White-spectacled warbler | |
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From Khangchendzonga National Park, West Sikkim, India. | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Phylloscopidae |
Genus: | Phylloscopus |
Species: | P. intermedius |
Binomial name | |
Phylloscopus intermedius (La Touche, 1898) | |
Synonyms | |
Seicercus affinis (Moore, 1854) |
The white-spectacled warbler (Phylloscopus intermedius) is a species of leaf warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. It is found in Asia from the eastern Himalayas to south-eastern China and southern Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It was formerly included in the Old World warbler family, Sylviidae.
The white-spectacled warbler was described by the English entomologist and ornithologist Frederic Moore in 1854 and given the binomial name Abrornis affinis. [2] [3] In 1898 the Irish ornithologist John David Digues La Touche described another bird to which he gave the binomial name Cryptolopha intermedia. [4] These two taxa were subsequently considered to belong to the same species and were placed in the genus Seicercus. [5] [6] A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2018 found that neither Seicercus nor the closely related genus Phylloscopus were monophyletic. [7] In the subsequent reorganization the two genera were merged into Phylloscopus which had priority under the rules of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). [8] Before the merger, the nominate subspecies was Seicercus affinis affinis (Moore, F., 1854) but within the enlarged genus the name affinis was occupied by Tickell's leaf warbler Phylloscopus affinis (Tickell, 1833) which had priority. A new name zosterops was introduced to replace affinis, but under the rules of the ICZN the subspecies intermedius now had priority and became the nominate form. [9]
Three subspecies are recognised: [8]
Old World warblers are a large group of birds formerly grouped together in the bird family Sylviidae. They are not closely related to the New World warblers. The family held over 400 species in over 70 genera, and were the source of much taxonomic confusion. Two families were split out initially, the cisticolas into Cisticolidae and the kinglets into Regulidae. In the past ten years they have been the subject of much research and many species are now placed into other families, including the Acrocephalidae, Cettiidae, Phylloscopidae, and Megaluridae. In addition some species have been moved into existing families or have not yet had their placement fully resolved. A smaller number of warblers, together with some babblers formerly placed in the family Timaliidae and the parrotbills, are retained in a much smaller family Sylviidae.
Leaf warblers are small insectivorous passerine birds belonging to the genus Phylloscopus.
The greenish warbler is a widespread leaf warbler with a breeding range in northeastern Europe, and temperate to subtropical continental Asia. This warbler is strongly migratory and winters in India. It is not uncommon as a spring or early autumn vagrant in Western Europe and is annually seen in Great Britain. In Central Europe large numbers of vagrant birds are encountered in some years; some of these may stay to breed, as a handful of pairs does each year in Germany.
The green warbler, also known as green willow warbler or green leaf warbler, is a leaf warbler found in the Caucasus Mountains in southeastern Europe.
Hume's leaf warbler or Hume's warbler is a small leaf warbler which breeds in the mountains of inner Asia. This warbler is migratory and winters mainly in India.
Tickell's leaf warbler is a leaf warbler found in Asia in the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Thailand. The species has a yellowish underside and supercilium. Like other leaf warblers it feeds mostly on insects by gleaning and short sallies. An active bird, it prefers the canopy and low shrubbery and can be difficult to track as it moves actively from branch to branch, acrobatically exploring the underside of leaves and twigs. The clear yellowish undersides and lack of a wing bar can be used to tell it apart from similar species. It has slim dark legs with largely pale lower mandible and grayish wing panel.
The Chinese leaf warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. It is found only in China.
Davison's leaf warbler or the white-tailed leaf warbler, is a species of leaf warbler. It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage.
Kloss's leaf warbler is a leaf warbler found in Cambodia, China, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
Seicercus is a genus of Old World warbler formerly in the family Sylviidae but now placed in Phylloscopidae. Recent scientific studies have recommended synonymizing this genus with Phylloscopus, and are placed there.
The green-crowned warbler is a species of leaf warbler. It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage.
The chestnut-crowned warbler is a species of leaf warbler. It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage.
The Sunda warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. It is found only in Indonesia.
The yellow-breasted warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. It is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Palawan Island in the Philippines. The species is most common on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo in Indonesia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
Martens's warbler, also known as Omei warbler or Emei Shan warbler, is a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. It was first described in 1999. It is found in China and Myanmar. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
The grey-cheeked warbler is a species of leaf warbler. It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage.
Alström's warbler, or the plain-tailed warbler, is a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. It was first described in 1999. It breeds only in China and winters as far as Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is temperate forests.
The grey-crowned warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. It is found in Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
Bianchi's warbler is a species of leaf warbler. It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage.
Whistler's warbler is a species of leaf warbler. It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage.