Year of the Dragon (film)

Last updated
Year of the Dragon
Year of the dragon poster.jpg
Theatrical poster [1]
Directed by Michael Cimino
Screenplay by Oliver Stone
Michael Cimino
Based onYear of the Dragon
by Robert Daley
Produced by Dino De Laurentiis
Starring
Cinematography Alex Thomson
Edited by Françoise Bonnot
Music by David Mansfield
Production
companies
Distributed by
Release date
  • August 16, 1985 (1985-08-16)(United States)
Running time
134 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguagesEnglish
Mandarin
Cantonese
Polish
Budget$21.5-24 million [3] [4] [5]
Box office$18.7 million (US/Canada) [3] [6] [7]
$30.4 million (worldwide rentals) [5]

Year of the Dragon is a 1985 American neo-noir [8] crime thriller film co-written and directed by Michael Cimino, and starring Mickey Rourke, John Lone, and Ariane Koizumi. The film follows a tough New York City police captain (Rourke) battling a ruthless Chinese-American Triad boss (Lone). The screenplay, written by Cimino and Oliver Stone, is based on a 1981 novel of the same title by Robert Daley.

Contents

Cimino's first film after the box office failure of Heaven's Gate (1980), Year of the Dragon is a New York crime drama and an exploration of gangs, the illegal drug trade, ethnicity, racism, and stereotypes.

Released by MGM/UA Entertainment on August 16, 1985, the film received mixed reviews and did not perform well at the US box office, though it did receive two Golden Globe Award nominations: Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture for John Lone and Best Original Score for David Mansfield. It has gained a cult following in the years since its release.

Plot

Stanley White is New York City's most decorated police captain and a Vietnam War veteran assigned to New York City's Chinatown, where he makes it a personal mission to crack down on Chinese organized crime. He is obsessed with his career and neglects his marriage to his wife Connie.

White comes into conflict with Joey Tai, a young man who ruthlessly rises to become the head of the Triads, and as a result of his ambition, creates a high profile for himself and the Triads' activities. Together, they end the uneasy truce that has existed between the Triads and the police precinct, even as they conduct a personal war between themselves and the Italian Mob and Thai gangsters who have traditionally been involved in their heroin supply chain.

The married captain also becomes romantically involved with Tracy Tzu, a television reporter, who comes under brutal attack from the criminals, as does White's long-suffering wife. This makes him even more determined to destroy the triads, and especially Joey Tai.

White also hires an up-and-coming Chinese rookie cop, Herbert, to go undercover as one of Tai's restaurant workers. Herbert manages to obtain inside information on a drug shipment, but he is betrayed by corrupt cop Alan Perez and is killed when Tai is informed by Perez that Herbert is a cop. Now that Tai has raped Tzu, killed White's wife, and Herbert, White wastes no time in confronting Tai just as the shipment arrives.

At the harbor, Tai and his bodyguard are on their way to the shipment when White attempts to arrest them. Perez drives by, yelling abuse. White shoots and kills Perez, but Tai draws a gun and shoots White in the hand, also accidentally killing his bodyguard. Tai flees on a train bridge. This leads to a showdown where White and Tai run at each other while firing recklessly. White shoots Tai, leaving him wounded in both legs. Rather than suffer, and losing face, Tai asks for White's gun in order to commit suicide. He kills himself in front of White.

The final scene shows White and Tzu coming together in the streets of Chinatown at Tai's funeral.

Cast

Production

Development and pre-production

Michael Cimino was approached many times to helm an adaptation of Robert Daley's novel, but consistently turned the opportunity down. When he finally agreed, Cimino realized he was unable to write and direct in the time allotted; The producers already had an approximate start date for the film. He brought in Oliver Stone, who he had met through his producer and friend Joann Carelli, to help him write the script. [9]

Cimino was prompted to seek out Stone after reading, and being impressed by, Stone's (at the time) unproduced Platoon screenplay. Cimino asked Stone to work on Year of the Dragon for a lower-than-normal wage as part of a quid pro quo deal, namely, that Year of the Dragon producer Dino De Laurentiis would help in finding the funding for Stone to make Platoon. Stone agreed to this deal.

