Zinc Alloy and the Hidden Riders of Tomorrow is an album by Englishrock band T. Rex, the ninth since Tyrannosaurus Rex's debut LP. It was released in March 1974 on the T.Rex record label, distributed by EMI. It was the first and only album to be released under the moniker "Marc Bolan & T. Rex".
Unlike many of T. Rex's previous albums, it was not released domestically in North America; instead, the record company released the U.S.-only Light of Love in August of the same year, featuring three tracks from Zinc Alloy while the remaining songs would appear on the band's next album, Bolan's Zip Gun.
Zinc Alloy was met with bemusement by the listening public. It reportedly confused listeners and divided the band's fanbase at the time, while critical reception was universally negative.[3] Critical re-evaluation has been more favourable, but it remains an oddity in the T. Rex canon due to its style incorporating funk and R&B influences. The album peaked at number 12 in the UK Albums chart.
Background
In the spring of 1973, Marc Bolan was dissatisfied with what he perceived as an insufficient reception to the single "20th Century Boy" (which reached the UK number 3 position that March) and eager to further explore the musical directions glimpsed on the just-released Tanx LP. His two primary influences at this time were his new relationship with musician and songwriter Gloria Jones, and an affection for the black music he heard on radio while touring the US.[4] In the midst of a European tour that March, the band entered Rosenberg Studios in Copenhagen to record new material with producer Tony Visconti once more at the helm.[5]
Recording
The initial session at Rosenberg Studios on March 20, 1973 saw rough early versions of "Liquid Gang", "Superbad" (a working title for "The Avengers"), "The Groover", its B-side "Midnight" and two outtakes, "All My Love" and "Down Home Lady" committed to tape.[5] On March 22 two more outtakes, "Saturation Syncopation" and "Delanie" were recorded. April 4 at AIR Studios saw overdubs and mixing of a few prior tracks including "Midnight", while April 30 at Wally Heider Studios in Hollywood produced "Carsmile Smith and the Old One", the B-side "Satisfaction Pony", "Blackjack" and the outtake "Saturday Night" with Gloria Jones and Stephanie Spruill on backing vocals.[5] Mixing and overdubbing was held at AIR back in London on May 6-7, then moved to Apple Studios on May 11 for working versions of "Squint Eye Mangle" (released with "Blackjack" later in the year as a single by "Big Carrot") and another outtake, "Mr. Motion".
Bolan became one of the first English artists to record in Germany when the sessions moved to Musicland Studios in Munich between June 17-24. The band's lineup expanded at this time, incorporating second guitarist Jack Green (according to tour manager Mick Grey, his participation was minimal),[6] session player B.J. Cole on pedal steel, and backing vocalists 'The Cosmic Choir', a soul duo composed of Gloria Jones and Sister Pat Hall, sometimes augmented by Gloria's brother "Big" Richard Jones.[6] In contemporary interviews Bolan stated "I'm spending a lot more time on recordings now", adding that he intended to remake many of the Copenhagen recordings.[6] Approximately twenty tracks were put down at Musicland including "Galaxy", "Painless Persuasion V" (working title "Look to Your Soul"), "Change", "Nameless Wildness", "Carsmile Smith" (remake), "Liquid Gang" (remake), "Truck On (Tyke)", "Interstellar Soul", "You Got to Jive to Stay Alive", "Spanish Midnight", "The Avengers" (remake), the B-side "Sitting Here" and outtakes "Dance In The Midnight", "Saturday Night" (remake), "Hope You Enjoy The Show" (which was played at a few concerts during this period) and "Plateau Skull" (working title "Twelve Bar Blues").[5]
The band went on a summer tour of America where "Sound Pit Part 1, "Sound Pit Part 2" and "Explosive Mouth" were taped at Sound Pit Studios in Atlanta on July 30. On August 7-9 at Elektra Sound Recorders in Hollywood a working version of "Teenage Dream" and further work on "Explosive Mouth" were considered, while on August 28-29 "Till Dawn" and "Venus Loon" were taped at Electric Lady Studios in New York.[5] Between all 1973 sessions some 33 tracks were recorded overall, including 7 non-LP single sides and an additional 11 outtakes, only one of which ("Till Dawn") would see release in Bolan's lifetime.
