Total population | |
---|---|
80,000 (2023) | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Moscow, Vladivostok, Saint Petersburg, and other large cities [1] | |
Languages | |
Vietnamese, Russian [2] | |
Religion | |
Predominantly Vietnamese folk religion, Mahayana Buddhism, [3] [4] minority others | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Vietnamese people |
Vietnamese people in Russia form the 72nd-largest ethnic minority community in Russia according to the 2022 census. With a population of 80,000, they are one of the smaller groups of overseas Vietnamese. [5] [6] However, the real number of Vietnamese in Russia is often hard to analyze, due to large number of illegal Vietnamese immigrants living underground across Russia and due to the nature of the Vietnamese–Russian relations. [7]
Most Vietnamese people in Russia have backgrounds as workers and political students being sent by North Vietnam during the Soviet Union, although the first Vietnamese immigrants happened to be the early students-turned war soldiers serving the Soviet Army during the World War II, [8] and are petty entrepreneurs in the retail industry; with Russia's 2007 reform of rules for retail markets, which put restrictions on the proportion of immigrant-owned shops and require Russian-language proficiency examinations as a condition of being granted a work permit and a business licence, many Vietnamese will have to close their businesses and find other lines of work, probably as manual labourers. [2] Students also form another important group; Ho Chi Minh himself studied in Moscow in the 1920s, along with other senior members of the Communist Party of Vietnam. [9] They were followed by an estimated total of 50,000 Vietnamese who studied in Russia during the Cold War. [10] Academic exchange between the two countries continued even after the dissolution of the Soviet Union; as of 2006 [update] , roughly 4,000 Vietnamese students were studying in Russian universities; the Russian government provides scholarships to 160 of them. [11] Notable Vietnamese students who have studied in Russia since the dissolution of the Soviet Union include Quynh Nguyen, a pianist from Hanoi who received a scholarship to Moscow's Gnessin State Musical College. [12]
Most Vietnamese live in Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Almost two-thirds reside in Moscow, concentrated in the southern part of the city, near the Akademicheskaya Metro station, where authorities have erected a statue of Ho Chi Minh. [5] [13] Other large communities can be found in Vladivostok and Saint Petersburg, though the community in Moscow is the most well-established and has the highest proportion of long-term residents (those who have been living there for more than 5 years). [1] Assessments of their proficiency in the Russian language vary as well; the Census recorded that roughly 80% could speak Russian, while one article in Vietnamese state-run media claimed that "many Vietnamese find it unnecessary to learn Russian. In fact, many hardly speak the language at all." [5] [2] The Census also recorded that virtually all can speak Vietnamese. [14]
There have been a growing number of Vietnamese living in Siberia. [15]
There have also been reports about the increasing Vietnamese population in North Caucasus, in particular the Russian republic of Chechnya. This has led to skepticism and suspicion from local Chechens about a Vietnamization attempt of Chechnya, and has several times resulted with ethnic clashes that left several Chechens killed, resulting with deportation of several Vietnamese. [16] The Vietnamese are also increasing their presence in neighboring Dagestan. [17] In 2013, a fight between Vietnamese and Ingush workers broke out after accusation of maltreatment from both sides in the city of Malgobek, resulting with deaths of several Vietnamese. [18]
Ho Chi Minh City, also known as Saigon, is the most populous city in Vietnam, with a population of around 10 million in 2023. The city's geography is defined by rivers and canals, of which the largest Saigon River is named after. As a municipality, Ho Chi Minh City consists of 16 urban districts, five rural districts, and one municipal city (sub-city). As the largest financial centre in Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City has the highest gross regional domestic product out of all Vietnam provinces and municipalities, contributing around a quarter of the country's total GDP. Ho Chi Minh City's metropolitan area is ASEAN's 6th largest economy, also the biggest outside an ASEAN country capital.
Hồ Chí Minh, colloquially known as Uncle Ho or just Uncle, and by other aliases and sobriquets, was a Vietnamese communist revolutionary, nationalist, and politician. He served as prime minister of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 1945 to 1955 and as president from 1945 until his death in 1969. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist, he was the Chairman and First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Vietnam, the predecessor of the current Communist Party of Vietnam.