"With Michael, it's a 24-hour day", said Stone. "He doesn't really sleep ... he's truly an obsessive personality. He's the most Napoleonic director I ever worked with". [10] Cimino did a year and a half of research on the project. [11]

While De Laurentiis gave director Cimino final cut in his contract, De Laurentiis also sent Cimino a side letter that said, notwithstanding the contract, he would not have final cut. This information was revealed when the producers of The Sicilian sued Cimino over the length of that film. [12]

Casting

Because the production was moving so fast, casting began before the script was completed. [9] Originally, Stone and Cimino had either Nick Nolte or Jeff Bridges in mind for the role of Stanley White, but after seeing Mickey Rourke in The Pope of Greenwich Village and working with him on Heaven's Gate , Cimino changed his mind. [13] According to Rourke, the difficulty with playing White was making himself appear 15 years older to suit the character. [11] Cimino drew heavily on the real-life boxing prowess of Rourke. At first, Rourke did not take his physical training seriously, so Cimino hired Hells Angels member Chuck Zito to be Rourke's instructor. Rourke has often quoted in many interviews that he loved working with Cimino despite the disapproved reputation he earned himself over the years since his previous box office failures, quoting, "He was a ball of fire. I hadn't seen anyone quite like him". [9] Rourke was paid $1 million to star in the film. [4]

To play the Chinese characters, casting director Joanna Merlin scouted in New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Toronto and other cities with large Overseas Chinese populations and performing arts scenes. John Lone, who had won a 1981 Obie Award for his role in David Henry Hwang's FOB, was a relative unknown when he was cast to play Joey Tai. Cimino chose him after seeing his performance in the film Iceman. K. Dock Yip, a prominent Chinese Canadian lawyer and leader of Toronto's Chinese community, was a local hire. [14] As several scenes were shot in Southeast Asia, several Hong Kong and Taiwanese actors were cast in supporting roles. These included Shaw Brothers veteran Fan Mei-sheng, and Tsai Ming-liang regular Chen Chao-jung.

Year of the Dragon was the film debut of top model-turned-actress Ariane Koizumi (credited under the mononym 'Ariane'), whose performance was widely-criticized. [15] [16] [17]

Shooting

As with Streets of Fire , most of the film was shot not on location but on soundstages, after meticulous research of various locales which could be passed off as Chinatown and/or East Asia. [9] [18] As shooting on-location in Manhattan Chinatown, the film's primary location, would've been prohibitively expensive, a full-scale recreation of the location was constructed on the De Laurentiis Studios (now EUE/Screen Gems Studios) backlot in Wilmington, North Carolina. A week before filming was set to begin, a hurricane destroyed most of the set, which had to be hastily rebuilt. [19] The sets proved realistic enough to fool even Stanley Kubrick, who attended the movie's premiere. Cimino actually had to convince the Bronx-born Kubrick that the film's exteriors were shot on the DEG backlot, and not on location. [9]

Other cities used in filming included New York City, Toronto, Vancouver, Victoria, Bangkok and Chiang Rai. Cimino said he often liked to shoot in different cities, with interiors in one city and exteriors in another. In one scene, Joey Tai and his lawyer walk through a Chinese textile mill, past a guard-rail and into a shoddy apartment building to meet up with two of his assassins. The textile mill was in Bangkok, the guard-rail was in New York and the apartment building was in Wilmington. When one of the script supervisors commented that the scene "wouldn't cut" (edit seamlessly together), Cimino bet her $1,000 that it would. Upon seeing the cut, the script supervisor conceded and Cimino won the bet but refused to take the $1,000. [9]

The catacombs of Victoria's Empress Hotel doubled for a mung bean factory, while the British Columbia Parliament Buildings doubled for New York City police headquarters. [19]

Unlike Heaven's Gate, Cimino was able to bring the film in on time and on budget. [10]

Post-production

At the end of the film, White's final line is "You were right and I was wrong. I'd like to be a nice guy. But I just don't know how to be nice". According to Cimino, the final line of White was supposed to be "Well, I guess if you fight a war long enough, you end up marrying the enemy". The studio vetoed the original line, written by Stone. Cimino feels that either the studio or the producers thought the original line was politically incorrect. [9]

Release

The film opened at number 5 on the US box office charts, grossing $4,039,079 in 982 theaters on its opening weekend of August 16, 1985. [6] [7] It opened to decent business in major American cities including Washington, D.C., Detroit, and Pittsburgh, but the draw soon dropped, which was perceived to be the result of protest against it from Asian American groups (see below). [20] Year of the Dragon grossed $18.7 million in the United States and Canada. [3] Worldwide, it earned theatrical rentals of $30.4 million against a cost of between $21 and $24 million. [5]

