Xenaploactis

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Xenaploactis
XenaploactCautesHolotype.jpg
Illustration of the holotype of the Rough Velvetfish, Xenaploactis cautes, CAS 16105 (28.0 mm SL), 28.6 km from Goh Chuang, Gulf of Thailand, depth 33 m.
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Scorpaeniformes
Family: Aploactinidae
Genus: Xenaploactis
Poss & Eschmeyer, 1980
Type species
Prosopodasys asperrimus
Günther, 1860 [1]

Xenaploactis is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, velvetfishes belonging to the family Aploactinidae. This genus is found in the western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean.

Contents

Taxonomy

Xenaploactis was first described as a genus in 1980 by the American ichthyologists Stuart G. Poss and William N. Eschmeyer when the reclassified Prosopodasys asperrimus, which had originally been described in 1860 by Albert Günther from the East Indies, to a new genus. Poss and Eschmeyer were also able to describe 2 new species in the genus from museum specimens. [2] This genus is classified within the family Aploactinidae in the suborder Scorpaenoidei within the order Scorpaeniformes, [3] although this family is also treated as a subfamily of the stonefish family Synanceiidae [4] [5] within the Scorpaenoidei, which in turn is treated as a superfamily within the order Perciformes. [6] The name of the genus, Xenaploactis combines xeno meaning "strange" with the genus name Aploactis and this genus was named thus because it differs from other velvetfishes in a number of different features. [7]

Species

Xenaploactis currently has 3 recognized species classified within it: [8]

Characteristics

Xenaploactris velvetfishes have a dorsal fin which is divided into two parts. The 3 anteriormost dorsal fins form a separate fin which has its origin on the cranium to the front of the eyes, there is a wide gap between the 3rd dorsal spine and the 4th. The head is armed with sharp spines, including two obvious spines on the preorbital bone and a robust spine on the infraorbital bone. The head and biody have a dense covering of scales which have been modified with sharp points. The mouth is upturned. The dorsal fin has 3 spines in the anterior fin and 10 spines and 8 or 9 soft rays in the main fin, while the anal fin has 1 spine and 9 or 10 soft rays. [2] These are small fishes with the largest species being X. asperrima which has a maximum published standard length of 4 cm (1.6 in).

Distribution and habitat

Xenaploactris velvetfishes are found in the eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans. [8] X. anopta from the Philippines, X. asperrima from eastern Indonesia and New Hanover in Papua New Guinea and X. cautes from the Gulf of Thailand, Andaman Sea and northern Australia. [10] They are demersal fishes and X. cautes is found over soft substrates. [11]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Australian prowfish</span> Family of fishes

The Australian prowfishes are a small family, the Pataecidae, of ray-finned fishes classified within the order Scorpaeniformes. Australian prowfishes are distinguished by a long dorsal fin that begins far forward on the head, forming a "prow" shape, and extends all the way to the caudal fin. They lack scales and pelvic fins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Velvetfish</span> Family of fishes

Little velvetfishes or simply velvetfishes are a family, the Aploactinidae, of marine ray-finned fishes classified within the order Scorpaeniformes. They are small fish that have skin with a velvet texture. They live on the sea bottom close to the shore, at depths of up to 100 metres (330 ft). They are found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wasp-spine velvetfish</span> Species of fish

The wasp-spine velvetfish, also known as the dwarf velvetfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a velvetfish belonging to the family Aploactinidae. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Acanthosphex. This species is found in the Indo-Pacific from India to the Gulf of Thailand.

The visitor, also known as the sandpaper velvetfish,is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a velvetfish belonging to the family Aploactinidae. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Adventor. This species is found the Pacific Ocean waters along the coasts of Papua New Guinea and Australia.

The dusky velvetfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a velvetfish belonging to the family Aploactinidae. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Aploactis. This species is found in the western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Bathyaploactis</i> Genus of fishes

Bathyaploactis is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, velvetfish belonging to the family Aploactinidae. The genus is endemic to the waters around Australia.

