Xanthocarpia feracissima

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Xanthocarpia feracissima
Xanthocarpia feracissima 111755755.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Teloschistales
Family: Teloschistaceae
Genus: Xanthocarpia
Species:
X. feracissima
Binomial name
Xanthocarpia feracissima
(H.Magn.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting (2013)
Synonyms [1]
  • Caloplaca feracissimaH.Magn. (1953)

Xanthocarpia feracissima is a species of saxicolous, crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. [2] It was first formally described as a new species in 1953 by Swedish lichenologist Adolf Hugo Magnusson, as a member of the genus Caloplaca . The type specimen was collected in 1939 by John Walter Thomson in Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin. In the original description, Magnusson notes a similarity to the lichen now known as Gyalolechia flavovirescens , but distinguishes the new species by its lack of a visible thallus, the sordid-reddish color of its discs , and the "unusually narrow" septa of the spores. [3] Patrik Frödén, Ulf Arup, and Ulrik Søchting transferred the taxon to Xanthocarpia in 2013, following molecular phylogenetic analysis of the family Teloschistaceae. [4]

The lichen occurs in the eastern United States and Canada. In North America, a common name for the species is "sidewalk firedot lichen". It is very common on cement and mortar, particularly on sidewalks that are not commonly used. Despite the nearly imperceptible thallus, the tiny apothecia can grow so profusely so as discolor large areas of sidewalks yellow. [5] The ability of Xanthocarpia feracissima to grow on rock surfaces, however, has led to instances where the species has damaged marble; in one documented case of the restoration of a statue, the lichen penetrated up to 10 mm (38 in) into the stone along larger cracks and 0.05 mm (1500 in) beneath loose surface crystals, leading to crumbling of the marble surface. [6]

Related Research Articles

Austroplaca is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 10 species. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulrik Søchting, Patrik Frödén, and Ulf Arup, with Austroplaca ambitiosa assigned as the type species.

<i>Athallia</i> Genus of fungi

Athallia is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Teloschistaceae. It was first described in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Patrik Frödén, and Ulrik Søchting, and the type species is Athallia holocarpa. The genus name means without a thallus.

<i>Calogaya</i> Genus of lichens

Calogaya is a genus of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the family Teloschistaceae. It has 19 species. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Ulrik Søchting, and Patrik Frödén. The generic name Calogaya honours Dr. Ester Gaya, a Spanish botanist from the University of Barcelona.

<i>Flavoplaca</i> Genus of lichen

Flavoplaca is a genus of crust-like or scaly lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 28 species with a mostly Northern Hemisphere distribution.

<i>Xanthocarpia</i> Genus of lichen

Xanthocarpia is a genus of mostly crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 12 species with a largely Northern Hemisphere distribution.

<i>Rufoplaca</i> Genus of lichens

Rufoplaca is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Ulrik Søchting, and Patrik Frödén, with Rufoplaca subpallida assigned as the type species.

Pachypeltis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulrik Søchting, Patrik Frödén, and Ulf Arup.

<i>Parvoplaca</i> Genus of lichen

Parvoplaca is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulrik Søchting, Patrik Frödén, and Ulf Arup.

<i>Squamulea</i> Genus of lichens

Squamulea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 15 species. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Ulrik Søchting, and Patrik Frödén, with Squamulea subsoluta assigned as the type species. Five species were included in the original account of the genus. The genus name alludes to the squamulose growth form of most of its species. Squamulea has a worldwide distribution; when the genus was originally created, the centre of distribution was thought to be in southwestern North America.

<i>Cerothallia</i> Genus of lichens

Cerothallia is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species, all of which occur in the Southern Hemisphere. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Patrik Frödén, and Ulrik Søchting, with Cerothallia luteoalba assigned as the type species. The type is more widely distributed, as it is also found in Europe and North America. The generic name Cerothallia means "with waxy thallus".

Sirenophila is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species with an Australasian distribution.

Villophora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has 9 species. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulrik Søchting, Ulf Arup, and Patrik Frödén. They assigned Villophora isidioclada as the type, and at that time, only species in the genus. This lichen, previously classified in Caloplaca, is found in South America, Antarctica, and some subantarctic islands. Several additional species were added to the genus in 2021. The generic name Villophora means "carrying filaments".

<i>Wetmoreana</i> Genus of lichens

Wetmoreana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has two crustose, saxicolous (rock-dwelling) species.

<i>Stellarangia</i> Genus of lichens

Stellarangia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. Species of Stellarangia are found in dry, desert areas in Namibia and South Africa.

<i>Xanthocarpia crenulatella</i> Species of lichen

Xanthocarpia crenulatella is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae.

Austroplaca hookeri is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was originally described by Carroll William Dodge in 1965, as Gasparrinia hookeri. The type specimen was originally collected by British botanist and explorer Joseph Dalton Hooker on Cockburn Island; the species is named in his honour. The taxon was transferred to the large genus Caloplaca in 2004, and again to the genus Austroplaca in 2013 as part of a restructuring of the family Teloschistaceae.

Haloplaca is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Teloschistaceae of the family Teloschistaceae. It contains three species of crustose lichens. The genus was circumscribed by Ulf Arup and colleagues in 2013, with Haloplaca britannica assigned as the type species. The genus name alludes to the preference of its species for salt-rich environments. All three species occur in the United Kingdom, but H. suaedae also occurs in Greece, Morocco and Turkey. Haloplaca species occur near the sea, either on rocks or on plant debris.

Solitaria is a fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains a single species, the corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen Solitaria chrysophthalma.

<i>Polycauliona polycarpa</i> Species of lichen

Polycauliona polycarpa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), fruticose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first formally described by German botanist Georg Franz Hoffmann in 1796, as Lobaria polycarpa. It has acquired quite an extensive synonymy in its taxonomic history. In 2013, Patrik Frödén and colleagues transferred it to the genus Polycauliona, as part of a molecular phylogenetics-based restructuring of the family Teloschistaceae. In northern North America, one vernacular name for the species is pin-cushion sunburst lichen.

Calogaya alaskensis is a species of crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first described as new to science in 2004 by Clifford Wetmore, who placed it in the genus Caloplaca. Ulf Arup and colleagues transferred the taxon to Calogaya in 2013 following a molecular phylogenetics-led restructuring of the Teloschistaceae.

References

  1. "Synonymy. Current Name: Xanthocarpia feracissima (H. Magn.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting, in Arup, Søchting & Frödén, Nordic Jl Bot. 31(1): 57 (2013)". Species Fungorum . Retrieved June 11, 2023.
  2. "Xanthocarpia feracissima (H. Magn.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  3. Magnusson, A.H. (1953). "New lichens mainly Rinodina species from U.S.A." Botaniska Notiser. 1953 (2): 187–196.
  4. Arup, Ulf; Søchting, Ulrik; Frödén, Patrik (2013). "A new taxonomy of the family Teloschistaceae". Nordic Journal of Botany. 31 (1): 16–83. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00062.x.
  5. Brodo, Irwin M.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen (2001). Lichens of North America. Yale University Press. p. 199. ISBN   978-0-300-08249-4.
  6. Tudor, Phoebe B.; Matero, Frank G.; Koestler, Robert J. (1990). "A Case Study of the Compatibility of Biocidal Cleaning and Consolidation in the Restoration of a Marble Statue". Biodeterioration Research. Boston, MA: Springer US. pp. 525–533. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9453-3_42. ISBN   978-1-4757-9455-7.