Chandu Lal | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Prime Minister of Hyderabad | |
| In office 1833–1844 | |
| Monarch | Sikandar Jah |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 15 April 1845 |
Chandu Lal Malhotra (1766 –15 April 1845 ),better known as Maharaja Chandu Lal was the Prime Minister (1833–1844) for the 3rd Nizam of Hyderabad,Sikandar Jah. He was born in Hyderabad Deccan (now Hyderabad,India),and hailed from a Hindu family of the Khatri caste with origins in Lahore. He was also a poet of Urdu,Hyderabadi,Punjabi and Persian. [1] [2]
Chandu Lal Sadan was born in a Hindu Malhotra family of Punjabi Khatri background. [3] [4] His father was Rai Naryen Das,who migrated from Rai Bareilly to Hyderabad State. [5] His ancestors had served in the Mughal courts. [6] [5] His family is the founder of the Dafter-e-Mal (Department of Finance) in Hyderabad Deccan during Nizam ul Mulk Asif Jah I. The future Prime Minister,Maharaja Sir Kishen Pershad,was his great-grandson. The family was famously known as Malwala Family in Hyderabad. [6]
Chandu Lal was a Minister within the court of Maharaja Ranjit Singh under the Sikh Empire. They both had good relations and Chandu Lal Malotra became a General in the Sikh Khalsa Army. He then converted and became a devout Sehajdhari Sikh.
In an agreement between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the Nizam of Hyderabad for the construction of a Gurudwara in the spot where Guru Gobind Singh Ji died and the Nizam of Hyderabad making it 4 acres large made of marble,Ranjit Singh would give him 24,000 Nihang Sikhs as private unpaid soldiers to quell rebellions.[ citation needed ]
Chandu Lal may have considered himself a Nanakpanthi,as he was devotee of the Udasi saint,Baba Priyatam Das. [4]
He started his career as a subordinate in the customs department of Kingdom of Hyderabad. [7] Later he received the title of Raja Bahadur from Nawab Sikandar Jah. Sikandar Jah selected him as accounts officer of his army. British historian states "Due to the ladting effect of Chundoo Lal the dominions of the Nizam seem to look like a Sikh one rather than a Mohhamedan." The Nihang forces refused to be paid and said they would only be paid by the Akal Takht. Later after the Anglo Sikh Wars Nihangs fled to the South,where they battled against revolt earning respect by many. It is even noted by historians that Nihangs were used as bodyguards.[ citation needed ] In 1819 Chandu Lal received the title of Maharaja from Sikandar Jah and a cash award of one crore rupees. In 1822 he was made the head of seven thousand horsemen with the title of Raja e Rajagan from Nawab Nasir ud dawlah. After the death of Monir-ul-Mulk in 1833,Chandu Lal succeeded him as a prime minister. [5]
Chandu Lal was made prime minister of Hyderabad Deccan twice. First in the year 1808 then in 1832 AD and he held the office until 1843 AD. [5]
As per legends,a saint returning from a pilgrimage to Tirumala,stopped at Alwal. During his stay,the saint who was carrying an idol of Lord Balaji,sat meditating under a tamarind tree. Chandulal Bahadur,along with his family paid a visit to the saint to seek his blessings. The saint told Chandulal that Lord Venkateswara had appeared in his dreams and told him that a temple should be built at Alwal for devotees who could not afford to go to Tirumala. Chandulal built a small temple and installed the idol of Lord Venkateswara. [8] The temple has been declared as an heritage structure. [9]
Chandu Lal (who used the pen name "Shaadan" (شادن) ) as a learned man,was a patron of Urdu poetry and literature. His patronship attracted Urdu poets to his court. He even invited poets from Northern India like Zauq and Baksh Nasikh and Mirza Ghalib from Delhi to Hyderabad State but they couldn't turn up for some reasons.[ citation needed ] Despite the responsibility of his prime ministerial office he used to regularly organize and attend Mushaira . [5]
Hyderabad State or Hyderabad Deccan was a kingdom,country,and princely state in the Deccan with its capital at the city of Hyderabad. It is now divided into the state of Telangana,the Kalyana-Karnataka region of Karnataka,and the Marathwada region of Maharashtra in present-day India,which annexed it in 1948.