Reception

Year of the Dragon received polarized reviews upon its release in 1985. Vincent Canby wrote for The New York Times : "Year of the Dragon is light years away from being a classic, but then it makes no pretense at being anything more than what it is — an elaborately produced gangster film that isn't boring for a minute, composed of excesses in behavior, language and visual effects that, eventually, exert their own hypnotic effect." [21] Janet Maslin, in contrast, also writing for The New York Times, deplored a lack of "feeling, reason and narrative continuity", under which the actors fared "particularly badly", especially Ariane Koizumi whose role in the movie was "ineffectual". [22]

Rex Reed of the New York Post gave Dragon one of its most ecstatic reviews: "Exciting, explosive, daring and adventurous stuff." [23] [a 1] In his review of Cimino's later film The Sicilian , Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote that Year of the Dragon was "strongly plotted and moved along with power and efficiency." [24] Leonard Maltin gave the film two and a half stars, calling it a "Highly charged, arresting melodrama ... but nearly drowns in a sea of excess and self-importance." [25] Pauline Kael of The New Yorker dismissed the film as "hysterical, rabble rousing pulp, the kind that goes over well with subliterate audiences." [26]

The performance of first-time actress Ariane Koizumi was widely criticized. The Los Angeles Times summarized the character as "there to fulfill all Oriental-woman fantasies", [15] and The New York Times called Koizumi "so ineffectual a part of the film's framework that she is even upstaged, in a nude scene, by a glimpse of the Brooklyn Bridge". [16] She would only make a handful of minor acting appearances, before returning to her first career in fashion. [27]

The film has a 55% "rotten" rating on Rotten Tomatoes from 20 reviews, with a weighted average of 6.3/10. [28]

Top Ten lists

3rd (in 1985) – Cahiers du Cinéma [29]

Awards and nominations

The film was nominated for a Best Foreign Film (Meilleur film étranger) César Award. [30] John Lone received a Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe nomination and David Mansfield received a Best Original Score nod. [30]

Conversely, the film was nominated for five Razzie Awards, including Worst Screenplay, Worst Picture, Worst Director, Worst Actress and Worst New Star (both for Ariane). [31]

Controversy

Members of the Chinese American and Asian American communities protested against the film, [9] [32] criticizing the film for its racial stereotyping, widespread xenophobia, and use of slurs (especially the use of the derogatory terms "chinks", "slant-eyed", and "yellow niggers"), and sexism. [33] Some groups worried that the film would make Chinatown unsafe and cause an economic downturn in the community. [33] As a result of the controversy, a disclaimer was attached to its opening credits, [34] which read:

This film does not intend to demean or to ignore the many positive features of Asian Americans and specifically Chinese American communities. Any similarity between the depiction in this film and any association, organization, individual or Chinatown that exists in real life is accidental. [33] [a 2]

In her negative review, Pauline Kael added, "Year of the Dragon isn't much more xenophobic than The Deer Hunter was, but it's a lot flabbier; the scenes have no tautness, no definition, and so you're more likely to be conscious of the bigotry." [35]

Director Cimino responded to the controversy in an interview in Jeune cinéma:

The film was accused of racism, but they didn't pay attention to what people say in the film. It's a film which deals with racism, but it's not a racist film. To deal with this sort of subject, you must inevitably reveal its tendencies. It's the first time that we deal with the marginalization which the Chinese were subject to. On that subject, people know far too little. Americans discover with surprise that the Chinese were excluded from American citizenship up until 1943. They couldn't bring their wives to America. Kwong's speech to Stanley is applauded. For all these reasons, the Chinese love the film. And the journalists' negative reactions are perhaps a shield to conceal these unpleasant facts. [36]

Legacy

Quentin Tarantino has praised this film as one of his favorites, [37] naming its climactic train tracks shoot-out as one of his favorite "Killer Movie Moments" in 2004, remarking, "You forget to breathe during it!". [38]

Melanie Chisholm from the Spice Girls is shown in the music video for their 1997 single "Too Much" singing in a Chinatown, dressed in a red cheongsam; this scene is based upon the film.

There is a Carpenter Brut song titled "Looking For Tracy Tzu", in an apparent reference to the character of the same name.

This film was also the first instance of the Desert Eagle pistol, used by Rourke's character, in a motion picture.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jet Li</span> Chinese-Singaporean martial artist and actor (born 1963)

Li Lianjie, better known by his stage name Jet Li, is a Chinese-born Singaporean martial artist, former wushu champion, film actor, film producer, and philanthropist. He is widely regarded as one of the most iconic Chinese film stars and one of the most renowned martial arts stars of his generation.

