Battle of Gurdas Nangal

Battle of Gurdas Nangal
	Part of Mughal–Sikh Wars
Date	1 April – 7 December 1715; (8 months and 1 week)
Location	Gurdas Nangal, Punjab
Result	Mughal Victory
Territorial; changes	Fall of the First Sikh State of Banda Singh and all of his territories are captured by the Mughals.
Belligerents
First Sikh State	Mughal Empire
Commanders and leaders
Banda Singh ; Baj Singh ; Binod Singh ; Hakim Nand	Farrukhsiyar ; Abd al-Samad Khan ; Zakariya Khan ; Qamar-ud-din Khan
Strength
1,250	35,000
Casualties and losses
300 dead; 750 captured	Unknown

Last updated November 10, 2024

The Battle of Gurdas Nangal took place in April 1715 between the Sikhs, led by Banda Singh Bahadur, and the Mughal Army, led by Abd al-Samad Khan. Banda, at that time was carrying out operations and small raids to the north of Amritsar. During these operations, the Mughal Army confronted the Sikhs. When confronted, the Sikhs moved northward taking shelter in the fort of Gurdaspur. It had been recently extended to accommodate 60,000 horses, and stores of food, grain and fodder had also been collected there. The Mughal Army converged upon the fort from three sides. The Delhi force of 20,000 men under Qamar-ud-din Khan advanced from the east. The Governor of Lahore’s troops, consisting of 10,000 men under Abd al-Samad Khan, marched from the south. Finally, Jammu troops numbering nearly 5,000, under Zakariya Khan, approached from the north. To the west of the fort was the River Ravi, which had no bridge over it. All the boats had been withdrawn to the opposite bank, which was closely guarded by numerous local chiefs and Mughal government officials. The Mughal pursuit made it so the Sikhs could not enter the fort at Gurdaspur. Thus, the Sikh army quickly turned west.^{[ citation needed ]}

Due to all escape routes being barred, Banda Bahadur and his army rushed into the haveli of Duni Chand, which had a large open compound with a wall around it, at the village of Gurdas Nangal, 6 km to the west of Gurdaspur. In it, Banda accommodated 1,250 men along with a small number of horses.

The Sikhs dug a ditch around the enclosure and filled it with water from the canal flowing nearby. The Mughals also dug trenches all around the enclosure. The battle then commenced at the beginning of April 1715. The news of the battle reached Farrukhsiyar on 17 April 1715. The siege lasted a little over eight months. The whole summer from April to June, the entire rainy season from July to September, and half of winter from October to the beginning of December passed during the siege, with frequent sorties and occasional skirmishes.

Muhammad Qasim, a Mughal soldier who fought against the Sikhs in this campaign, wrote:

The brave and daring deeds of the infernal Sikhs was wonderful. Twice or thrice everyday some forty or fifty of the black-faced Sikhs came out of their enclosure to gather grass for their cattle, and, when the combined forces of the Mughals went to oppose them, they made an end of the Mughals with arrows, muskets and small swords, and disappeared. Such was the terror of the Sikhs and the fear of the sorceries of the Sikh Chief that the commanders of this army prayed that God might so ordain things that Banda should seek his safety in flight from the Garhi.

Eventually, the supplies of foodstuffs and fodder dwindled. All animals perished, and their flesh was eaten. Next, their bones and the bark of trees were powdered and eaten. Many Sikhs died of hunger and the rest were completely famished and reduced to a skeletal appearance. Seeing that resistance had completely ceased, the Mughal Army on 7 December 1715, ventured into the enclosure. About 300 Sikh men, all on the verge of death, were beheaded. Their bodies were then cut up in search of gold coins which the Mughal army believed that they had swallowed. Banda was then, along with his 750 followers, captured and taken to Delhi for execution.

Articles recovered from the enclosure
Item	Quantity
Swords	1000
Shields	278
Small Kirpans	217
Matchlocks	180
Bows and Quivers	173
Daggers	114
Silver Rupees	600
Gold Mohars	23
Gold Ornaments	11

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References

↑ Jacques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Press. p. 421. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5.
↑ Gupta, Hari Ram (2007). History Of Sikhs Vol. 2 Evolution of Sikh Confedaricies. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 81-215-0248-9.
↑ Gupta, Hari Ram (2007). History Of Sikhs Vol. 2 Evolution of Sikh Confedaricies. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 81-215-0248-9.

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[village-1] Jacques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Press. p. 421. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5.

[2] Gupta, Hari Ram (2007). History Of Sikhs Vol. 2 Evolution of Sikh Confedaricies. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 81-215-0248-9.

[3] Gupta, Hari Ram (2007). History Of Sikhs Vol. 2 Evolution of Sikh Confedaricies. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 81-215-0248-9.

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