Xanthorrhoea semiplana | |
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Kangaroo Island grass tree ("Xanthorrhoea semiplana ssp. tateana"). Cape Cassini, Kangaroo Island, South Australia. | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Asparagales |
Family: | Asphodelaceae |
Subfamily: | Xanthorrhoeoideae |
Genus: | Xanthorrhoea |
Species: | X. semiplana |
Binomial name | |
Xanthorrhoea semiplana F.Muell., 1864 | |
Xanthorrhoea semiplana is a species of grass tree found in south-eastern Australia, [2] with two subspecies: [3] [4]
Xanthorrhoea semiplana ssp. semiplana, the tufted grass tree, grows on the Eyre, Yorke and Fleurieu Peninsulas, southeastern South Australia and probably midwestern Victoria. [3]
Xanthorrhoea semiplana ssp. tateana, the Kangaroo Island grass tree, Tate's grass tree or Yakka Bush, is lesser known.
Xanthorrhoea semiplana ssp. semiplana is typically smaller than Xanthorrhoea semiplana ssp. tateana. The former lacks a trunk and remains below 1 m in height, while the latter has a trunk and will often exceed a height of 1 m. Flowering occurs from Spring to Autumn, with plants capable of producing a flower spike several meters in length. [5] [6]
Can be distinguished from the co-occurring plant Xanthorrhoea quadrangulata by the cross section of the leaves: the cross section of X. semiplana is flat, while the cross section of X. quadrangulata is distinctly square in shape. [7]
Like most species in the genus Xanthorrhoea, this plant is highly susceptible to infection by the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. [8]
A large and prominent plant in the Australian landscape, Xanthorrhoea semiplana is a source of both food and shelter for numerous species. A study by the CSIRO found that these grass trees generate a distinct microclimate beneath their canopies, a discovery with significant implications for wildlife. This consistently stable environment moderates cold temperatures in winter and offers a crucial cool refuge for animals during summer heatwaves. Additionally, the study found that larger (and therefore older) grass trees provided the greatest protection from temperature and rain fluctuations. [9]
Goobang is a national park located in New South Wales, Australia, 296 kilometres (184 mi) northwest of Sydney. It protects the largest remnant forest and woodland in the central west region of the state, where interior and coastal New South Wales flora and fauna species overlap. Originally named Herveys Range by John Oxley in 1817, the area was reserved in 1897 as state forest because of its importance as a timber resource, and was designated a national park in 1995.
Pinus serotina, the pond pine, black bark pine, bay pine,marsh pine, or pocosin pine, is a pine tree found along the Southeastern portion of the Atlantic coastal plain of the United States, from southern New Jersey south to Florida and west to southern Alabama. Pond pine distribution may be starting to spread west towards Mississippi and Tennessee.
Xanthorrhoea is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants, in the family Asphodelaceae. They are endemic to Australia.
The Australian National Botanic Gardens (ANBG) is a heritage-listed botanical garden located in Acton, Canberra, in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Established in 1949, the Gardens is administered by the Australian Government's Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. The botanic gardens was added to the Commonwealth Heritage List on 22 June 2004.
Phytophthora cinnamomi, also known as cinnamon fungus, is a soil-borne water mould that produces an infection which causes a condition in plants variously called "dieback", "root rot", or, "ink disease".
The Santa Cruz cypress is a species of North American tree within the cypress family. The species is endemic to the Santa Cruz Mountains within the Santa Cruz and San Mateo counties of west-central California. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed the species on the Endangered Species Act in 1987 due to increasing threats from habitat loss and disruption of natural forest fire regimes. In 2016, the conservation status of the Santa Cruz cypress changed to Threatened. The cited reasoning was a decrease in threats against their habitat.
Xanthorrhoea australis, the grass tree or austral grasstree, is an Australian plant. It is the most commonly seen species of the genus Xanthorrhoea. Its trunk can grow up to several metres tall and is often branched. In certain Aboriginal languages, it is called bukkup, baggup or kawee.
Xanthorrhoea preissii, known as balga, is a widespread species of perennial monocot in Southwest Australia.
Xanthorrhoea quadrangulata or the Mount Lofty Grass Tree is a plant in the genus Xanthorrhoea. It is the only species of Xanthorrhoea solely endemic to the state of South Australia.
Xanthorrhoea macronema is a forest plant in the genus Xanthorrhoea, found in coastal regions of eastern Australia north of Sydney, New South Wales to Fraser Island, Queensland. The trunk of this grass tree is underground.
Xanthorrhoea glauca, known as the grass tree, is a large plant in the genus Xanthorrhoea, widespread in eastern Australia. The trunk can grow in excess of 5 metres tall, and may have many branches. It is occasionally seen in large communities in nutrient rich soils. The leaves are a grey or bluish glaucous green.
Xanthorrhoea resinosa, is known as one of the grass trees, a mid-sized plant in the genus Xanthorrhoea. The specific epithet is from the Latin, meaning “having resin”. This perennial shrub is found in heathland or eucalyptus forest.
The Black Andrew Nature Reserve is a protected nature reserve located on the south west slopes of New South Wales, Australia. The 1,559-hectare (3,850-acre) reserve is situated on the southern shore of Burrinjuck Dam on the Murrumbidgee River, an important reservoir for the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area.
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Xanthorrhoea drummondii, commonly known as blackboy, grasstree or Drummond's balga, is a species of grasstree of the genus Xanthorrhoea native to Western Australia.
Xanthorrhoea gracilis, commonly known as the graceful grasstree, grassboy or mimidi, is a species of grasstree of the genus Xanthorrhoea native to Western Australia.
Xanthorrhoea thorntonii, commonly known as Cundeelee grasstree, Cundeelee blackboy, desert grasstree, yacka or grasstree, is a species of grasstree of the genus Xanthorrhoea native to central Australia. It is known to the Pitjantjatjara people as kata-kultu, kata-puru, ulpa or urara, the Warlpiri people as yurlurnkuru and the Arrernte as lunkere. X. thorntonii is the only grass tree found in Central Australia including the Great Sandy Desert, Great Victoria Desert and MacDonnell Ranges.
Charleston Conservation Park is a protected area located in the Australian state of South Australia in the locality of Charleston in the Adelaide Hills state government region about 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of the state capital of Adelaide and about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of the town centre in Lobethal.
Myponga Conservation Park is a protected area located in the Australian state of South Australia in the locality of Myponga about 59 kilometres (37 mi) south of the state capital of Adelaide and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south-south-west of the town of Myponga.
Folland Park is a fenced, 3.5-hectare reserve in the suburb of Enfield, South Australia. It is owned by the City of Port Adelaide Enfield, and consists of significant remnant vegetation that once covered much of the Adelaide Plains. The park is of special significance to botanists, and is under a heritage agreement to conserve its native vegetation and fauna.
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