<i>Cocotropus</i> Genus of fishes

Cocotropus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, velvetfishes belonging to the family Aploactinidae. The genus is found in the Indian and western Pacific oceans.

<i>Erisphex</i> Genus of fishes

Erisphex is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, velvetfishes belonging to the family Aploactinidae. The genus is found in the Indian and western Pacific oceans.

<i>Kanekonia</i> Genus of fishes

Kanekonia is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, velvetfishes belonging to the family Aploactinidae. The genus is found in the western Pacific and eastern Indian oceans.

The rare velvetfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a velvetfish belonging to the family Aploactinidae. It is known only from the coasts of Queensland and New South Wales in Australia. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Matsubarichthys.

The threefin velvetfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a velvetfish belonging to the family Aploactinidae. This species is found the western Pacific Ocean where it has been found on reefs. This species grows to a length of 5 centimetres (2.0 in) TL. This species is the only known member of its genus.

<i>Paraploactis</i> Genus of fishes

Paraploactis is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, velvetfishes belonging to the family Aploactinidae. The genus is found the Indo-Pacific.

The deceitful velvetfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a velvetfish, belonging to the family Aploactinidae. This species is endemic to the oceans around Australia. This species is the only known member of its genus.

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Pseudopataecus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, velvetfishes belonging to the family Aploactinidae. This genus is endemic to the waters around Australia.

Ptarmus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, velvetfishes belonging to the family Aploactinidae. This genus is endemic to the waters of the western Indian Ocean.

Sthenopus is a monotypic genus of marine ray-finned fish, a velvetfish belonging to the family Aploactinidae. It is found in the western Pacific Ocean where it is known from China and Thailand. The only known member of this genus is Sthenopus mollis.

<i>Eschmeyer nexus</i> Species of fish

Easchmeyer nexus is a species of marine ray-finned fish; it is the only species in the monotypic genus Eschmeyer and monogeneric family Eschmeyeridae. This fish is only known from the Pacific Ocean, near Fiji.

<i>Ocosia</i> Genus of fishes

Ocosia is a genus of ray-finned fishes, waspfishes belonging to the subfamily Tetraroginae, which is classified as part of the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and their relatives. These fish are found in the Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean.

References

  1. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Aploactininae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  2. 1 2 Poss, S. G. and W. N. Eschmeyer (1980). "Xenaploactis, a new genus for Prosopodasys asperrimus Günther (Pisces: Aploactinidae), with descriptions of two new species". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 4. 42 (8): 287–293.
  3. ↑ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 468–475. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6.
  4. ↑ Smith, W. Leo; Smith, Elizabeth; Richardson, Clara (February 2018). "Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Flatheads, Scorpionfishes, Sea Robins, and Stonefishes (Percomorpha: Scorpaeniformes) and the Evolution of the Lachrymal Saber". Copeia. 106 (1): 94–119. doi:10.1643/CG-17-669. S2CID   91157582.
  5. ↑ Willingham, AJ (13 April 2018). "Stonefish are already scary, and now scientists have found they have switchblades in their heads". CNN.
  6. ↑ Ricardo Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; et al. (2017). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (162): 162. doi: 10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3 . PMC   5501477 . PMID   28683774.
  7. ↑ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (10 March 2022). "Order Perciformes (Part 10): Suborder Scorpaenoidei: Families Apistidae, Tetrarogidae, Synanceiidae, Aploacrinidae, Perryenidae, Eschmeyeridae, Pataecidae, Gnathanacanthidae, Congiopodidae and Zanclorhynchidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  8. 1 2 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2022). Species of Xenaploactis in FishBase . February 2022 version.
  9. ↑ Fricke, R. (2016): Redescription of Xenaploactis asperrima (Günther 1860) (Teleostei: Aploactinidae), based on a specimen from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. FishTaxa, 1 (2): 67-74.
  10. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Xenaploactis". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  11. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2022). "Xenaploactis cautes" in FishBase . February 2022 version.
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