The Việt Minh was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Front, it was created by the Indochinese Communist Party (ICP) as a national united front to achieve the independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
The First Chechen War, also referred to as the First Russo-Chechen War, was a struggle for independence waged by the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria against the Russian Federation from 11 December 1994 to 31 August 1996. This conflict was preceded by the battle of Grozny in November 1994, during which Russia covertly sought to overthrow the new Chechen government. Following the intense Battle of Grozny in 1994–1995, which concluded with a pyrrhic victory for the Russian federal forces, Russia's subsequent efforts to establish control over the remaining lowlands and mountainous regions of Chechnya were met with fierce resistance and frequent surprise raids by Chechen guerrillas. The recapture of Grozny in 1996 played a part in the Khasavyurt Accord (ceasefire), and the signing of the 1997 Russia–Chechnya Peace Treaty.
Nông Đức Mạnh is a Vietnamese politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the most powerful position in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, from 22 April 2001 to 19 January 2011. His parents were Tày peasants. Nông Đức Mạnh was born in Cường Lợi, Na Rì District, Bắc Kạn Province. He is father to Nông Quốc Tuấn, party secretary for Bắc Giang Province.
Overseas Vietnamese are Vietnamese people who live outside Vietnam. There are approximately 5 million overseas Vietnamese, the largest community of whom live in the United States.
Huỳnh Tấn Phát was a Vietnamese architect, politician and revolutionary. He was the Prime Minister and de facto leader of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. After unification, Phát became Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Construction before serving as Vice President of Vietnam until his death. He is the designer of the flag of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam.
Tôn Đức Thắng was the second president of Vietnam under the leadership of General Secretary Lê Duẩn. The position of president is ceremonial and Tôn was never a major policymaker or even a member of the Politburo, Vietnam's ruling council. He served as president, initially of North Vietnam from September 2, 1969, and later of a united Vietnam, until his death in 1980.
Voice of Ho Chi Minh City, more specifically the Voice of Ho Chi Minh City's People, is the official radio broadcasting station of Ho Chi Minh City. The station is located at 3 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Dakao Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Lê Lâm Quỳnh Như, known professionally as Như Quỳnh, is a Vietnamese-American singer. Performing Vietnamese popular music in the diaspora, she is internationally known for her vocal style, as well as duets with musicians like Thế Sơn and Trường Vũ, with whom they have been noted to "link international Vietnamese music to Vietnam itself".
Russia–Vietnam relations date back formally to 30 January 1950, when the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics established an embassy to North Vietnam. The Soviet Union was one of the first countries in the world to recognize and formally establish diplomatic relations with Vietnam, laying the foundations for strong and cooperative friendship between the two countries.
Vương Tiến Dũng is a Vietnamese football coach. After retiring from his playing career, during which he played for Thể Công and the Vietnamese national side, Vương turned to coaching and coached a number of Vietnamese football clubs.
The 9th Vietnam Film Festival was held from November 28 to December 2, 1990, in Nha Trang, Vietnam, with the slogan: "For artistic creativity and perfecting socialist Vietnamese people, for the development of national cinema".
Nigerians in Vietnam are mostly expatriates from Nigeria residing in Vietnam for business or economic purposes. They are part of a new wave of Nigerian emigrants going to non-traditional migration destinations such as Ethiopia, Ghana, and Mozambique rather than traditional favorites like Libya, the United Kingdom, or the United States. They refer to poor economic conditions in their homeland, including lack of electricity and public safety, as their primary motivations for emigration.
The Ho Chi Minh monument is a monument located in Akademichesky District, Moscow. It memorializes North Vietnamese president Ho Chi Minh, who was the chairman and founder of the Workers' Party of Vietnam. The monument was inaugurated on May 18, 1990, on the eve of Ho Chi Minh's 100th birthday.
Anti-Chechen sentiment, Chechenophobia, anti-Chechenism, or Nokhchophobia, refers to fear, dislike, hostility, hatred, discrimination, and racism towards ethnic Chechens, the Chechen language, or the Chechen culture in general. Anti-Chechen sentiment has been historically strong in Russia, and to some degree has spread to other countries in the former Soviet Union, such as Azerbaijan, to Europe, the Middle East, and to the United States. For decades, the main causes of hatred against Chechens have been largely due to the created narrative which depicts a violent mentality of Chechens, the association of Chechens with Islamic extremism, and Russian imperialist propaganda targeted at Chechens.
Lê Thị Riêng Park is a park located in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, within District 10. The park is named after a fighter associated with Viet Cong, who was buried in this area when it was a cemetery before the Fall of Saigon.
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