Total population | |
---|---|
244,000 (July 2021) | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Taiwan | |
Languages | |
Vietnamese; some Mandarin or Hokkien training provided to migrant workers | |
Religion | |
Mahayana Buddhism [1] 、Taoism、Vietnamese folk religion and Roman Catholicism | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Overseas Vietnamese | |
Lower population figure; [2] Upper population figure (sum of separate estimates for migrant workers and foreign spouses); [3] [4] regions; [3] languages; [5] |
Vietnamese in Taiwan | |||||||||||||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 在台越南人 | ||||||||||||||||
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Vietnamese name | |||||||||||||||||
Vietnamese | Người Việt tại Ðài Loan |
Vietnamese people in Taiwan form one of the island's larger communities of foreign residents. Of the roughly 80,000 Vietnamese workers who resided in Taiwan as of 2006,60,000 are employed as domestic helpers,16,000 work in factories,2,000 in marine-based industries,and the remainder in other lines of work. They compose 21% of the island's foreign workers. [6] 42% work in Taipei City,New Taipei City,and Taoyuan City. [3] Additionally,118,300 Vietnamese women who met Taiwanese men through illegal matchmaking services resided in Taiwan as of 2005. [4] Taiwan,along with China and Cambodia,were rated "Tier 2" for their abuses against foreign laborers and illegal brides due to their lack of effort in combating human trafficking. [7]
South Vietnamese slaves were taken by the Dutch East India Company to Taiwan when it was under Dutch rule. The Dutch had Pampang and Quinamese slaves on their colony in Taiwan,and in 1643 offered rewards to aboriginal allies who would recapture the slaves for them when they ran away. [8] 18 Quinamese and Java slaves were involved in a Dutch attack against the Tammalaccouw aboriginals,along with 110 Chinese and 225 troops under Governor Traudenius on January 11,1642. [9] 7 Quinnamese and 3 Javanese were involved in a gold hunting expedition along with 200 Chinese and 218 troops under Sernior Merchant Cornelis Caesar from November 1645 to January 1646. [10] "Quinam" was the Dutch name for the Vietnamese Nguyen Lord ruled Cochinchina (which used in the 17th century to refer to the area around Quang Nam in central Vietnam,(Annam) until in 1860 the French shifted the term Cochinchina to refer to the Mekong Delta in the far south, [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] and Pampang was a place in Java which was ruled by the Dutch East India Company in the East Indies. The Dutch sided with the Trịnh lords of Tonkin (Northern Vietnam) against the Nguyen Lords of Quinam (Cochinchina) during the Trịnh–Nguyễn War and were therefore hostile to Quinam. [19] [20] [21]
Taiwan is one of the major destinations for Vietnamese labour migrants,especially in the manufacturing and fisheries industries. In 2002,Vietnamese workers in Taiwan composed 28.5% (13,200 individuals) of the 46,200 Vietnamese workers deployed overseas,making Taiwan the second most popular destination ahead of Laos and behind Malaysia;Taiwan maintained its importance as a destination even as migration to South Korea and Japan dropped off. [22]
Since Taiwan's Council of Labor Affairs (now Ministry of Labor) granted approval for their employment beginning in 1999,Vietnamese domestic helpers began to compose a significant proportion of the Vietnamese women in Taiwan. Between 2000 and 2003,the number of Vietnamese domestic helpers grew by fifteen times,from 2,634 individuals to 40,397 individuals,making them the second-largest group of domestic helpers by nationality,ahead of Filipinas and behind Indonesians;they composed one-third of all foreign domestic helpers on the island. Filipinas had formerly been the largest nationality among the population of domestic helpers,as widespread English language education in their country made them ideal tutors for the children of employers. However,their excellent command of English also disturbed the expected power dynamic between them and their employers,who often spoke very poor English;Vietnamese and Indonesians came to be preferred precisely because of their lower level of English,which put them at a disadvantage relative to their employers,and also served as a barrier to restrict their access to networks of support and information outside of the employer's home. [5]
