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Winnipeg Police Service Service de police de Winnipeg (French) | |
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Abbreviation | WPS |
Motto | Building Relationships, A culture of safety for all (2015) |
Agency overview | |
Formed | 1874 |
Annual budget | $320 million (2021) [1] |
Jurisdictional structure | |
National agency (Operations jurisdiction) | Canada |
Operations jurisdiction | Canada |
Legal jurisdiction | Winnipeg |
General nature | |
Operational structure | |
Headquarters | 245 Smith Street |
Sworn members | 1355 [1] |
Unsworn members | 562 [1] |
Elected officer responsible |
|
Agency executive |
|
Facilities | |
Stations | 4 |
Website | |
www.winnipeg.ca/police |
The Winnipeg Police Service is the police force of the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
When Winnipeg became a city, in 1873, an election was held to select the city's new mayor and aldermen. Those appointed decided to hire city officials, including a chief constable. On February 23, 1874, John S. Ingram was appointed the first Chief of Police of Winnipeg. [2]
During the 1919 Winnipeg General Strike, most of the force was replaced with 2000 better-paid special constables, for refusing to sign a declaration promising to not belong to a union or participate in a sympathy strike, even though they remained on duty during the strike. The union was thus broken, and Chris H. Newton became the acting chief constable.
In 1972, Winnipeg merged with its eight neighbouring communities, causing their amalgamation, but still having eight police services with different uniforms and radio channels. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) contract for Charleswood and Headingley was cancelled, and that area fell under the inner city patrol area. On October 21, 1974, the amalgamation of the services was complete, and the remaining eight services formed into six districts. On January 1, 1975, all police officers in Winnipeg started to wear the same uniform with matching shoulder flashes that stated, "One, with the strength of many".
Police chief constables pre-amalgamation | |
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Police chief constable | Years served |
John S. Ingram | 1874–1875 |
D. B. Murray | 1875–1887 |
John C. McRae | 1887–1911 |
Donald MacPherson | 1911–1919 |
Christopher H. Newton | 1919–1934 |
George Smith | 1934–1947 |
Charles McIver | 1947–1953 |
Robert T. Taft | 1953–1965 |
George S. Blow | 1965–1970 |
Norman M. Stewart | 1970–1974 |
In the early 1990s, J.B. Dale Henry, a retired RCMP officer and former commander of the Manitoba "D" Division, was selected as the first chief of police not from the service's own ranks. Henry was well respected amongst minorities and sought to change and improve the image of police in Winnipeg. One of the most noticeable changes was the name for the police, from the "Winnipeg Police Force" (which it had been for 120 years), to the "Winnipeg Police Service". Another change was the addition of the motto "Community Commitment".
Henry also changed the department crest to the one known today and pictured above. The 13 golden stars on the badge represent the 13 communities that came together to form Winnipeg during the amalgamation in the 1970s, and the crocus is the provincial flower.
In 2003, city council approved a plan by the Winnipeg Police Service to go from six districts, to four. This plan involved three new police facilities. The new East District Station was completed in 2008, and the West District Station was completed in November 2013. [3]
The Winnipeg Police Service is headed by Chief of Police Danny Smyth, appointed November 4, 2016, succeeding Chief Devon Clunis who retired July 9, 2016. The three deputy chiefs are Art Stannard, Scot Halley, and Gene Bowers. [4] The service has 1,355 [1] officers of which approximately 20% are on the front lines, known as "general patrol" (uniform operations). The WPS also has 562 [1] civilian workers.
The Winnipeg Police Service headquarters is located at 245 Smith Street, in the former Canada Post sortation facility, in the downtown area. The previous headquarters was the Public Safety Building, built in 1966, and has been demolished to make way for the Marketlands development.
The City of Winnipeg is divided into four policing districts: Downtown, West, North and East. [5] Each district contains several generalized and specialized police units.
Specialized units include:
Rank | Chief of police | Deputy chief of police | Superintendent | Inspector | Staff sergeant | Sergeant | Detective sergeant / patrol sergeant | Constable |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Insignia |
Potential trainees must be at least eighteen years old with a high school diploma, and able to complete the Police Officer's Physical Aptitude Test (POPAT), which determines a recruit's physical ability. Training is salaried and takes 37 weeks consisting of classroom time, use of force and in the field training with assigned field training officers who supervise them while they carry out all regular duties. After this process is finished the recruit is inducted into the police service. After five years of general patrol service, officers may apply for specialty divisions like those listed above.
The Winnipeg Police Museum is a museum that displays the history of the Winnipeg Police Service from 1874 to the present. Pictures, equipment, vehicles and other artifacts are presented within the museum. An original 1911 jail cell from the North End Station is one of the highlights of the museum. [6] In June 2016, the museum moved to a new location inside police headquarters at 245 Smith Street. [7]
A 2020 Angus Reid poll of ten major cities in Canada found that Winnipeg had the sixth most favourable view of police in their community, and the third least favourable view, after Vancouver and Montreal. [8]
From the years 2000-2017, the Winnipeg Police killed 19 people; 11 of those 19 people killed were Indigenous. [9] Mi’kmaq lawyer and professor Pam Palmater has said in response to this finding that “the statistics really confirm that there is a high level of police racism abuse and violence towards Indigenous peoples.” [9]
The group Justice 4 Black Lives Winnipeg launched a petition in 2020 that calls for defunding and abolishing the Winnipeg Police Service. Their petition states, "No reform can come from these colonial practices.... The system must be rebuilt and include marginalized voices in the process in order to protect all BIPOC to this city's full capability." [10]
In 2022 and 2023, the Winnipeg Police Service faced widespread criticism for its refusal to search a city landfill for the remains of three Indigenous women who are believed to be the victims of an alleged serial killer. [11] [12] Community members, Indigenous leaders, victims’ family members, and family members of 2SMMIWG+ condemned the decision to not search the landfill sites during a press conference in Ottawa on December 8, 2022. [11] [13] One of the demands arising from the press conference was that Danny Smyth resign from his position as chief of police. [14] The Assembly of First Nations National Chief RoseAnne Archibald spoke about the Winnipeg Police Service’s refusal to search the site at the United Nations on International Women’s Day 2023, saying, “There can be no greater metaphor for how Indigenous women are treated and viewed in Canada than this particular case.” [15] Despite the Winnipeg Police Service saying the search couldn't be done, advocacy efforts led to the creation of an Indigenous-led working group tasked with evaluating the feasibility of the search. [16]
The allocation of Winnipeg’s municipal budget towards the Winnipeg Police has drastically increased since the year 2000. While the Winnipeg Police consumed 17 percent of the City’s total operating budget in the year 2000, by 2020 this had risen to over 25% with a police budget of $304.1 million. [17] [18] This represents the highest proportion of funds that the City of Winnipeg gives towards any municipal department. [19] In the same year, the City reduced funding for community groups, the maintenance of transit routes, and the Millennium Library. [20]
Advocacy groups such as Winnipeg Police Cause Harm, Justice 4 Black Lives Winnipeg, Police-Free Schools Winnipeg, the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, and the Police Accountability Coalition, which represents over 90 community-based organizations, have called for the funds allocated to the Winnipeg Police Services to be reallocated towards social services and infrastructure. [21] [22] A survey conducted by the Social Planning Council of Winnipeg found that Winnipeg residents are “three times as likely to favour spending more on poverty reduction than on investing in additional police services” in order to address crime. [23]
On March 9, 1988, Winnipeg Police constable Robert Cross attempted to detain John Joseph Harper, believing Harper was an auto theft suspect. [24] According to Cross, Harper refused to provide identification, and was shot during a scuffle when he attempted to grab Cross's gun. [25] Initially, the shooting was ruled as justified by the internal firearms board of enquiry. [26] The shooting and other events led to the Aboriginal Justice Inquiry, a comprehensive investigation into the treatment of First Nations people within the Manitoba justice system. In 1991, the inquiry concluded that the WPS internal investigation was faulty and intended more to exonerate Cross than to discover the truth. The report recommended that officer-involved shootings be investigated by independent parties. [27]
On January 31, 2005, 18-year-old Matthew Dumas was armed with a screwdriver and was confronted by Constable Dennis Gbarek (a Metis officer). At the time, police were investigating a home invasion and Dumas was believed to be involved. The constable ordered Dumas to drop the screwdriver several times while Dumas responded by lunging at the constable and was shot. Dumas died from his injuries, It was later determined he was not involved in the home invasion. [28] Two reviews of the shooting were performed by the Calgary Police Service in August 2006 and by the Ontario Crown Attorney's Office in May 2007 at the Manitoba government's request. [29] Both reviews concluded the Winnipeg Police investigation of the shooting was handled properly. In June 2008, an inquest was held into Dumas's death. [30] The inquest's report, released in December 2008, ruled that racism was not a factor in the incident. [31] [32]
In July, 17-year-old Michael Langan, a Métis, died after being tasered by police. Witnesses had reported a youth breaking into a vehicle, and police encountered Langan several blocks away, allegedly wielding a knife and refusing to surrender. David Chartrand, president of the Manitoba Metis Federation, suggested that racial profiling may have resulted in police using excessive force, an accusation that Police Chief Keith McCaskill denied. [33] In August, Craig McDougall, a member of Wasagamack First Nation and nephew of John Joseph Harper, was tasered then shot by police responding to a disturbance call in the city's West End. [34] Police reported that McDougall was brandishing a knife, though family members have disputed that claim, saying McDougall was carrying a cellular phone. [35]
In 2020, 16-year-old Eishia Hudson was shot dead by Winnipeg Police after attempting to drive into police officers in a stolen Jeep. [36] [37] On New Year’s Eve, entering into the year 2024, police were called to the University of Manitoba to do a wellness check on a male experiencing a mental health crisis. Police state the 19 year old boy Afolabi Opaso was brandishing a knife, Opaso’s friends who made the call refute this claim. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/afolabi-opaso-vigil-winnipeg-1.7082929
In February 2005, a truck driven by off-duty WPS constable Derek Harvey-Zenk, reportedly drunk [38] after having attended an all-night party, [39] rear-ended and killed Crystal Taman, a 40-year-old woman, while she was stopped at a red light. [40] The incident was initially investigated by East St. Paul Police. Harvey-Zenk was originally charged with "impaired driving causing death" and numerous other charges. In July 2007, however, Harvey-Zenk was pled down to "dangerous driving causing death" (a lesser charge) and given a conditional sentence of "two years less a day", to be served at his home. [41]
Public outcry over the plea and allegations that the investigation had been botched led to a provincial inquiry, which began in June 2008. [42] [43] At the inquiry, multiple police officers testified that they did not notice Harvey-Zenk drinking, leading to allegations of a police cover-up. [44] Furthermore, a waitress who served the officers liquor throughout the evening testified that she was pressured to not "remember too much" by the restaurant's manager, who was friends with the officers. [39] Officers involved in the investigation have denied they gave preferential treatment to Harvey-Zenk. [45]
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police is the national police service of Canada. The RCMP is an agency of the Government of Canada; it also delivers police services under contract to 11 provinces and territories, over 150 municipalities, and 600 Indigenous communities. The RCMP is commonly known as the Mounties in English.
The Queensland Police Service (QPS) is the principal law enforcement agency responsible for policing the Australian state of Queensland. In 1990, the Queensland Police Force was officially renamed the Queensland Police Service and the old motto of "Firmness with Courtesy" was changed to "With Honour We Serve". The headquarters of the Queensland Police Service is located at 200 Roma Street, Brisbane.
East St. Paul is a rural municipality (RM) in Manitoba, Canada. It is located north-east of and adjacent to the city of Winnipeg, and is part of the Winnipeg Metropolitan Area. The municipality was formed on 3 November 1915 when the municipality of St. Paul (1888-1914) was subdivided into West St. Paul and East St. Paul, with the Red River acting as the dividing line.
The Service de police de la Ville de Montréal is the municipal police agency for the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and the neighbouring communities in the urban agglomeration of Montreal. With over 4,500 officers and more than 1,300 civilian staff, it is the second-largest municipal police agency in Canada after the Toronto Police Service.
Law enforcement in Canada is the responsibility of police services, special constabularies, and civil law enforcement agencies, which are operated by every level of government, some private and Crown corporations, and First Nations. In contrast to the United States or Mexico, and with the exception of the Unité permanente anticorruption in Quebec and the Organized Crime Agency of British Columbia, there are no organizations dedicated exclusively to the investigation of criminal activity in Canada. Criminal investigations are instead conducted by police services, which maintain specialized criminal investigation units in addition to their mandate for emergency response and general community safety.
Saskatoon Police Service (SPS) is the municipal police service in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. It holds both municipal and provincial jurisdiction. Police Chief Troy Cooper is the head of the service. The deputy chief is Deputy Chief Cam McBride (Operations). The SPS operates in partnership and cooperation with the Corman Park Police Service and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
The municipal government of Winnipeg is represented by 15 city councillors and a mayor elected every four years.
On October 14, 2007, Robert Dziekański, a 40-year old Polish immigrant to Canada, was killed during an arrest at the Vancouver International Airport in Richmond, British Columbia (BC).
John Joseph "J.J." Harper was a Canadian aboriginal leader from Wasagamack, Manitoba, who was shot and killed by Winnipeg police constable Constable Robert Cross on March 9, 1988. That event, along with the murder of Helen Betty Osborne, sparked the Aboriginal Justice Inquiry.
The Taman Inquiry into the Investigation and Prosecution of Derek Harvey-Zenk was the 2008 Manitoba provincial government inquiry into the death of Crystal Taman.
Martin Shayne "Marty" Minuk is a Canadian defence lawyer from Winnipeg, Manitoba. He received his law degree from the University of Manitoba in 1978. Since 2005, he has been a partner at the law firm Aikins, MacAulay, and Thorvaldson.
Keith McCaskill was police chief of the Winnipeg Police Service (WPS), located in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. He took office on December 10, 2007. At the time of his appointment, he was a 29-year veteran of the WPS. On March 2, 2012, McCaskill announced his retirement as Chief of Police, saying he would step down when his term ends on December 9, 2012. He has been succeeded by Devon Clunis.
The Saskatoon freezing deaths involved Indigenous Canadians in and immediately outside Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, in the 1990s and early 2000s, and are suspected of being linked to actions by the members of the Saskatoon Police Service. The police officers would arrest Indigenous people, who were usually male, for alleged drunkenness and/or disorderly behaviour, sometimes without cause. The officers would then drive them to the outskirts of the city at night in the winter, and abandon them, leaving them stranded in sub-zero temperatures.
Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (MMIW) also known as Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) and more broadly as Missing and Murdered Indigenous Relatives (MMIR) or Missing and Murdered Indigenous People (MMIP) is a human rights crisis of violence against Indigenous women in Canada and the United States, notably those in the FNIM and Native American communities, but also amongst other Indigenous peoples such as in Australia and New Zealand, and the grassroots movement to raise awareness of MMIW through organizing marches; building databases of the missing; holding local community, city council, and tribal council meetings; and conducting domestic violence trainings and other informational sessions for police.
Tina Michelle Fontaine was a First Nations teenage girl who was reported missing and died in August 2014. Her case is considered among the high number of missing and murdered Indigenous women of Canada, and her death renewed calls by activists for the government to conduct a national inquiry into the issue.
On June 4, 2020, Chantel Moore, an Indigenous Canadian woman, was shot and killed by Constable Jeremy Son of the Edmundston, New Brunswick police, who were called to perform a wellness check on her. Moore's death drew national attention and outrage. However, New Brunswick’s public prosecution service said it found Son's actions to be reasonable in the circumstances and he was not charged with any crime.
Eishia Loretta Hudson was a teenage Indigenous person who was shot by the Winnipeg Police Service following a robbery, car chase and collision. She later died due to the wound. After her death, there was public outrage and rallies against police brutality towards indigenous peoples.
Police brutality is an instance or pattern of excessive and unwarranted force used against an individual or group of people. The Indigenous peoples of Canada include, as designated by the Canadian government, Inuit, Metis, and First Nations individuals and are officially considered Aboriginal peoples. Indigenous Canadians have experienced strenuous relationships with police as a result of colonization and lasting tensions. Since the early 2000s, several instances of police brutality against Indigenous Canadians have prompted media attention.
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