Wagner's bonneted bat

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Wagner's bonneted bat
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Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Molossidae
Genus: Eumops
Species:
E. glaucinus
Binomial name
Eumops glaucinus
Wagner, 1843
Distribution of Eumops glaucinus.png
Synonyms

Dysopes glaucinus
Molossus ferox
Nyctinomus orthotis

Contents

Wagner's bonneted bat or Wagner's mastiff bat [2] (Eumops glaucinus), is a species of bat in the family Molossidae. It is found in the Americas from Argentina and Peru north to Mexico, and Cuba. [1] Populations in Florida in the United States are now recognized as the Florida bonneted bat (E. floridanus.) [3]

Description

Cheiromeles torquatus.jpg
Example of a gular-thoracic gland in a black bonneted bat [5]

Eumops glaucinus is a medium-sized mastiff bat, but its size varies across its range. It is roughly 24 or 25 centimeters long and between 30 and 47 grams in weight, with pregnant females sometimes heavier. The male is generally larger than the female. The species has a short, shiny pelage of bicolored hairs that are lighter at the bases, and the overall coat color can be black, brown, grayish, or cinnamon. The underparts are duller and paler. [2]

The bat has a long snout. It lacks a leaf-shaped nose appendage and protruding upper lip, but it has a keel above the eye. The ears are about 2 centimeters in length and are wider than long. They are joined to form the "bonnet" shape. The wingspan is about 41 to 47 centimeters. The wings are narrow, as in other mastiff bats. The wings are adapted to long but rapid flights, especially in open areas. [2]

This bat has a musky odor. The male has a gular-thoracic gland of unknown function; it may be used to mark females or territory. [2]

Systematics

The Florida bonneted bat (E. floridanus) was treated as a subspecies [2] and later elevated to species status. Though E. glaucinus is variable, it was treated as one species, [6] but suspected to be a species complex. [1] The complex was then defined as a group of four species: E. glaucinus, E. floridanus, E. ferox, and an unnamed species from Ecuador. [3]

Ecology

This bat is common in subtropical and tropical forest habitat, but it has often been recorded living in urban areas, including large cities. It appears to be attracted to the heat of metal roofs. It can also be found in deserts, swamps, and scrubland. It roosts in the canopies of trees and in cavities in the trunks, including abandoned woodpecker nests. It has been observed in royal palm (Roystonea regia), degame (Calycophyllum candidissimum), gumbo-limbo (Bursera simaruba), and Cuban palm (Copernicia gigas). [2] It has been recorded at elevations up to 2750 meters. [7]

This species may live near other bats, such as the velvety free-tailed bat (Molossus molossus), the broad-eared bat (Nyctinomops laticaudatus), the little goblin bat (Mormopterus minutus), and Pallas's long-tongued bat (Glossophaga soricina). [2]

Behavior

The bat lives in small mixed-sex colonies, sometimes one male and a harem. It is nocturnal. It feeds on insects, including beetles, flies, bugs, orthopterans, and moths. It has been reared in captivity on a diet of vitamin-supplemented raw ground beef. [2]

The bat tends not to flee when threatened, but produces a loud, high-pitched scream. [2] It also makes this piercing call while in flight at night. [2]

This species flies high in the air, rarely near the ground, and it can take off from horizontal surfaces. It flies rapidly, usually in a straight line, echolocating and hawking to catch insects. [2]

Breeding occurs year-round in at least some regions. Most females bear one young at a time. [2]

Fossil history

The origin of E. glaucinus is found in the Blancan of the Pliocene roughly 3.3 million years ago. [8] [9]

Related Research Articles

Free-tailed bat Family of bats

The Molossidae, or free-tailed bats, are a family of bats within the order Chiroptera. The Molossidae is the fourth-largest family of bats, containing about 110 species as of 2012. They are generally quite robust, and consist of many strong-flying forms with relatively long and narrow wings with wrinkled lips shared through their genus. Their strong flying forms allows them to fly 60 miles per hour using tail winds and at altitudes over 10,000 feet. This makes them unique among bats, as they are the only bat family that withstands the elevation. They are widespread, being found on every continent except Antarctica. They are typically found in caves, abandoned mines, or tunnels.

Black bonneted bat Species of bat

The black bonneted bat, also known as Shaw's mastiff bat,, is a species of bat from the Americas.

Colombian bonneted bat Species of bat

The Colombian bonneted bat, also known as Trumbull's bonneted bat, is a bat species from South America. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela.