By 2004,Vietnam was sending 37,700 labourers to Taiwan each year,the bulk of them as domestic helpers and hospital workers. However,in 2005,frustrated by the desertion rate of Vietnamese workers,which was the highest rate among labourers of all Asian nationalities in Taiwan,the CLA imposed a freeze on the hiring of Vietnamese labourers in order to have time to discuss the situation with Vietnam's Department for Authority of Foreign Employed Labour,the department responsible for Vietnamese workers abroad. [23] By the following year,the two departments had renegotiated the standard labour contracts for Vietnamese workers,extending them from three to six years and cutting down on red tape,as well as adopting a formal grievance policy through which employees could seek redress against their employers;however,the deposit required of workers was also increased,in an effort to address the high rate of contract termination by employees. [6]
International matchmaking services flourish in Vietnam despite their illegality;118,300 Vietnamese women,largely from the south of Vietnam,were married to Taiwan men as of 2005. [4] As early as 2001,Vietnamese women composed 49% of all foreign brides in Taiwan. Their average age was between 25 and 26 years old,while that of their grooms was 36;54% came from Ho Chi Minh City. 73% were of Kinh ethnicity,the majority group in Vietnam,while the remaining 27% were of Chinese descent. [24] 72,411 (60%) of all Vietnamese brides in Taiwan as of 2005 had married within the past ten years. [4] Vietnamese women married to Taiwan men composed 85% of the 11,973 people who naturalised as Republic of China citizens in 2006. [25] The Vietnamese government established a variety of regulations on international marriages between 2002 and 2005,including prohibiting some marriages where the age gap was too large,and also requiring marriage partners to have a common language of communication. [26] The Republic of China government also seeks to limit the amount of spousal migration,but unlike the Vietnamese government,the only tool with which they can effectively control it is visa policy. Their implementation in this regard has changed over the years;they originally conducted individual interviews for spousal visas,changing to group interviews in 1999;in 2005,they imposed a limit of 20 visa interviews per day. [27] By 2007,the number of new brides had fallen off from a peak of around 14,000 per year to just one-third that size. [28]
According to statistics of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,an estimated 3,000 Vietnamese women formerly married to Taiwan husbands have been left stateless after their divorces;the women had given up Vietnamese nationality to naturalise as Republic of China citizens at the time of their marriage,but then returned to Vietnam following their divorces and gave up their Republic of China nationality in the process of applying for restoration of Vietnamese nationality. Their children,who hold only Republic of China nationality and have never previously been Vietnamese nationals,are ineligible to enter publicly supported schools in Vietnam. [28]
Cochinchina or Cochin-China is a historical exonym for part of Vietnam,depending on the contexts. Sometimes it referred to the whole of Vietnam,but it was commonly used to refer to the region south of the Gianh River.
The island of Taiwan,also commonly known as Formosa,was partly under colonial rule by the Dutch Republic from 1624 to 1662 and from 1664 to 1668. In the context of the Age of Discovery,the Dutch East India Company established its presence on Formosa to trade with the Ming Empire in neighbouring China and Tokugawa shogunate in Japan,and also to interdict Portuguese and Spanish trade and colonial activities in East Asia.
Vietnamese literature is the literature,both oral and written,created largely by Vietnamese-speaking people.
The Lêdynasty,also known as Later Lêdynasty,was the longest-ruling Vietnamese dynasty,ruling Đại Việt from 1428 to 1789. The Lêdynasty is divided into two historical periods –the Early period before usurpation by the Mạc dynasty (1527–1683),in which emperors ruled in their own right,and the restored period or Revival Lê,in which figurehead emperors reigned under the auspices of the powerful Trịnh family. The Restored Lêperiod is marked by two lengthy civil wars:the Lê–Mạc War (1533–1592) in which two dynasties battled for legitimacy in northern Vietnam and the Trịnh–Nguyễn War (1627–1672) between the Trịnh family in Tonkin and the Nguyễn lords of the South.