Ranjit Singh was the founder and first maharaja of the Sikh Empire,ruling from 1801 until his death in 1839. He ruled as the chief of the Sukerchakia Misl from 1792 to 1801 when he unified the Punjabi states,drove the Afghans out and was proclaimed the "Maharaja of Punjab". He survived smallpox in infancy but lost sight in his left eye. He fought his first battle alongside his father at age 10.
Nizam of Hyderabad was the title of the ruler of Hyderabad State. Nizam is a shortened form of Niẓām ul-Mulk,which means Administrator of the Realm,and was the title bestowed upon Asaf Jah I when he was appointed Viceroy of the Deccan by the Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar. In addition to being the Mughal Viceroy (Naib) of the Deccan,Asaf Jah I was also the premier courtier of the Mughal Empire until 1724,when he established the independent monarchy of Hyderabad and adopted the title "Nizam of Hyderabad".
Nanded is a city in Maharashtra state,India. It is the tenth largest city in the state and the seventy-ninth most populated city in India. It is the second largest city in Marathwada region. It is the district headquarters of Nanded district.
The Fauj-i-Khas was a brigade of the Fauj-i-Ain section of the Sikh Khalsa Army of Punjab. It consisted of very experienced elites and had separate flag and emblem. It was strictly disciplined on French pattern. All the equipment and weapons were of the best type. It grew to be the best organised section of the regular army (Fauj-i-Ain)
Mir Osman Ali Khan,Asaf Jah VII was the last Nizam (ruler) of the Princely State of Hyderabad,the largest state in the British Indian Empire. He ascended the throne on 29 August 1911,at the age of 25 and ruled the State of Hyderabad between 1911 and 1948,until India annexed it. He was styled as His Exalted Highness (H.E.H) the Nizam of Hyderabad,and was widely considered one of the world's wealthiest people of all time. With some estimates placing his wealth at 2% of U.S. GDP,his portrait was on the cover of Time magazine in 1937. As a semi-autonomous monarch,he had his mint,printing his currency,the Hyderabadi rupee,and had a private treasury that was said to contain £100 million in gold and silver bullion,and a further £400 million of jewels. The major source of his wealth was the Golconda mines,the only supplier of diamonds in the world at that time. Among them was the Jacob Diamond,valued at some £50 million,and used by the Nizam as a paperweight.
Sher Singh was the fourth Maharaja of the Sikh Empire. Elder of the twins of Maharaja Ranjit Singh,founder of the Sikh Empire and Maharani Mehtab Kaur. His reign began on 18 January 1840 following his assault on Lahore which ended the brief regency of Maharani Chand Kaur. He was assassinated on 15 September 1843 by Ajit Singh Sandhawalia.
Sikander Jah,Asaf Jah III,was the 6th Nizam of Hyderabad,India from 1803 to 1829. He was born in Chowmahalla Palace in the Khilwath,the second son of Asaf Jah II and Tahniat un-nisa Begum.
Mir Farqunda Ali Khan commonly known as Nasir-ud-Daulah,was seventh Nizam of Hyderabad,a princely state of British India,from 24 May 1829 until his death in 1857.
The Sikh Khalsa Army,also known as Khalsaji or simply Sikh Army,was the military force of the Sikh Empire. With its roots in the Khalsa founded by Guru Gobind Singh,the army was later modernised on Franco-British principles by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. It was divided in three wings:the Fauj-i-Khas (elites),Fauj-i-Ain and Fauj-i-Be Qawaid (irregulars). Due to the lifelong efforts of the Maharaja and his European officers,it gradually became a prominent fighting force of Asia. Ranjit Singh changed and improved the training and organisation of his army. He reorganized responsibility and set performance standards in logistical efficiency in troop deployment,manoeuvre,and marksmanship. He reformed the staffing to emphasize steady fire over cavalry and guerrilla warfare,improved the equipment and methods of war. The military system of Ranjit Singh combined the best of both old and new ideas. He strengthened the infantry and the artillery. He paid the members of the standing army from treasury,instead of the Mughal method of paying an army with local feudal levies.
The Asaf Jahi was a Muslim dynasty that ruled the Hyderabad State. The family came to India in the late 17th century and became employees of the Mughal Empire. They were great patrons of Indo-Persian culture,language,and literature,and the family found ready patronage.
