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Singh is a title, middle name, or surname that means "lion" in various South Asian and Southeast Asian communities. Traditionally used by the Hindu Kshatriya community, it was later mandated in the late 17th century by Guru Gobind Singh for all male Sikhs as well, in part as a rejection of caste-based prejudice and to emulate Rajput naming conventions. As a surname or a middle name, it is now found throughout the world across communities and religious groups, becoming more of a generic, caste-neutral, decorative name.
Dhillon is one of the largest Jat clans found in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan. Dhillon sardars (chiefs) ruled the Bhangi Misl in the Sikh confederacy.
Sidhu is a Punjabi Jat clan found in Punjab.
Atwal or Athwal is a Sikh family name derived from a tribe of Jats. It is also a Jat clan.
Randhawa is a Jat clan found in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan. The Randhawa name has special significance in the history of the Sikh faith, the first appointed Granthi was a Randhawa There are also adherents of Hinduism and Islam belonging to the Randhawa clan.
In India, Pannu is a surname of the Rajput-Jat community of Punjab. It is likely to be originated from the ancient Pannam dynasty (ganrajya).
Jat Sikh or Jatt Sikh is an ethnoreligious group, a subgroup of the Jat people whose traditional religion is Sikhism, originating from the Indian subcontinent. They are one of the dominant communities in the Punjab, India, owing to their large land holdings. They form an estimated 20–25% of the population of the Indian state of Punjab. They form at least half of the Sikh population in Punjab, with some sources estimating them to be about 60–66% appx. two-third of the Sikh population.
Jaswal is an Indian surname found among Jat Sikhs and Muslims of Punjab. It is also a clan of Rajputs that commanded the former princely state of Jaswan.
Gill may be a surname or given name, derived from a number of unrelated sources.
Bindra is a Punjabi surname found among Jats & Khatris. Many Bindra Khatris were located in Rawalpindi district.
Shergill is a surname and clan IAST: (गोत्रा) of Jats, its parent clan is Gill. According to oral history, the founding progenitor of the clan was a man named Shergill, who was the son of Gill. The Majithia family belong to this clan.
Mehra is a Khatri Hindu surname found in India, predominantly in the Punjab, Delhi and Jammu Regions. They generally come under the Dhai Ghar group of the Khatri Caste. Mehra surname are mainly Khatri in origin but many clans from other states also uses this surname as well. They are also known as Kashyap Rajputs. This surname derives from the word Mihir, meaning sun or master.
Dhaliwal, also known as Dhariwal, is a surname and clan found among the Jat Sikhs of Punjab, India. Historically, they were influential Sardars under the Singh Krora Misl during the Sikh Confederacy in India.
Sandhu or Sindhu is the second largest clan of Jats in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan. The Sandhus played an important role in the Sikh history. During the period of the Sikh Confederacy, Sandhus ruled several sovereign states (misls) including the Nakai Misl, Shaheedan Misl and the Kanhaiya Misl.
The Jat people, also spelt Jaat, Zuṭṭ and Jatt, are an iranian tribe traditionally agricultural community in Iraq, Iran, Northern India and Pakistan. Originally pastoralists in historical Zuṭṭistān, was an eastern province of Persian empire, Situated in current Pakistan. Many Jats migrated north into the Punjab region in late medieval times, and subsequently into the Delhi Territory, northeastern Rajputana, and the western Gangetic Plain in the 17th and 18th centuries. Of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh faiths, they are now found mostly in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan and the Pakistani regions of Sindh, Punjab and AJK.
Brar is a surname, and a Jat clan from the Punjab region.
Modern historians agree that Rajputs consisted of a mix of various different social groups and different varnas. Rajputisation explains the process by which such diverse communities coalesced into the Rajput community.
Bhatti is a Punjabi and a Sindhi caste of Rajputs. and Jats. The name Bhatti is a Punjabi form of Bhati, and they along with Bhuttos and Bhatias claim to have originated from the Hindu Bhati Rajputs. The Bhati/Bhatti Rajputs, are descended from a common ancestor, Rao Bhatti, a 3rd-century Hindu monarch.
Dheer is a surname found among the Brahmins and Khatris of Punjab. The Dhirs of Kapurthala descend from Baba Mahya, who was the Guru (teacher) of Guru Amardās of the Sikhs, and is still revered at Dhir weddings. The word "Dhir" translates to brave. The Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh, a Persian language book about the history of India and the Mughal Empire was written by Sujan Rai Bhandari, a Dhir Khatri from Batala in Gurdaspur. The Dhirs of Batala moved there before the end of Akbar's reign as soldiers. Bhai Bula, a Dhir Khatri was a dedicated Sikh of the time of Guru Arjan. His son, Dayal Das Dhir was martyred during a battle against the Mughals in Amritsar.
References
- ↑ Hanks, Patrick; Coates, Richard; McClure, Peter (17 November 2016). The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland. Oxford University Press. p. 2801. ISBN 978-0-19-252747-9.
Virk: Indian (Panjab): Sikh, based on the name of a Jat clan. The founder of the clan is believed to have been a Rajput called Virak
- ↑ Journal, Dental Anthropology. "Dental Anthropology Journal". journal.dentalanthropology.org (23 ed.). p. 1. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
Traditionally, the Jat Sikhs have been endogamous at caste level and exogamous at the (gotra) sub-caste level (Sidhu, 2003). These are divided into numerous clans like Aulak, Bains, Bajwa, Bal, Bath, Bhullar, Chahal, Dhaliwal, Dhillon, Dosanjh, Gill, Grewal, Hundal, Kang, Randhawa, Sahota, Sidhu and Virk.
- ↑ Dhavan, Purnima (2011). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799 (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0199756551 . Retrieved 8 July 2022.
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