The album was mixed at AIR Studios after the band's return from their US tour in September, with further overdubbing there on October 13.[5] The mixing process was difficult as Bolan was heavily addicted to cocaine by this time. He wanted total control of the sessions, often isolating himself in the mixing booth for hours and spurning Visconti's advice; as a result, this would be the last time Visconti worked with the band.[6] By November, at the conclusion of an extensive Far East tour, drummer Bill Legend also quit, noting "I always gave him my best but it wouldn't have taken much for him to give us the occasional word of encouragement...he tended to take everyone for granted".[6]
Music
Marc's ambitions at the time were to fuse glam, pop, soul, funk, psychedelia, and heavy metal into what he called on work-in-progress session sheets "spaceage funk" and "interstellar supersoul".[6] The results were a radical change from the classic T. Rex sound. Journalist Alexis Petridis wrote that the album features a variety of styles including "the funky clavinet, the Jerry Lee Lewis piano, the backing vocals of his new partner Gloria Jones, the strings, the horns and the trebly, distorted guitar on which Bolan would fire off extravagant, Hendrixesque solos."[7]AllMusic described "The Avengers (Superbad)"", "Interstellar Soul" and "Liquid Gang" as "solid James Brown drive".[8]
Title and album cover
The original title of the album was A Creamed Cage in August with the artist name to be Zinc Alloy and the Hidden Riders of Tomorrow, which at the time he insisted was a send-up of the two Stardusts, Ziggy and Alvin.[6] The record company balked, however, largely because the photo of Bolan to be used on the cover featured him with a dramatically short haircut and nearly unrecognizable.[9] To ensure that record buyers knew who it was, the label insisted that a red banner strip stating "Marc Bolan & T. Rex" appeared on the top left corner with the title Zinc Alloy and the Hidden Riders of Tomorrow at the bottom, now relegating A Creamed Cage in August to a secondary title on the back side.[3]
Marc had wanted the album package to be an extravagant multi-layered triple gatefold sleeve designed by John Kosh consisting of a latticework image on the front featuring Bolan's face in a pale gold surround with cage bars revealing another facial shot underneath, meant to fold-out into the 'Creamed Cage' of the subtitle.[9] The 1973 oil crisis ended up limiting the design to an initial 1500 pressings, individually numbered like The Beatles' White Album and now very collectible, with the normal edition being a standard gatefold. Kosh's original package design won at the London Art Director's Association awards and was exhibited at the Design Centre.[9]
Release
The album was released on March 1, 1974, five weeks after the end of the group's first major UK tour in over a year. Despite arriving in shops directly after the tour it did nothing to revive Bolan's sagging fortunes, spending just three weeks on the UK Albums chart where it peaked at number 12, while the lead single, "Teenage Dream", reached number 13 in the singles chart.[10]
At the time of the UK release, Bolan's U.S. label Reprise had dropped Bolan and he was struggling to find another U.S. label to sign with. By the time he finally got a deal with Casablanca Records he had recorded much new material, which the new record company decided to release along with a couple of tracks from Zinc Alloy as the Light of Love album in September 1974;[9] thus, neither Zinc Alloy nor Bolan's Zip Gun were issued in the U.S. in the 1970s.
A companion release to the later Demon Records reissue, entitled Change (The Alternate Zinc Alloy), was released in 1995 and contained alternative versions, studio rough mixes, and demos of the main album and bonus tracks. The two were combined for a 2CD edition, which was released by Edsel and Rhino Records in 2002. Another reissue with rarities was issued in 2014.[11]
Zinc Alloy was poorly received upon release, with nearly universally hostile reviews.[3] The British press slammed T. Rex for copying the title of the album from Bowie's The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, even though Bolan had spoken of releasing work under the pseudonym "Zinc Alloy" during the mid-1960s. One of the few exceptions was Chris Welch at Melody Maker, who opined "there's a lot more life, guts and twists of the unexpected here than on many a more serious work" before going on to praise "Venus Loon", "Sound Pit", and "The Leopards".[5] On the other hand, Steve Peacock of Sounds drolly stated "my idea of purgatory would be to be marooned on a desert island with a gramophone and copy of this album" while Andrew Tyler of NME groaned that "Bolan has conjured up a series of ponderous titles that he uses as a vehicle to project his inane curly-haired stud image...the whole thing puts you in mind of a half-cocked production-line band content at one stab of glory."[5]
