. Retrieved September 4, 2025.
  22. ↑ "台風15号が愛媛に接近 県内ではまとまった雨が降り、雷の被害相次ぐ" [Typhoon No. 15 approaches Ehime, heavy rain falls in the prefecture, and lightning damage occurs one after another]. 愛媛のニュース - Nスタえひめ｜あいテレビは6チャンネル (in Japanese). September 5, 2025. Retrieved September 5, 2025.
  23. ↑ "「何が起きたかわからない」台風15号 突風で40棟全半壊 約30人が骨折などのけが けが人まだ増える見込み 静岡・牧之原市 =". TBS News Dig (in Japanese). September 5, 2025. Retrieved September 5, 2025.
  24. ↑ "【動画あり】「強風で被害が」「車が横転した」家屋損壊や車の横転複数確認 けが人もいる模様＝静岡・牧之原市、吉田町". TBS News Dig (in Japanese). September 5, 2025. Retrieved September 5, 2025.
  25. 1 2 "Tornado that hit central Japan city one of strongest on record in Japan". Japan Wire by KYODO NEWS. September 8, 2025. Retrieved September 8, 2025.
  26. ↑ "Shizuoka Prefecture reeling from deadly tornadoes". NHK. September 11, 2025. Retrieved September 11, 2025.
  27. ↑ 令和７年９月５日に静岡県牧之原市、掛川市及び吉田町で発生した突風について (PDF). JMA (Report) (in Japanese). September 8, 2025. Retrieved September 11, 2025.
  28. ↑ "台風15号の影響 宮崎県内は記録的大雨に 各地で住宅の浸水被害や土砂崩れが確認". TBS News Dig (in Japanese). September 5, 2025. Retrieved September 5, 2025.
  29. ↑ "Winds of Change: Typhoon Peipah Brings Delays and Cancellations to Japan Tourism". Travel and Tour World. September 5, 2025. Retrieved September 5, 2025.
  30. ↑ "Japan, Philippines - Tropical storm PEIPAH (GDACS, JTWC, JMA, NDRRMC) (ECHO Daily Flash of 4 September 2025)". ReliefWeb. September 4, 2025. Retrieved September 4, 2025.
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Tropical Storm Peipah (Kiko)
Peipah 2025-09-05 0352Z.jpg
Peipah during its extratropical phase on September 5