<i>The Deer Hunter</i> 1978 film directed by Michael Cimino

The Deer Hunter is a 1978 American epic war drama film co-written and directed by Michael Cimino about a trio of Slavic-American steelworkers whose lives are upended after fighting in the Vietnam War. The three soldiers are played by Robert De Niro, Christopher Walken and John Savage, with John Cazale, Meryl Streep and George Dzundza in supporting roles. The story takes place in Clairton, Pennsylvania, a working-class town on the Monongahela River south of Pittsburgh, and in Vietnam.

<i>Platoon</i> (film) 1986 war film directed by Oliver Stone

Platoon is a 1986 American war film written and directed by Oliver Stone, starring Tom Berenger, Willem Dafoe, Charlie Sheen, Keith David, Kevin Dillon, John C. McGinley, Forest Whitaker, and Johnny Depp. It is the first film of a trilogy of Vietnam War films directed by Stone, followed by Born on the Fourth of July (1989) and Heaven & Earth (1993). The film, based on Stone's experience from the war, follows a new U.S. Army volunteer (Sheen) serving in Vietnam while his Platoon Sergeant and his Squad Leader argue over the morality in the platoon and of the war itself.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dino De Laurentiis</span> Italian-American film producer (1919–2010)

Agostino "Dino" De Laurentiis was an Italian film producer and businessman who held both Italian and American citizenship. Following a brief acting career in the late 1930s and early 1940s, he moved into film production; alongside Carlo Ponti, he brought Italian cinema to the international scene in the post-World War II period. He produced or co-produced over 500 films, with 38 of his Hollywood films receiving Academy Award nominations. He was also the creator and operator of DDL Foodshow, a chain of Italian specialty foods stores.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Cimino</span> American film director (1939–2016)

Michael Antonio Cimino was an American film director, screenwriter, producer and author. Notorious for his obsessive attention to detail and determination for perfection, Cimino achieved fame with The Deer Hunter (1978), which won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mickey Rourke</span> American actor and former boxer

Philip Andre "Mickey" Rourke Jr. is an American actor and former professional boxer who has appeared primarily as a leading man in drama, action, and thriller films.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Lone</span> American actor

John Lone is a Chinese-American actor. He starred as Puyi in the Academy Award-winning film The Last Emperor (1987), for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yuen Woo-ping</span> Hong Kong film director

Yuen Woo-ping is a Hong Kong martial arts choreographer and film director who worked in Hong Kong action cinema and later Hollywood films. He is one of the inductees on the Avenue of Stars in Hong Kong. Yuen is also a son of Yuen Siu-tien, a martial arts film actor. He attended the China Drama Academy for one year as a day student of Master Yu Jim-yuen as well.

Year of the Dragon or The Year of the Dragon may refer to:

<i>The Sunchaser</i> 1996 film by Michael Cimino

The Sunchaser is a 1996 road crime drama film directed by Michael Cimino, written by Charles Leavitt and starring Woody Harrelson and Jon Seda. It was director Cimino's last feature-length film.

<i>Desperate Hours</i> 1990 film by Michael Cimino

Desperate Hours is a 1990 American neo-noir action thriller film directed by Michael Cimino. It is a remake of the 1955 film of the same name and an adaptation the 1954 novel by Joseph Hayes, who also co-wrote the script with Cimino based on a treatment by Lawrence Konner and Mark Rosenthal. Cimino was not credited as writer on the finished product. The film stars Mickey Rourke, Anthony Hopkins, Mimi Rogers, Kelly Lynch, Lindsay Crouse, Elias Koteas and David Morse. It marks Cimino's third collaboration with Rourke, having previously worked with him on the films Heaven's Gate and Year of the Dragon.

Shui Fong, also known as the Wo On Lok (WOL), is one of the main Triad groups in Southern China, operating especially in Hong Kong, Macau and Chinese communities abroad.

The Flying Dragons, also known as FDS, was a Chinese American street gang that was prominent in New York City's Chinatown from the 1970s to the early 1990s. Formed in 1967, by immigrants primarily from Hong Kong, they are affiliated with the Hip Sing Tong. Throughout the 1980s, the gang often engaged in bloody turf wars with the newer Ghost Shadows gang. Their activities have included extortion, kidnapping, murder, racketeering, and illegal gambling. The gang moved heavily into heroin trafficking after the Italian-American Mafia lost the trade as a result of the Pizza Connection prosecutions in the mid-1980s.