LêThánh Tông,personal name LêHạo,temple name Thánh Tông,courtesy name TưThành,was an emperor of Đại Việt,reigned from 1460 to 1497,the fifth monarch of the House of LêDuy and is one of the greatest monarchs in Vietnamese history. He came to power through a coup d'état against his second brother LêNghi Dân in 1460. His reign is recognized for the extensive administrative,military,education,and fiscal reforms he instituted,and a cultural revolution that replaced the old traditional aristocracy with a generation of literati scholars. His era was eulogized as the Prospered reign of Hồng Đức.
The Nguyễn lords,also known as the Nguyễn clan,were rulers of Đàng Trong in Central and Southern Vietnam,as opposed to Đàng Ngoài or Outer Realm,ruled by the Trịnh lords.
French Cochinchina was a colony of French Indochina,encompassing the whole region of Lower Cochinchina or Southern Vietnam from 1862 to 1946. The French operated a plantation economy whose primary strategic product was rubber.
The Trịnh–Nguyễn Civil War was a 17th century lengthy civil war waged between the two ruling families in Vietnam,the Trịnh lords of Đàng Ngoài and the Nguyễn lords of Đàng Trong,centered in today's Central Vietnam. The wars resulted in a long stalemate and century of peace before conflicts resumed in 1774 resulting in the emergence of the Tây Sơn dynasty. During the division of Vietnam,Gianh River was used as the border between two regimes Đàng Ngoài and Đàng Trong.
Taiwanese expatriates and descendants in Vietnam consist largely of expatriate businessmen and their families. The Ho Chi Minh City branch of the Taipei-based Taiwan External Trade Development Council estimates that 20,000 people from Taiwan were living in Vietnam as of 2002.
The Guo Huaiyi rebellion was a peasant revolt by Chinese farmers against Dutch rule in Taiwan in 1652. Sparked by dissatisfaction with heavy Dutch taxation on them but not the aborigines and extortion by low-ranking Dutch officials and servicemen,the rebellion initially gained ground before being crushed by a coalition of Dutch soldiers and their aboriginal allies. It is considered the most important uprising against the Dutch during the 37-year period of their colonisation of Taiwan.
Taiwan–Vietnam relations are conducted on an unofficial level,as Hanoi adheres to a one-China policy and officially recognises the People's Republic of China only. However,this has not stopped bilateral visits and significant flows of migrants and investment capital between Taiwan and Vietnam. Taiwan has been the fourth largest source of foreign direct investment in Vietnam since 2006. Both countries maintain representative offices;Taiwan is represented by the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City,while Vietnam is represented by the Vietnam Economic and Cultural Office in Taipei,both acting as de facto embassies.
Throughout the history of Vietnam,many names were used in reference to Vietnam.
The practice of slavery in Vietnam persisted since the Hồng Bàng period. Vietnam has been both a source and a destination for slaves.
Father Peter Nguyen Van Hung is a Vietnamese Australian Catholic priest and human rights activist in Taiwan. He was recognized by the United States Department of State as a "hero acting to end modern day slavery".
Anti-Vietnamese sentiment involves hostility or hatred that is directed towards Vietnamese people,or the state of Vietnam.
Emperor at home,king abroad was a system of conducting relations between states within the East Asian cultural sphere. Rulers of non-Chinese regimes would use the title of emperor domestically and adopt the title of king (王) when dealing with China. Instead of using the styles Imperial Majesty and Majesty (陛下),rulers of non-Chinese realms were to be known as Highness (殿下). This system was applicable to Japan,Korea and Vietnam,among others.
Minh Hương refers to descendants of Ming dynasty immigrants who settled in southern Vietnam during the 16th and 18th centuries. They were among the first wave of ethnic Chinese who came to southern Vietnam.
A eunuch is a man who has been castrated. Throughout history,castration often served a specific social function.
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