Maharaja Sir Kishen Pershad Bahadur Yamin us-Sultanat was an Indian noble who served as Prime Minister of Hyderabad twice.
Aurangabad is one of the historical cities of the Deccan,India. It is well known for its literary and cultural traditions. As this city was the stronghold of the Mughals,a number of civil and military officers,men of letters,citizens,etc.,from Delhi came here with the result that Aurangabad was so much influenced by the North Indian culture that it was considered to be the Delhi of the Deccan. Thus,till 1763,Aurangabad was the seat of Government and the capital of the Deccan. Afterwards when Hyderabad was made the capital,poets,literary men and learned people gradually left Aurangabad and this city lost its literary prominence. Still the city continued to produce men of literary genius well into the 20th century. Though,Aurangabad had gained its importance since the time of Malik Ambar,up to 1700 AD the literary achievements of that city in regard to the Urdu language are not traceable. The Urdu spoken in Aurangabad is Hyderabadi Urdu,which in itself is a form of Dakhini Urdu.
Mah Laqa Bai,born Chanda Bai,and sometimes referred to as Mah Laqa Chanda,was an Indian 18th century Urdu poet,courtesan (tawaif) and philanthropist based in Hyderabad. In 1824,she became the first female poet to have a diwan of her work,a compilation of Urdu Ghazals named Gulzar-e-Mahlaqa,published posthumously. She lived in a period when Dakhini was making its transition into the highly Persianized Urdu. Her literary contributions provide insight into such linguistic transformations in southern India.
Hazur Sahib,also known as Takht Sachkhand Sri Hazur Abchalnagar Sahib,is one of the five takhts in Sikhism. The gurdwara was built between 1832 and 1837 by Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780–1839). It is located on the banks of the Godavari River at the city of Nanded in the state of Maharashtra,India.
Akali Phula Singh Nihang was an Akali Nihang Sikh leader. He was a saint soldier of the Khalsa Shaheedan Misl and head of the Budha Dal in the early 19th century. He was also a senior general in the Sikh Khalsa Army and commander of the irregular Nihang of the army. He played a role in uniting Sikh misls in Amritsar. He was not afraid of the British who at many times ordered for his arrest but were not successful. During his later years he served for the Sikh Empire as a direct adviser to Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He remained an army general in many famous Sikh battles up until his martyrdom in the battle of Nowshera. He was admired by the local people and had a great influence over the land and his settlement was always open to help the poor and helpless. He was well known and was a humble unique leader and prestigious warrior with high character. He was also known for his effort to maintain the values of Gurmat and the Khalsa panth.
The Hyderabad State Forces were the armed forces of the princely state of Hyderabad. People from both India and abroad were recruited into the Forces. Among these groups were Arab nationals like Chaush and African nationals like Siddis who now stay in Barkas and A. C. Guards areas of Hyderabad respectively. The Hyderabad cavalry was chiefly composed of Muslim castes such as Mughals,Pathans,Syeds,Sheikhs and Balochs. They were principally recruited from the Deccan,but Delhi,Lucknow,Shahjahanpur,Sindh and Balochistan also supplied recruits to bolster ranks. These non-indigenous soldiers were known as the "Rohollas". The Hindus made a very small portion of the cavalry. The Nizam of Hyderabad also had about 1200 Sikh guards. Other battalions within the army were referred to with the suffix "-walas". Some troops were also supplied by the Europeans for the security of the Nizam.
The localities and neighborhoods of Hyderabad have unique oral histories,dating to the time of the Qutb Shahi dynasty,over 400 years ago,and are named after various people and things. Some are named after a major building or structure in the locality,others named for individuals. The names are mostly in Telugu and Urdu,the major languages of the city. This is a list of localities,neighborhoods and streets of Hyderabad and their etymology.
Sham Raj II,,,was an Indian noble who served as a member of H. E. H the Nizam's Executive Council. He was the first Hindu member in the executive council. Some of the ancestors of Sham Raj Bahadur were themselves peshkars and diwan to the Nizams and still earlier their family served at various points in their career to Shah Jahan,the Mughal Emperor. A member of the powerful Rai Rayan family,Sham Raj built a magnificent personal library inside his palace containing 45,000 rare books,which he later generously opened to public.
2024-04-04
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