Ariane Mitsuye Koizumi is an American fashion model and actress, sometimes credited as Ariane, who played the controversial lead role in the film Year of the Dragon.

<i>The Sicilian</i> (film) 1987 film by Michael Cimino

The Sicilian is a 1987 epic historical crime film directed by Michael Cimino. The film was adapted by Steve Shagan, and later rewritten by Cimino and Gore Vidal from Mario Puzo's 1984 novel of the same name. Christopher Lambert stars as Salvatore Giuliano, the infamous bandit who tried to liberate early 1950s Sicily from Italian rule. The film also stars Terence Stamp, Joss Ackland, John Turturro and Barbara Sukowa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Broadway (Manhattan)</span> Street in Manhattan, New York

East Broadway is a two-way east–west street in the Chinatown, Two Bridges, and Lower East Side neighborhoods of the New York City borough of Manhattan in the U.S. state of New York.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triad (organized crime)</span> Chinese transnational organized crime syndicate

A triad is a Chinese transnational organized crime syndicate based in Greater China with outposts in various countries having significant overseas Chinese populations.

<i>China White</i> (film) 1989 film

China White is a 1989 Hong Kong action crime film directed by Ronny Yu and starring Andy Lau, Carina Lau, Alex Man, Russell Wong and Ku Feng. Set in Amsterdam, the film deals with the rivalry between a Chinese and an Italian gang.

The Ping On was a Boston-based criminal organization. The organization rose to power in the 1970s and continued to operate throughout the 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s. The Ping On was founded by Stephen "Sky Dragon" Tse who had heavy ties to the infamous 14K Triad in Hong Kong.

The White Tigers (Chinese: 白虎; Jyutping: Baak6 Fu2) were a Chinese American street gang that was prominent in New York City's Flushing, Queens, and northern area of Chinatown from the early 1980s to the mid 1990s. They were formed in 1980 by immigrants from China of the ethnicity of Cantonese and Taiwanese, and ABCs (American-born Chinese). They adopted the color white as their clothing to match the name of the set. Throughout the 80s, the gang was often engaged in bloody turf wars with other Queens gangs, such as the younger Green Dragons. Their activities included extortion, kidnapping, illegal gambling, racketeering, drug trafficking, human trafficking, arson and murder.

