Tiwana family of Shahpur

Last updated

The Tiwana family of Shahpur is a Punjabi Muslim feudal family part of the Tiwana Punjabi clan of Jats elite. [1] [2] The Tiwana family is one of the largest landowning families in the Punjab and its members have played an influential role in Punjabi politics since the 1600s.

Contents

Shahpur District was once headed by Malik Sahib Khan Tiwana and Council Member Mehar Khan Tiwana in 1862, while his successors include Malik Umar Hayat Khan Tiwana former Major General in British Army, Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana former Prime Minister of United Punjab, Major Ishaq Tiwana (a decorated pre-partition officer from Royal Indian Army and famous for his exceptional horse-riding skill, honesty and valour), Mr. Razzaq Tiwana (Current Numberdar of Shahpur and a retired Bureaucrat), Chief Engineer Mumtaz Tiwana (famous Merchant Navy Commander), Aasim Tiwana (a well-reckoned Bureaucrat and Current Affairs Anchor on National Media), Malik Khuda Buksh Tiwana (former Minister), Malik Ghulam Muhammad Tiwana (former MNA), Malik Ehsan Ullah Tiwana (former MNA) and Ms. Sidra Tiwana (a federal Bureaucrat of Pakistan).

Other notables of Tiwana clan of Shahpur include Khaliq Yar Tiwana (deceased Army and later Police officer), Asim Yar Tiwana (Fashion Designer), Shoukat Tiwana (retired senior Prisons Officer), Shahzadi Umerzadi Tiwana (former Minister) who is also daughter of former Premier of Punjab Sir Khizar Hayat Tiwana and grand-daughter of General Omar Hayat Tiwana, Major Islam Tiwana (Former Pakistan Army Infantry Officer).

Background

Origins

Mir Ali Khan, the founder of the family, settled at Okhali Mohlah in the district of Khushab in the mid-17th century. [3] In around 1680 his son Mir Ahmad Khan built Mitha Tiwana. [3]

18th century

Mir Ahmad Khan's successors Dadu Khan and Sher Khan continued to build up Mitha Tiwana helping it to become a thriving town in the region. Sher Khan considerably enlarged his territory at the expense of neighbouring Awan tribes and refused to pay tribute to his governors at Dera Ismail Khan. [3] In 1745 he founded the village of Nurpur Tirwana. [3] He later rebelled against Inayat Khan of the Jhang Sials who had placed him in charge of the village of Mari, driving the Sials out of Khai and laying siege to Kot Langar Khan. [3] Inayat Kan would later defeat Sher Khan when he sent an army to relieve the siege. Sher Khan died in 1757, leaving two sons Khan Muhammad Khan and Khan Beg Khan.

Khan Beg Khan usurped his brother Khan Muhammad Khan as chief, when the latter had gone to Jhang to visit kinsmen. Khan Muhmmad subsequently raised an army from Nurpur Tirwana, defeated his brother and imprisoned him. [2] Khan Muhammad was engaged in constant battles with neighbours. He marched on Lal Khan, the Chief of Khushab, opening fire on the town and tying prisoners to the guns to divert the fire of the enemy. [2] Lal Khan called Mahan Singh Sukharchakia, an old friend of Khan Muhammad, to his aid, and Mahan Singh brought a large force compelling Khan Muhammad to retire.

Sikh Empire

Towards the end of his reign Khan Beg once again took up arms against Khan Muhammad. In 1803, Khan Muhammad agreed to pay Maharajah Ranjit Singh a subsidy of one lakh of rupees to defeat Khan Beg. [2] Despite this victory over his brother, in 1804 he was compelled by his son Ahmad Yar Khan to yield the chiefship to him. [2]

In 1817, Maharajah Ranjit Singh sent a force under Misr Diwan Chand against Ahmad Yar Khan, who subsequently submitted to his authority, and was granted the jagir of Jhawrian worth around ten thousand rupees. [4] Hari Singh Nalwa was granted the jagir of Mitha Tiwana in 1819. [4] In 1821, Ahmad Yar Khan marched with the Maharajah against his old enemy the Nawab of Mankera. The Maharajah, impressed by the Tiwana Horse, insisted on a troop of fifty horsemen returning with him to Lahore. [4] Ahmad Yar Khan's brother, Khuda Yar Khan was appointed rough rider to the Maharajah, and superintended his hunting expeditions until his death in 1837. [4] Khuda Yar Khan's son Fateh Khan rose to prominence first serving under Hari Singh Nalwa and then through the patronage of Raja Dhyan Singh. He was involved in the murder of Pashaura Singh alongside Chattar Singh Attariwalla. [4] He was killed at the outset of the Second Anglo-Sikh War by mutineers at his fort of Dalipnagar in Bannu.

