United Nations Security Council Resolution 1436

UN Security Council ; Resolution 1436
	Location of Sierra Leone and Liberia in Africa
Date	24 September 2002
Meeting no.	4,615
Code	S/RES/1436 (Document)
Subject	The situation in Sierra Leone
Voting summary	15 voted for; None voted against; None abstained
Result	Adopted
Security Council composition
Permanent members	China ; France ; Russia ; United Kingdom ; United States ;
Non-permanent members	Bulgaria ; Cameroon ; Colombia ; Guinea ; Ireland ; Mauritius ; Mexico ; Norway ; Singapore ; Syria ;

Last updated April 01, 2019

United Nations Security Council resolution 1436, adopted unanimously on 24 September 2002, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Sierra Leone, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) for a further six months beginning on 30 September 2002.^[1]

A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security".

Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, informally Salone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It has a tropical climate, with a diverse environment ranging from savanna to rainforests. The country has a total area of 71,740 km² (27,699 sq mi) and a population of 7,075,641 as of the 2015 census. Sierra Leone is a constitutional republic with a directly elected president and a unicameral legislature. The country's capital and largest city is Freetown. Sierra Leone is made up of five administrative regions: the Northern Province, North West Province, Eastern Province, Southern Province and the Western Area. These regions are subdivided into sixteen districts.

The United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) was a United Nations peacekeeping operation in Sierra Leone from 1999 to 2006. It was created by the United Nations Security Council in October 1999 to help with the implementation of the Lomé Peace Accord, an agreement intended to end the Sierra Leonean civil war. UNAMSIL expanded in size several times in 2000 and 2001. It concluded its mandate at the end of 2005, the Security Council having declared that its mission was complete.

Alhaji Ahmad Tejan Kabbah was a Sierra Leonean politician who served twice as the 3rd President of Sierra Leone, from 1996 to 1997 and again from 1998 to 2007. An economist and attorney by profession, Kabbah spent many years working for the United Nations Development Programme. He retired from the United Nations and returned to Sierra Leone in 1992.

Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to its northwest, Guinea to its north, Ivory Coast to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean to its south-southwest. It covers an area of 111,369 square kilometers (43,000 sq mi) and has a population of around 4,700,000 people. English is the official language and over 20 indigenous languages are spoken, representing the numerous ethnic groups who make up more than 95% of the population. The country's capital and largest city is Monrovia.

Resolution

Observations

In the preamble of the resolution, the holding of general elections in May 2002, the launch of the Special Court for Sierra Leone and Truth and Reconciliation Commission and progress made in developing the capacity of the Sierra Leone Police and armed forces was welcomed by the Council. It noted the fragile situation in the Mano River region, particularly the conflict in neighbouring Liberia and the humanitarian implications. The importance of the extension of state authority in Sierra Leone including the diamond fields, the reintegration of ex-combatants, the return of refugees and internally displaced persons, and full respect for human rights and rule of law was stressed.

The Special Court for Sierra Leone, or the "Special Court" (SCSL), also called the Sierra Leone Tribunal, was a judicial body set up by the government of Sierra Leone and the United Nations to "prosecute persons who bear the greatest responsibility for serious violations of international humanitarian law and Sierra Leonean law" committed in Sierra Leone after 30 November 1996 and during the Sierra Leone Civil War. The court's working language was English. The court listed offices in Freetown, The Hague, and New York City.

The Sierra Leone Police (SLP) is the national police force of the Republic of Sierra Leone, that is primarily responsible for law enforcement and crime investigation throughout Sierra Leone. It is an unarmed police force although they have a unit trained in firearms and also public order tactics called the Operations Support Division, widely known as OSD. They are able to respond to protests should the need arise. The Sierra Leone Police is under the jurisdiction of the Sierra Leone Ministry of Internal Affairs, a cabinet ministry in the Government of Sierra Leone.

Acts

The Security Council praised the efforts of UNAMSIL troop-contributing countries and noted proposals by the Secretary-General Kofi Annan regarding the size and structure of the peacekeeping operation. UNAMSIL was urged to complete phases 1 and 2 of the Secretary-General's plan, including a reduction of troop size within 8 months.^[3] There was concern at a shortfall in financial contributions towards the disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration programme.

Kofi Atta Annan was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organization founded by Nelson Mandela.

