Tupeia

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Tupeia
Tupeia antarctica (G.Forst.) Cham. and Schltr. (AM AK169522-1).jpg
Tupeia antarctica
Tupeia antarctica (G.Forst.) Cham. and Schltr. (AM AK169522-2).jpg
Tupeia antarctica
Status NZTCS D.svg
Declining (NZ TCS) [1]
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Santalales
Family: Loranthaceae
Genus: Tupeia
Cham. & Schltdl. [2] [3]
Species:
T. antarctica
Binomial name
Tupeia antarctica

Tupeia is a monotypic genus of semi-parasitic shrubs (mistletoes) which occurs in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. [4] There is only one species in the genus: Tupeia antarctica. [4] There are no synonyms. [4]

Contents

Species

Description

The species, Tupeia antarctica (common names - taapia, pirita, white mistletoe, tupia), is a dioecious [5] mistletoe which grows up to 1 m wide. Its bark is white, and the twigs are finely hairy. The leaves are variously shaped, fleshy, bright green and from 10 to 70 mm long. The flowers are tiny and the fruit is white to pinkish. [6]

Habitat

It is found in forest or scrub, on a wide range of hosts including tarata ( Pittosporum eugenioides ), karo ( Pittosporum crassifolium ), Coprosma species, putaputaweta ( Carpodetus serratus ), fivefinger ( Pseudopanax arboreus ), white maire ( Nestegis lanceolata ) and broom. [6] According to De Lange et al., Tupeia antarctica parasitises some 48 hosts (11 exotic) with the most common host families being Fabaceae and Rubiaceae. [5]

Etymology

The genus is named for Tupaia (c. 1725 – 1770), a Tahitian navigator and priest. [6] The specific epithet, antarctica, derives from the Latin word, anti, meaning "against" or "opposite" and the Greek word, arktos, meaning "bear", giving an adjective, antarctica, which meant opposite the constellations of the Ursus Major and Ursus Minor, "opposing the north", or "Antarctic". [7]

Taxonomy

Tupeia antarctica was originally described by G.Forst. in 1786 as Viscum antarcticum, [8] [9] but the genus was revised to Tupeia in 1828 by Chamisso and Schlechtendal. [4]

Status

Tupeia antarctica is classified (2018) as having an "At Risk - Declining" conservation status under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, (its predicted decline from greater than 100 000 individuals being from 10 to 70%). [1] A 2002 study [10] discusses the threat from possum browsing which is preventing the recruitment of new individuals.

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<i>Acaena</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Hydrocotyle</i> Genus of aquatic plants

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<i>Kohautia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Kohautia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are native to tropical areas of Asia, Africa, and Madagascar. Thirty-one species are known. The type species for the genus is Kohautia senegalensis.

<i>Pittosporum fairchildii</i> Species of flowering plant

Pittosporum fairchildii, commonly called Fairchild's kohuhu, is a species of plant in the Pittosporaceae family. It is endemic to New Zealand. This species was first described by Thomas Frederic Cheeseman. It is named in honour of Captain J. Fairchild, a 19th-century seaman who commanded the S.S. Stella.

<i>Pittosporum turneri</i> Species of tree

Pittosporum turneri, commonly called Turner's kohuhu or the tent pole tree, is a species of plant in the Pittosporaceae family. It is endemic to New Zealand. P. turneri was first described by Donald Petrie in 1925. The species flowers between the months of October to December. P. turneri is threatened by possums. It is regarded as being Nationally Vulnerable.

<i>Pleurophyllum speciosum</i> Species of plant

Pleurophyllum speciosum, also known as the giant emperor daisy or Campbell Island daisy, is a megaherb native to the Auckland and Campbell Islands of New Zealand. A false colour image is depicted on the lower left corner on the reverse of the current five dollar New Zealand banknote. The Campbell Island daisy was first described by Joseph Dalton Hooker in Flora Antarctica of 1844, after he had collected it during the Ross expedition.