Bonda mastiff bat Species of bat

The Bonda mastiff bat or Thomas's mastiff bat, is a species of mastiff bat from South and Central America. It is named for the town of Bonda, near Santa Marta in Colombia.

Velvety free-tailed bat Species of bat

The velvety free-tailed bat or Pallas's mastiff bat, is a bat species in the family Molossidae.

<i>Eumops</i> Genus of bats

Eumops is a genus of bats in the family Molossidae. A total of 17 species of this genus have been described. The name "Eumops" comes from the Greek prefix "Eu-", meaning "good" or "true," and the Malayan word "mops," which means bat.

Little goblin bat Species of bat

The little goblin bat is a species of bat in the family Molossidae, the free-tailed bats. It is endemic to Cuba.

Big bonneted bat Species of bat

The big bonneted bat, or Dabbene's mastiff bat is a species of bat in the family Molossidae, native to South America. It is named for a former conservator at the Buenos Aires National Museum.

Underwoods bonneted bat Species of bat

Underwood's bonneted bat is a species of bat in the family Molossidae found in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua and the southwestern United States.

Millers mastiff bat Species of bat

Miller's mastiff bat is a species of bat in the family Molossidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Venezuela.

Blunt-eared bat Species of bat

The blunt-eared bat or Peruvian crevice-dwelling bat is a species of bat in the family Molossidae. It is monotypic within the genus Tomopeas and subfamily Tomopeatinae. It is endemic to Peru, where it is considered critically endangered. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Patagonian bonneted bat Species of bat

The Patagonian bonneted bat, also called the Patagonian dwarf bonneted bat, is a species of free-tailed bat found in Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay.

Florida bonneted bat Species of bat

The Florida bonneted bat or Florida mastiff bat is a species of bat in the genus Eumops, the bonneted bats or mastiff bats. Until recently, it was classified as a subspecies of Wagner's bonneted bat . It is endemic to southern Florida in the United States. This species has one of the smallest geographical distributions of any New World bat. It has been called "one of the most critically endangered mammal species in North America". It is protected under the Endangered Species Act.

<i>Eumops nanus</i> Species of bat

Eumops nanus is a species of bat found in Central and South America.

<i>Eumops ferox</i> Species of bat

Eumops ferox, the fierce bonneted bat or the chestnut mastiff bat, is a species of free-tailed bat found in the Caribbean and Mexico. Until recently, it was synonymous with Wagner's bonneted bat.

Eumops wilsoni is a species of bat native to Ecuador and Peru. The bat has a distinct karyotype, sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene, and other distinct genetic markers that distinguish it from closely related bats such as Eumops glaucinus and Eumops ferox. However, there are no morphological distinctions from those related species and thus there is uncertainty of its geographic distribution and population status, leading to its classification as "data deficient". Local threats to the bat's dry forest habitat further impede efforts to study the bats. Transition to farmland and urbanization threatens the dry forest habitat of the bat in the Andes. As an endemic species, the bat may be threatened by this habitat loss.

<i>Molossus alvarezi</i> Species of bat

Molossus alvarezi, or Alvarez's mastiff bat, is a species of bat in the family Molossidae, native to the Yucatán Peninsula. It lives within a relative homogenous environment within perennial forests, low forests, and a band of xeric vegetation.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Barquez, R.; Diaz, M. (2016). "Eumops glaucinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T87994083A22026467. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T87994083A22026467.en . Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Best, T. L., et al. (1997). Eumops glaucinus. Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine Mammalian Species 551, 1-6.
  3. 1 2 McDonough, M. M., et al. (2008). Speciation within bonneted bats (genus Eumops): the complexity of morphological, mitochondrial, and nuclear data sets in systematics. Journal of Mammalogy 89(5), 1306-15.
  4. Dobson, G. E. (1878). Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Order of the Trustees.
  5. ↑ Dobson, G. E. (1878). Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Order of the Trustees.
  6. ↑ Timm, R. M. and H. H. Genoways. (2004). The Florida bonneted bat, Eumops floridanus (Chiroptera: Molossidae): distribution, morphometrics, systematics, and ecology. Journal of Mammalogy 85 852-65.
  7. ↑ Tamsitt, J. R. and D. Valdivieso. (1963). Records and observations on Colombian bats. Journal of Mammalogy 44, 168-80.
  8. ↑ PaleoDB collection 19638, entry by John Alroy, Ph.D., February 18, 1993.
  9. ↑ Czaplewski, N. J. (1993). "Late Tertiary bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from the southwestern United States". Southwestern Naturalist. 38 (2): 111–118. doi:10.2307/3672062. JSTOR   3672062.
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