Peacekeeping refers to activities intended to create conditions that favour lasting peace. Research generally finds that peacekeeping reduces civilian and battlefield deaths and reduces the risk of renewed warfare.

Disarmament is the act of reducing, limiting, or abolishing weapons. Disarmament generally refers to a country's military or specific type of weaponry. Disarmament is often taken to mean total elimination of weapons of mass destruction, such as nuclear arms. General and Complete Disarmament was defined by the United Nations General Assembly as the elimination of all WMD, coupled with the “balanced reduction of armed forces and conventional armaments, based on the principle of undiminished security of the parties with a view to promoting or enhancing stability at a lower military level, taking into account the need of all States to protect their security.”

The resolution emphasised the development of institutions in Sierra Leone and welcomed efforts by the Sierra Leonean government to establish control in volatile diamond mining areas. It emphasised a comprehensive approach to strengthening the Sierra Leonean Police and supported the Special Court and Truth and Reconciliation Commission.^[4] Countries in the Mano River Union were urged to continue dialogue and implement commitments with regard to regional peace and security, and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Morocco were also encouraged to find a settlement of the crisis in the region.

Sierra Leone is a country located in West Africa, known officially as the Republic of Sierra Leone.

The Mano River Union (MRU) is an international association initially established between Liberia and Sierra Leone by the 3 October 1971 Mano River Declaration. It is named for the Mano River which begins in the Guinea highlands and forms a border between Liberia and Sierra Leone. On 25 October 1980, Guinea joined the union.

Economic Community of West African States intergovernmental economic unnion

The Economic Community of West African States, also known as ECOWAS, is a regional economic union of fifteen countries located in West Africa. Collectively, these countries comprise an area of 5,114,162 km² (1,974,589 sq mi), and in 2015 had an estimated population of over 349 million.

The Secretary-General intended to find a solution to the crisis in Liberia, which was welcomed by the Council. Additionally, armed groups and the Liberian armed forces were called upon to refrain from illegal incursions into Sierra Leone. The Security Council welcomed steps by UNAMSIL to prevent sexual abuse and exploitation of women and children and its support for the return of refugees.^[5] Finally, the security, political, humanitarian and human rights situation in Sierra Leone would be kept under review by the Secretary-General.

The Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) are the armed forces of the Republic of Liberia. Tracing its origins to a militia that was formed by the first black colonists in what is now Liberia, it was founded as the Liberian Frontier Force in 1908, and retitled in 1956. For almost all of its history, the AFL has received considerable materiel and training assistance from the United States. For most of the 1941–89 period, training was largely provided by U.S. advisers, though this assistance has not prevented the same generally low levels of effectiveness common to most of the armed forces in the developing world.

Sexual abuse, also referred to as molestation, is usually undesired sexual behavior by one person upon another. It is often perpetrated using force or by taking advantage of another. When force is immediate, of short duration, or infrequent, it is called sexual assault. The offender is referred to as a sexual abuser or molester. The term also covers any behavior by an adult or older adolescent towards a child to stimulate any of the involved sexually. The use of a child, or other individuals younger than the age of consent, for sexual stimulation is referred to as child sexual abuse or statutory rape.

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References

↑ "Security Council extends mandate of United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone for six months, beginning 30 September". United Nations. 24 September 2002.
↑ "UN force to stay in Sierra Leone". BBC News. 25 September 2002.
↑ Malone, David (2004). The UN Security Council: from the Cold War to the 21st century. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 535. ISBN 978-1-58826-240-0.
↑ Meek, Sarah (2003). "Policing Sierra Leone". Monograph. 80: 105–116.
↑ Arts, Karin; Popovski, Vesselin (2006). International criminal accountability and the rights of children. Cambridge University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-90-6704-227-7.

External links

Text of the Resolution at undocs.org

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[un-1] "Security Council extends mandate of United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone for six months, beginning 30 September". United Nations. 24 September 2002.

[2] "UN force to stay in Sierra Leone". BBC News. 25 September 2002.

[3] Malone, David (2004). The UN Security Council: from the Cold War to the 21st century. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 535. ISBN 978-1-58826-240-0.

[4] Meek, Sarah (2003). "Policing Sierra Leone". Monograph. 80: 105–116.

[5] Arts, Karin; Popovski, Vesselin (2006). International criminal accountability and the rights of children. Cambridge University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-90-6704-227-7.