<i>Peraxilla tetrapetala</i> Species of mistletoe

Peraxilla tetrapetala, or red mistletoe, is a parasitic plant in the family Loranthaceae, endemic to New Zealand and found on both the North and South Islands. The Māori names for the plant are pikirangi, pirirangi and roeroe.

<i>Dracophyllum longifolium</i> Species of flowering plant

Dracophyllum longifolium, commonly called inaka, is an upright shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae that is endemic to New Zealand.

<i>Chionochloa antarctica</i> Species of grass

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<i>Carmichaelia muritai</i> Species of legume

Carmichaelia muritai, common name coastal tree broom, is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in the South Island of New Zealand.

<i>Korthalsella salicornioides</i> Species of flowering plant

Korthalsella salicornioides or dwarf mistletoe is an endemic parasitic plant in New Zealand.

<i>Tatosoma agrionata</i> Species of moth

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Zelleria sphenota is a species of moth in the family Yponomeutidae. This species is endemic to New Zealand. It is classified as "At Risk, Declining'" by the Department of Conservation.

<i>Psittacanthus schiedeanus</i> Species of parasitic flowering plant in the family Loranthaceae

Psittacanthus schiedeanus G.Don is a species of Neotropical mistletoe in the family Loranthaceae, which is native to Panamá, Costa Rica, Honduras and Mexico.

<i>Carmichaelia astonii</i> Species of legume

Carmichaelia astonii is a species of pea in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in South Island of New Zealand. Its conservation status (2018) is "Nationally vulnerable" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.

<i>Carmichaelia appressa</i> Species of legume

Carmichaelia appressa is a species of pea in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in the South Island of New Zealand. Its conservation status (2018) is "At Risk - Naturally Uncommon" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.

<i>Carmichaelia hollowayi</i> Species of legume

Carmichaelia hollowayi is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in the South Island of New Zealand. Its conservation status (2018) is "Nationally Critical" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.

<i>Carex erebus</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex erebus is a member of the sedge family and is found on the Antarctic Islands of Australia and New Zealand.

<i>Agrostis subulata</i> Species of grass

Agrostis subulata is a grass, which grows only on Campbell Island and on Antipodes Island in New Zealand.

References

  1. 1 2 Lange, Peter J. de; Rolfe, Jeremy R.; Barkla, John W.; Courtney, Shannel P.; Champion, Paul D.; Perrie, Leon R.; Beadel, Sarah M.; Ford, Kerry A.; Breitwieser, Ilse; Schönberger, Ines; Hindmarsh-Walls, Rowan (1 May 2018). "Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017" (PDF). New Zealand Threat Classification Series. 22: 37. OCLC   1041649797.
  2. ↑ "Tupeia". Australian Plant Name Index, IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
  3. ↑ Chamisso, L.K.A. von & Schlechtendal, D.F.L. von (1828) Linnaea: ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange, oder Beiträge zur Pflanzenkunde 3: 203
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Tupeia Cham. & Schltdl. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  5. 1 2 de Lange, P.J.; Norton, D.A.; Molloy, B.P.J. (1995). "An annotated checklist of New Zealand mistletoe (Loranthaceae) hosts". New Zealand's Loranthaceous Mistletoes: 87 – via New Zealand Department of Conservation.
  6. 1 2 3 "Tupeia antarctica | New Zealand Plant Conservation Network". nzpcn.org.nz. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  7. ↑ "antarcticus,-a,-um". www.plantillustrations.org. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  8. ↑ "Tupeia antarctica (G.Forst.) Cham. & Schltdl. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  9. ↑ Forster, G. (1786). "Fl. Ins. Austr". p. 70. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  10. ↑ Sweetapple, P. J., et al.Sweetapple, P. J.; Nugent, G.; Whitford, J.; Knightbridge, P. I. (2002). "Mistletoe (Tupeia Antarctica) Recovery and Decline Following Possum Control in a New Zealand Forest". New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 26 (1): 61–71. JSTOR   24056285. pdf
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