Retrospective reviews have been more favourable. AllMusic praised the song "You've Got to Jive to Stay Alive" as "implausibly slight, but impressively groove-ridden".[8] In a review rated 7 out of 10, Uncut wrote: "Bolan, newly enchanted with singer Gloria Jones, gives fuller vent to funk and R&B influences, predating by several months Bowie’s and Elton John’s interest in disco and Philly soul." "Bolan was still clearly capable of inspired creativity – the dark, twisted “Explosive Mouth” and “Change” are particularly great". "The enjoyably sub-Dylan melodrama of “Teenage Dream”".[13]The Quietus praised most of the songs, saying: "'Venus Loon' and 'Sound Pit' are startling, fantastic openers, bustling with heavy-hitting proto-disco grooves and the kind of dramatic string-stabs more akin to the Chi-Lites or O'Jays than the purely rock & roll influences of yore. Even when he does step back to the boogie of 'Explosive Mouth' there's an almost Beefheartian oddity to the grooves and shapes, a committed surrealism to the lyrics, an honesty about his own self-delusion and the destructiveness of his fantasism that imply far more self-awareness than the official story of Bolan's demise allows." Reviewer Neil Kulkarni further said that tracks like "'Galaxy' and 'Teenage Dream' swim in exquisitely dreamy breaks and bridges", featuring "the sweetly soulful harmonies and ultra-phased fades". Musically, it is said that Bolan "blends soul with funk, acid-rock, rockabilly, adds it to his palette to create a uniquely twisted stew still all his own". "'Liquid Gang', 'Carsmile Smith' and 'Painless Persuasion' are some of the most gloriously over-the-edge anthems he ever wrote, and when the band gets funky ('You've Got To Jive', 'Interstellar Soul' and 'The Avengers') they manage to be more lethally in the pocket than any of the other white rockers then trying to tap a little of James Brown's ancient-futurist magic (e.g. Led Zep, the Stones). 'The Leopards' fades you out with Marc not even singing – rapping like a Dadaist Last-Poet/Watts-Prophet, tentatively but tantalisingly hitting on an almost entirely new-type of music, somewhere 'tween Kevin Ayers and Iceberg Slim." He concluded saying that Zinc Alloy was a "fantastic mess".[3]
The Guardian wrote that it is "better than its reputation suggests". Reviewer Alexis Petridis qualified "Teenage Dream" as "floridly elegiac" "and sufficiently ahead of the curve to start experimenting with soul music 18 months before Bowie released Young Americans". Petridis concluded that Bolan "was aiming for a sort of Spectoresque wall-of-sound effect and slightly missing the mark".[7]Record Collector dubbed it a "reMarcable musical fusion".[9]
Legacy
AllMusic wrote that Zinc Alloy predated the change of style of Bolan's peers, saying: "soul-soaked songs like these aren't simply a new direction. They are the very signposts which would soon be guiding so many other English rock talents down some very unfamiliar alleyways. Zinc Alloy was released in March, 1974. Bowie began rehearsing his Philly Dogs tour in July".[8]
Marc Bolan was an English guitarist, singer-songwriter and poet. He was a pioneer of the glam rock movement in the early 1970s with his band T. Rex. Bolan strongly influenced artists of many genres, including glam rock, punk, post-punk, new wave, indie rock, Britpop and alternative rock. He was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020 as a member of T. Rex.
Gloria Richetta Jones is an American singer and songwriter who first found success in the United Kingdom, being recognized there as "The Queen of Northern Soul". She recorded the 1965 hit song "Tainted Love" and has worked in multiple genres as a Motown songwriter and recording artist, backing vocalist, and as a performer in musicals such as Hair. In the 1970s, she was a keyboardist and vocalist in Marc Bolan's glam rock band T. Rex. She and Bolan were also in a committed romantic relationship and had a son together.
Anthony Edward Visconti is an American record producer, musician and singer. Since the late 1960s, he has worked with an array of performers. His first hit single was T. Rex's "Ride a White Swan" in 1970, the first of many hits in collaboration with Marc Bolan. Visconti's lengthiest involvement was with David Bowie: intermittently from the production and arrangement of Bowie's 1968 single "In the Heat of the Morning" / "London Bye Ta-Ta" to his final album Blackstar in 2016, Visconti produced and occasionally performed on many of Bowie's albums. Visconti's work on Blackstar was awarded the Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical and his production of Angelique Kidjo's Djin Djin received the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary World Music Album.
The Slider is the seventh studio album by English rock band T. Rex, and the third since abbreviating their name from Tyrannosaurus Rex. It was released on 21 July 1972 by record labels EMI and Reprise. Two number-one singles, "Telegram Sam" and "Metal Guru", were released to promote the album. Issued at the height of the band's popularity, The Slider received acclaim from critics, reaching number 4 in the UK Albums Chart and number 17 in the US.
Futuristic Dragon is the eleventh studio album by English rock band T. Rex, released worldwide on 30 January 1976 by EMI Records bar North America. The album was preceded by two successful singles that went into the UK chart, "New York City" and "Dreamy Lady". The album saw Marc Bolan continuing to experiment, blending rock with soul music and disco elements on certain tracks.
A Beard of Stars is the fourth studio album by English psychedelic folk band Tyrannosaurus Rex, and their last before changing their name to T. Rex. It was released in March 1970 by record label Regal Zonophone.
Unicorn is the third studio album by English psychedelic folk band Tyrannosaurus Rex. It was released on 16 May 1969 by record labels Regal Zonophone and Blue Thumb, and was the last Tyrannosaurus Rex album to feature Steve Peregrin Took.
