Xyloterinus

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Xyloterinus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Infraorder: Cucujiformia
Family: Curculionidae
Tribe: Scolytini
Genus: Xyloterinus
Swaine, 1918
Type species
Xyloterinus politus
(Say, 1826)

Xyloterinus is a genus of typical bark beetles in the family Curculionidae. This is a monotypic genus and the one described species is Xyloterinus politus. [1] [2] [3] It is native to North America where it infests both hardwood and softwood trees, as well as stacks of logs.

Contents

Description

Adult beetles are between 2.3 and 3.5 mm (0.09 and 0.14 in) in length and are a dark brown or blackish colour. The prothorax is squarish and has spines and two to four teeth at the front. The elytra (wing-covers) are a rufous brown colour and covered with a felting of yellowish bristles. The entrance to the galleries in which the larvae develop is about 1.6 mm (0.06 in) in diameter. [4]

Distribution and habitat

This beetle is native to eastern North America, where it is present in both Canada and the United States. It infests both hardwoods and softwoods, mostly recently fallen or cut timber. [4] Host trees include Acer , Alnus , Betula , Carya , Castanea , Fagus , Fraxinus , Picea , Pinus , Quercus , Tsuga , and Ulmus . [5]

Ecology

After mating, the adult female tunnels into the bark, creating a gallery up to 45 mm (1.8 in) long in the sapwood. [4] Like other ambrosia beetles, the female carries a fungal culture with which to inoculate the walls of the galleries. [6] On either side of the original tunnel she creates two further galleries about 14 mm (0.6 in) long. [4] The eggs are laid singly, each in a cup-shaped cradle beside the side gallery, the entrance of the cradle being plugged by frass. [7] The eggs hatch within about fourteen hours, and the larvae feed on the mycelia and spores of the fungus, enlarging the cradle as they grow. Wood fragments accumulate in the main tunnel and may escape from or be pushed out of the entrance by the female. The larvae take about 19 days to develop fully, before pupating. The new adults exit the cradle and then turn round and re-enter, feeding on the ambrosial growth. They overwinter in the empty cradles and galleries and exit the wood through the original entrance. [4] [7]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Xylosandrus crassiusculus</i> Species of beetle

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<i>Dendroctonus brevicomis</i> Species of beetle

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<i>Phloeotribus</i> Genus of beetles

Phloeotribus is a genus of crenulate bark beetles in the family Curculionidae. There are at least 150 described species in Phloeotribus.

Trichomagdalis is a genus of wedge-shaped bark weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae. There are about six described species in Trichomagdalis.

<i>Trypodendron lineatum</i> Species of beetle

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Carphobius is a genus of crenulate bark beetles in the family Curculionidae. There are at least three described species in Carphobius.

<i>Pityophthorus</i> Genus of beetles

Pityophthorus is a genus of typical bark beetles in the family Curculionidae. There are more than 540 described species in Pityophthorus.

<i>Anthonomus aeneolus</i> Species of beetle

Anthonomus aeneolus is a species of true weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America. It normally develops within the flower buds of Solanum flowers, although eggs can be laid within galls on the plant. Larvae feed on the anthers of the flowers.

<i>Pissodes nemorensis</i> Species of beetle

Pissodes nemorensis, known generally as the eastern pine weevil or deodar weevil, is a species of true weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America and Africa. Deodar weevils are considered a forest pest in the United States, with adults and larvae feeding on a variety of coniferous tree species, including trees such as deodar cedar, loblolly pine, longleaf pine, sand pine, shortleaf pine, slash pine, and spruce pine Trees of all ages are susceptible to weevil infestations, while trees that are severely stressed by fire, drought, extreme cold, fusiform rust, wind damage, and other problems are prone to weevil infestation. In well-managed pine stands, deodar weevil infestations are sporadic, attacking only the suppressed and unhealthy trees throughout the area. Because they do not typically effect healthy trees, they do not usually alter traditional management strategies. Unlike many other forest pests in the eastern United States, deodar weevils are most active in the winter months, and this is often when sign of infestations can be seen. The best way to avoid a deodar weevil infestation is to maintain good tree and stand health: healthy trees do not typically face mortality or extensive damage from these pests. If an infestation has occurred, pesticides can be used in the fall as the weevils become active, but are typically not recommended.

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<i>Gnathotrichus materiarius</i> Species of beetle

Gnathotrichus materiarius, the American utilizable wood bark beetle, is an ambrosia beetle in the family Curculionidae. It is native to North America, but has been introduced to several European countries. It lives in symbiosis with the fungus Endomycopsis fasciculata, which adult beetles inoculate into the wood of host trees - the fungus then acts as the primary food source of the larvae and adults.

Scierus is a genus of crenulate bark beetles in the family Curculionidae. There are at least three described species in Scierus.

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<i>Xyleborinus saxesenii</i> Species of beetle

Xyleborinus saxesenii is a species of typical bark beetle in the family Curculionidae. Its common names include fruit-tree pinhole borer, common Eurasian ambrosia beetle, Asian ambrosia beetle, and lesser shot hole borer. It is native to the Palaearctic and has been introduced to North America. X. saxesenii is primarily a temperate zone species, although it does appears in some areas in more tropical climates. Length is about 2–2.4 mm (0.079–0.094 in), 2.6–3.0 times longer than wide.

Euplatypus parallelus, previously known as Platypus parallelus, is a species of ambrosia beetle in the weevil family Curculionidae. The adults and larvae form galleries in various species of tree and logs. It is native to Central and South America but has spread globally, is present in Africa and is well established in tropical Asia.

References

  1. "Xyloterinus Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
  2. "Xyloterinus". GBIF. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Robinson, William H. (2005). Urban Insects and Arachnids: A Handbook of Urban Entomology. Cambridge University Press. p. 121. ISBN   978-1-139-44347-0.
  4. "Xyloterinus". Bark Beetle Genera of the United States. 1 March 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  5. "Genetics and Metabolism of Ambrosia Fungi". IFAS. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  6. 1 2 MacLean, David B. & Giese, Ronald L. (1967). "The life history of the ambrosia beetle Xyloterinus politus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)". The Canadian Entomologist. 99 (3): 285–299. doi:10.4039/Ent99285-3. S2CID   86082705.

Further reading