Tupeia

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Tupeia
Tupeia antarctica (G.Forst.) Cham. and Schltr. (AM AK169522-1).jpg
Tupeia antarctica
Tupeia antarctica (G.Forst.) Cham. and Schltr. (AM AK169522-2).jpg
Tupeia antarctica
Status NZTCS D.svg
Declining (NZ TCS) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Santalales
Family: Loranthaceae
Genus: Tupeia
Cham. & Schltdl. [2] [3]
Species:
T. antarctica
Binomial name
Tupeia antarctica

Tupeia is a monotypic genus of semi-parasitic shrubs (mistletoes) which occurs in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. [4] There is only one species in the genus: Tupeia antarctica. [4] There are no synonyms. [4]

Contents

Species

Description

The species, Tupeia antarctica (common names - tāpia, kohuorangi, pirinoa, piritia, white mistletoe), [5] is a Diecious [6] mistletoe which grows up to 1m wide. Its bark is white, and the twigs are finely hairy. The leaves are variously shaped, fleshy, bright green and from 10 to 70 mm long. The flowers are tiny and the fruit is white to pinkish. [7]

Habitat

It is found in forest or scrub, on a wide range of hosts including tarata ( Pittosporum eugenioides ), karo ( Pittosporum crassifolium ), Coprosma species, putaputaweta ( Carpodetus serratus ), fivefinger ( Pseudopanax arboreus ), white maire ( Nestegis lanceolata ) and broom. [7] According to De Lange et al., Tupeia antarctica parasitises some 48 hosts (11 exotic) with the most common host families being Fabaceae and Rubiaceae. [6]

Etymology

The genus is named for Tupaia (c. 1725 – 1770), a Tahitian navigator and priest. [7] [8] The specific epithet, antarctica, derives from the Latin word, anti, meaning "against" or "opposite" and the Greek word, arktos, meaning "bear", giving an adjective, antarctica, which meant opposite the constellations of the Ursus Major and Ursus Minor, "opposing the north", or "Antarctic". [9]

Taxonomy

Tupeia antarctica was originally described by G.Forst. in 1786 as Viscum antarcticum, [10] [11] but the genus was revised to Tupeia in 1828 by Chamisso and Schlechtendal. [4]

Status

Tupeia antarctica is classified (2018) as having an "At Risk - Declining" conservation status under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, (its predicted decline from greater than 100 000 individuals being from 10 to 70%). [1] A 2002 study [12] discusses the threat from possum browsing which is preventing the recruitment of new individuals.

References

  1. 1 2 Lange, Peter J. de; Rolfe, Jeremy R.; Barkla, John W.; Courtney, Shannel P.; Champion, Paul D.; Perrie, Leon R.; Beadel, Sarah M.; Ford, Kerry A.; Breitwieser, Ilse; Schönberger, Ines; Hindmarsh-Walls, Rowan (1 May 2018). "Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017" (PDF). New Zealand Threat Classification Series. 22: 37. OCLC   1041649797.
  2. ↑ "Tupeia". Australian Plant Name Index, IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
  3. ↑ Chamisso, L.K.A. von & Schlechtendal, D.F.L. von (1828) Linnaea: ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange, oder Beiträge zur Pflanzenkunde 3: 203
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Tupeia Cham. & Schltdl. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  5. ↑ Lehnebach, Carlos; Regnault, Claire; Rice, Rebecca; Awa, Isaac Te; Yates, Rachel A. (1 November 2023). Flora: Celebrating our Botanical World. Te Papa Press. p. 365. ISBN   978-1-9911509-1-2.
  6. 1 2 de Lange, P.J.; Norton, D.A.; Molloy, B.P.J. (1995). "An annotated checklist of New Zealand mistletoe (Loranthaceae) hosts". New Zealand's Loranthaceous Mistletoes: 87 – via New Zealand Department of Conservation.
  7. 1 2 3 "Tupeia antarctica | New Zealand Plant Conservation Network". nzpcn.org.nz. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  8. ↑ Lehnebach, Carlos A.; Regnault, Claire; Rice, Rebecca; Awa, Isaac Te; Yates, Rachel A. (1 November 2023). Flora: Celebrating our Botanical World. Te Papa Press. ISBN   978-1-9911509-1-2.
  9. ↑ "antarcticus,-a,-um". www.plantillustrations.org. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  10. ↑ "Tupeia antarctica (G.Forst.) Cham. & Schltdl. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  11. ↑ Forster, G. (1786). Fl. Ins. Austr. p. 70. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  12. ↑ Sweetapple, P. J., et al.Sweetapple, P. J.; Nugent, G.; Whitford, J.; Knightbridge, P. I. (2002). "Mistletoe (Tupeia Antarctica) Recovery and Decline Following Possum Control in a New Zealand Forest". New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 26 (1): 61–71. JSTOR   24056285. pdf
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