T. Rex is a 1970 album by Marc Bolan's band T. Rex, the first under that name and the fifth since their debut as Tyrannosaurus Rex in 1968. It was released on 18 December by record labels Fly and Reprise. The album continued the shift begun by its predecessor from the band's previous folk style to a minimal rock sound, with an even balance of electric and acoustic material.
Tanx is a 1973 album by rock band T. Rex, the eighth since their debut as Tyrannosaurus Rex in 1968, and the fourth under the moniker T. Rex. It was released on 16 March by record label EMI. Tanx was a musical departure from previous works: still containing tracks in the vein of The Slider, singer and songwriter Marc Bolan showed his interest for soul music, funk and gospel. Female backing singers appeared on a few tracks. New instruments such as mellotron were used, played by producer Tony Visconti, allowing the T. Rex sound to evolve.
Reinhold Mack is a German record producer and engineer. He is best known for his collaborations with Electric Light Orchestra, Queen, Sparks, and Chinaski (CZ).
Musicland Studios was a recording studio located in Munich, Germany established by Italian record producer, songwriter and musician Giorgio Moroder in the early 1970s. The studios were known for their work with artists such as Donna Summer, Electric Light Orchestra, and Queen, among others.
Dandy in the Underworld is the twelfth and final studio album by English rock band T. Rex. It was released on 11 March 1977 by record label EMI. It reached No. 26 in the UK charts, the band's highest-charting album since 1974's Zinc Alloy. The lead-off single "I Love to Boogie" had been a hit single in the UK the previous year, peaking at number 13 in the singles chart.
"Ride a White Swan" is a song by English band T. Rex. It was released as a stand-alone single on 9 October 1970 by record label Fly, and was the first single credited under the band's new, shorter name. Like all of the band's songs, it was written by the group's singer, guitarist and founder Marc Bolan. The song was included on the US version of the 1970 album, T. Rex.
Bolan's Zip Gun is the tenth studio album by English rock band T. Rex, released in February 1975 by record label EMI.
Light of Love is a US-only album released by British rock band T. Rex in 1974. It is composed of 3 tracks previously released in the UK on the album Zinc Alloy and the Hidden Riders of Tomorrow, together with 8 songs recorded in the Spring of 1974 at Music Recorders Inc. Studios in Hollywood which would later appear on the album Bolan's Zip Gun. The album was engineered by Gary Ulmer and, in the absence of Tony Visconti, was produced by Marc Bolan himself. The album marked the first time that a T. Rex album had been produced without Tony Visconti and also marked Bolan's debut in this role. "Till Dawn", was re-recorded for Bolan's Zip Gun with Bolan at the controls.
T. Rex were an English rock band formed in London in 1967 by singer-songwriter and guitarist Marc Bolan, who was their leader, frontman and only consistent member. Though initially associated with the psychedelic folk genre, Bolan began to change the band's style towards electric rock in 1969, and shortened their name to T. Rex the following year. This development culminated in 1970 with their first significant hit single "Ride a White Swan", and the group soon became pioneers of the glam rock movement.
"Teenage Dream" is a 1974 single by Marc Bolan and T. Rex, appeared also on the album Zinc Alloy and the Hidden Riders of Tomorrow.
"Light of Love" is a 1974 single by the British glam rock band T. Rex. The track is taken from the album Bolan's Zip Gun whilst its B-side, "Explosive Mouth", features on the 1974 album Zinc Alloy and the Hidden Riders of Tomorrow. In the US, both songs appeared on the US only compilation album Light of Love. Rolling Stone magazine's Ken Barnes praised the single's "upbeat" and "economical" sound in a 1974 review, claiming Bolan's new output to be "fresh and attractive".
"Truck On (Tyke)" is a 1973 single by the British glam rock band T. Rex, released 16 November 1973. Neither the track nor its B-side, "Sitting Here", appeared on an original T. Rex studio album, but both were added as bonus material on re-releases of the 1974 album Zinc Alloy and the Hidden Riders of Tomorrow. The record was poorly received critically and did not perform as well in the charts as previous T. Rex singles. The single was in the UK Singles Chart for a total of eleven weeks, peaking at No. 12, "Truck On (Tyke)" was the second to last T. Rex single, before 1974's "Teenage Dream", to break the top 20 until 1975's "New York City". Marc Bolan acknowledged that "Truck On (Tyke) is my 14th hit record and I wouldn't be at all surprised if it didn't make number one." Later, Bolan would claim the move to be deliberate, stating that its release "was a planned thing. I wanted something not so good to happen to compare it (future material) against".
"The Groover" is a 1973 single by the British glam rock band T. Rex. Neither the track nor its B-side are taken from an album. However, they are often added as bonus material on re-releases of the 1974 album Zinc Alloy and the Hidden Riders of Tomorrow.
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