References

Annotations

  1. ↑ Reed's review appeared in TV spots promoting the film as well as the back of the 2005 DVD cover.
  2. ↑ The disclaimer appears on the US VHS release and cable television but not the 2005 Region 1 DVD release.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ "Year of The Dragon – poster" Archived 2010-02-25 at the Wayback Machine . IMP Awards. Retrieved 2010-10-10.
  2. ↑ "Year of the Dragon (1985)". BBFC . Retrieved 18 December 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 "Year of the Dragon (1985) – Box office / business" Archived 2016-10-02 at the Wayback Machine . IMDb. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
  4. 1 2 "Try, Try Again". The Wall Street Journal. Aug 3, 1984. p. 19.
  5. 1 2 3 KNOEDELSEDER, WILLIAM K Jr (Aug 30, 1987). "De Laurentiis PRODUCER'S PICTURE DARKENS". Los Angeles Times. p. 1.
  6. 1 2 "Year of the Dragon" Archived 2010-08-09 at the Wayback Machine . The Numbers. Retrieved 2010-06-02.
  7. 1 2 "Year of the Dragon (1985)" Archived 2009-07-27 at the Wayback Machine . Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
  8. ↑ per Silver, Alain, and Elizabeth Ward, eds. Film Noir: An Encyclopedic Reference to the American Style, 3rd edition, 1992. Woodstock, New York: The Overlook Press. ISBN   0-87951-479-5.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DVD commentary by director Michael Cimino. Located on the Year of the Dragon 2005 Region 1 DVD.
  10. 1 2 Griffin, Nancy (February 10, 2002). "Last Typhoon Cimino Is Back". The New York Observer 16 (6): pp. 1+15+17. Retrieved 2010-10-13.
  11. 1 2 Rourke, Mickey (actor). (May 18, 2004). Interview with Mickey Rourke. [Angel Heart 2004 Special Edition Region 1 DVD]. Complete interview on YouTube: Part 1 Archived 2016-04-22 at the Wayback Machine , Part 2 Archived 2016-04-18 at the Wayback Machine & Part 3 Archived 2016-04-16 at the Wayback Machine .
  12. ↑ McNall, Bruce; D'Antonio, Michael (July 9, 2003). Fun While It Lasted: My Rise and Fall In the Land of Fame and Fortune (1st ed.). New York: Hyperion. p. 114. ISBN   978-0-7868-6864-3.
  13. ↑ "Year of the Dragon (1985) – Trivia" Archived 2016-11-28 at the Wayback Machine . IMDb. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
  14. ↑ "Obits: Kew Dock Yip (1906-2001) & Irving Himel (1915-2001) – Bill Gladstone Genealogy". 2011-10-25. Retrieved 2024-03-18.
  15. 1 2 Benson, Sheila (August 18, 1985). "Critic's Notes: Cimino's Back, With A Fiery 'Year Of Dragon'". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved January 20, 2019.
  16. 1 2 Maslin, Janet (August 16, 1985). "Film: 'Year of Dragon,' Cimino in Chinatown". The New York Times . p. C.10.
  17. ↑ Berg, Mary Helen (March 18, 1990). "In Search of...Ariane". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved January 20, 2019.
  18. ↑ Benson, Sheila (August 16, 1985). "Movie Review: A Riveting Look at Chinatown Year of the Dragon". Los Angeles Times .
  19. 1 2 "Big Picture: Victoria's year of the dragon". Times Colonist. 2016-07-08. Retrieved 2024-03-18.
  20. ↑ Couarves, Francis (editor, 2006). Movie Censorship and American Culture (pp. 288-291). University of Massachusetts Press.
  21. ↑ Canby, Vincent (August 25, 1985). "Film View: After Heaven's Gate, Dragon doesn't look bad" Archived 2017-11-21 at the Wayback Machine . The New York Times . Retrieved 2009-12-05.
  22. ↑ Maslin, Janet (August 16, 1985). "Film: Year of the Dragon, Cimino in Chinatown" Archived 2021-05-03 at the Wayback Machine . The New York Times . Retrieved 2010-10-21.
  23. ↑ Reed, Rex (1985). New York Post .
  24. ↑ Ebert, Roger (October 23, 1987). "The Sicilian" Archived 2012-09-25 at the Wayback Machine . Chicago Sun-Times . Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  25. ↑ Maltin, Leonard (August 2008). Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide (2009 ed.). New York: Penguin Group. p. 1572. ISBN   978-0-452-28978-9.
  26. ↑ Kael, p. 33
  27. ↑ Berg, Mary Helen (1990-03-18). "In Search of . . . Ariane". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-03-22.
  28. ↑ "Year of the Dragon" Archived 2010-09-08 at the Wayback Machine . Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
  29. ↑ "Cahiers du Cinéma/ Top Ten Lists 1951–2009 -> 1985" Archived 2012-03-27 at the Wayback Machine . alumnus.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
  30. 1 2 "Year of the Dragon (1985) – Awards" Archived 2016-03-14 at the Wayback Machine . IMDb. Retrieved 2010-06-13.
  31. ↑ Wilson, John (January 2, 2002). "1985 Archive of 6th Annual RAZZIE Awards" Archived 2012-07-16 at the Wayback Machine . Razzies.com. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
  32. ↑ Tse, Mariko (September 1, 1985). "The Dragon Is Unreal" Archived 2012-10-25 at the Wayback Machine . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2010-06-10.
  33. 1 2 3 Dirks, Tim. "The Most Controversial Films of All-Time – Part 14: 1980s" Archived 2010-10-24 at the Wayback Machine . Greatest Films. Retrieved 10-29-10.
  34. ↑ Garbarino, Steve (March 2002). "Michael Cimino's Final Cut" Archived 2010-08-28 at the Wayback Machine . Vanity Fair. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
  35. ↑ Kael, p. 35
  36. ↑ Camy, Gérard; Viviani, Christian. "Entretien avec Cimino". Jeune cinéma (in French). No. December/January 1985–1986. p. n171.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  37. ↑ Clarkson, Wensley (2007). Quentin Tarantino: The Man, The Myths and His Movies (Hardcover ed.). London, England: John Blake Publishing Ltd. p. 313. ISBN   978-1-84454-366-3.
  38. ↑ Schilling, Mary Kaye (April 16, 2004). "The Second Coming" Archived 2010-05-15 at the Wayback Machine . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved 2010-08-20.

Bibliography

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.