British India

A number of members of the family achieved recognition for assistance provided during Indian Rebellion of 1857. [5] Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana rendered service at Hissar and Jhajjar, whilst his cousin Sher Muhammad Khan assisted in the Doaba, Oudh and Bareilly. Each were rewarded with jagirs and the title Khan Bahadur. [2] Another family member Sahib Khan was also elevated to Khan Bahadur, granted nearly nine thousand acres of land in Kalpi and a jagir worth 1,200 rupees. [5] Sahib Khan's son Umar Hayat Khan became a decorated soldier in the British Indian Army and was elected to the Council of the Secretary of State for India. [5] His son Khizar Hayat Tiwana would be the last Premier of the Punjab in British India.

List of Nawab of Shahpur

The hereditary rulers, the Nawab of Shahpur were assisted by a council of local elders. Details of early rulers are uncertain, with the first definite dates from 1650 onwards.

ReignNawab of Shahpur
1650-1675Mir Ali Khan Tiwana
1675-1732Mir Ahmad Khan Tiwana
1732-1740Malik Dadu Khan Tiwana
1740–1757Malik Sher Khan Tiwana
1757-1804Khan Muhammad Khan Tiwana
1804–1837Ahmad Yar Khan Tiwana
1837-1879 Malik Sahib Khan Tiwana
1879–1944 Malik Umar Hayat Khan Tiwana
1944–1975 Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana
1975–2015Malik Nazar Hayat Tiwana
2015–presentMalik Umar Hayat Tiwana - Umar II

Notable family members

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khizar Hayat Tiwana</span> Former Premier of British Punjab

Sir Malik Khizar Hayat TiwanaKCSI, OBE was a British Indian statesman, landowner, army officer, and politician belonging to the Punjab Unionist Party. He served as the prime minister of the Punjab Province of British India between 1942 and 1947. He opposed the Partition of India and the ideology of Muslim League. He was eventually ousted from office by the Muslim League through a civil disobedience campaign, plunging Punjab into communal violence that led to the partition of the province between India and Pakistan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khushab District</span> District in Punjab, Pakistan

Khushab District, is a district in the province of Punjab, Pakistan, with its administrative capital in Jauharabad. The district is named after the historical city of Khushab.

The National Unionist Party was a political party based in the Punjab Province during the period of British rule in India. The Unionist Party mainly represented the interests of the landed gentry and landlords of Punjab, which included Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs. The Unionists dominated the political scene in Punjab from World War I to the independence of India and the creation Pakistan after the partition of the province in 1947. The party's leaders served as Prime Minister of the Punjab. The creed of the Unionist Party emphasized: "Dominion Status and a United Democratic federal constitution for India as a whole".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hari Singh Nalwa</span> General of the Sikh Empire (1791–1837)

Hari Singh Nalwa was the commander-in-chief of the Sikh Khalsa Fauj, the army of the Sikh Empire. He is known for his role in the conquests of Kasur, Sialkot, Attock, Multan, Kashmir, Peshawar and Jamrud. Hari Singh Nalwa was responsible for expanding the frontier of Sikh Empire to beyond the Indus River right up to the mouth of the Khyber Pass. At the time of his death, Jamrud constituted the western boundary of the Empire.

Roda is a village (Thal) and one of the 51 Union Councils of Khushab District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is located at 32°4'26N 72°5'60E, southwest of Khushab city.

Shahpur District, established in 1893 during the British Raj, existed in what is now Pakistan until 1960. From its inception until 1914, Shahpur served as the district headquarters. In 1914, the headquarters were relocated to Sargodha, although the district retained the name Shahpur. In 1960, the Sargodha District was formed, and Shahpur District was restructured as Shahpur Tehsil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malik Umar Hayat Khan</span> Indian soldier and landowner (1874–1944)

Major General Nawab Sir Umar Hayat Khan Tiwana, was a soldier of the Indian Empire, one of the largest landholders in the Punjab, and an elected member of the Council of State of India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mumtaz Daultana</span> Pakistani politician

Mian Mumtaz Daulatana, was a Pakistani politician and a key supporter of Pakistan Movement in British India. After independence, he served as the second Chief Minister of West Punjab in Pakistan.

Khan Sahib, Qazi Zafar Hussain came from a qadi's family which had, since the 16th century, been prominent among the landed aristocracy of the Soon Valley. He belonged to Awans tribe of ancient repute. He was awarded the title of Khan Sahib by the British Crown. This was a formal title, a compound of khan (leader) and sahib (Lord), which was conferred in Mughal Empire and British India. Although his father, Qazi Mian Muhammad Amjad forbade his descendants to establish Dargah, he was considered Sajjada Nashin by the people of his area. "Sajjada nashins" David Gilmartin asserts, "claimed to be the descendants of the Sufi, 'saints', intermediaries between the Faithful and their God, and this cut against the grain of Islamic orthodoxy ... in kind, of their special religious status, these sajjada nashins had become men of local standing in their own right." However he never claimed to be a Sajjada Nashin. In the Punjab, the sajjada nashin or pir families were not so rich in terms of land as the great land lords of Punjab but these sajjada nashin or pir families exerted great political and religious influence over the people. The British could not administer the area without their help and no political party could win the election without their help.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Punjab Muslim League</span> Branch of the Muslim League in Punjab, Pakistan

When the All-India Muslim League was founded at Dacca, on 30 December 1906 at the occasion of the annual All India Muhammadan Educational Conference, It was participated by the Muslim leaders from Punjab, i.e., Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi, Mian Fazl-i-Hussain, Abdul Aziz, Khawaja Yusuf Shah and Sh. Ghulam Sadiq. Earlier Mian Muhammad Shafi organised a Muslim Association in early 1906, but when the All-India Muslim League was formed, he established its powerful branch in the Punjab of which he became the general secretary. Shah Din was elected as its first president. This branch, organised in November 1907, was known as the Punjab Provincial Muslim League.

Qazi Mazhar Qayyum 'Raees-Azam Naushera', is a Pakistani politician. He came from a qadi's family that had been prominent among the landed aristocracy of the Soon Valley since the 16th century.

Umerpura Chak No.50 R/B ਟਿਵਾਨਾ, ٹوانہ Tiwana is a village in Shahkot tehsil, Nankana Sahib District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) from Shahkot on the road to Sangla Hill. It has a primary school and a girls' middle school.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jhawarian</span> Town in Punjab, Pakistan

Jhawarian is a town located near the Jhelum River in the District Sargodha, Tehsil Shahpur, Punjab, Pakistan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khan Bahadur</span> Award

Khan Bahadur – a compound of Khan "Leader" and Bahadur "Brave" – was a honorary title in British India conferred on Indian subjects who were adherents of Islam or Zoroastrianism. The equivalent title for Hindus, Buddhists and Indian Christians was Rao Bahadur/Rai Bahadur and Sardar Bahadur for Sikhs. The title of Khan Bahadur was one degree higher than the title of Khan Sahib.

Malik Sahib Khan TiwanaCSI was a Punjabi Muslim Jatt landowner during the British India.

Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana was a Punjabi landowner, Sardar of Mitha Tiwana State and politician during the Sikh Empire.

References

  1. Jinnah, M.A.; Wavell, A.P.W.E.; Garewal, S.M. (1986). Jinnah-Wavell Correspondence, 1943-47. Publication (Research Society of Pakistan). Research Society of Pakistan, University of the Punjab. Retrieved 25 July 2023. Khizr Hayat Khan, b. August 7, 1900; belonged to Tiwana (Jat) family of Sargodha
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lethbridge, Sir Roper (1893). The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated of the Indian Empire. Aakar Books. ISBN   978-81-87879-54-1 . Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Singh, Rishi (2015). State formation and the establishment of non-Muslim hegemony: post-Mughal 19th-century Punjab (1780–1839). Los Angeles, London, New Delhi: SAGE Publications. p. 232. ISBN   9789351500759.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Griffin, Lepel H. (1865). The Punjab chiefs historical and biographical notices of the principal families in the territories under the Punjab government. Lahore: Chronicle press.
  5. 1 2 3 Talbot, Ian (16 December 2013). Khizr Tiwana, the Punjab Unionist Party and the Partition of India. Routledge. p. 1136790292.
  6. "Profile". www.pap.gov.pk. Retrieved 20 February 2021.