Jayakwadi Dam

Last updated

Jayakwadi Dam
Jayakwadi Dam.jpg
Jayakwadi dam with its floodgates closed
India relief location map.jpg
Red pog.svg
Location of Jayakwadi Dam in India
Official nameJayakwadi-I D02995
Location Jayakwadi, Sambhajinagar District, Maharashtra, India
Coordinates 19°29′8.7″N75°22′12″E / 19.485750°N 75.37000°E / 19.485750; 75.37000
Construction began1965
Opening date1976 [1]
Construction cost4,700 cr [2]
Owner(s) Government of Maharashtra
Dam and spillways
Type of dam Earthen dam
Impounds Godavari River
Height41.30 m (135 ft)
Length9,998 m (32,802 ft) (9.998 km)
Spillways 27 Gates
Spillway capacity18153 cubic meters/sec [3]
Reservoir
CreatesNath Sagar Jalashay
Total capacity2.909 km3 (1.027×1011 cu ft) (102.75 tmc ft) [4]
Active capacity2.17 cubic kms (77 tmc ft) [5]
Inactive capacity26 tmc ft
Catchment area 21,750 km2 (8,398 sq mi)
Surface area350 km2 (135 sq mi)
Power Station
Installed capacity 12 MW

Jayakwadi dam is an earthen dam located on Godavari river at the site of Jayakwadi village in Paithan taluka of Sambhajinagar district in Maharashtra, India. It is a multipurpose project. The water is mainly used to irrigate agricultural land in the drought-prone Marathwada region of the state. It also provides water for drinking and industrial usage to nearby towns and villages and to the municipalities and industrial areas of Sambhajinagar and Jalna districts. The surrounding area of the dam has a garden and a bird sanctuary.

Contents

History and significance

A plan to build a dam on Godavari river in the drought-prone Marathwada region was first conceived during rule of state of Hyderabad. The plan was to build a dam in Beed district near Jayakwadi village with storage capacity of 2,147 MCM (million cubic meters). [6] The project came to be known as Jayakwadi project after the name of the village. However, after formation of new state of Maharashtra and comparative analysis on alternative places, it was decided to build a dam 100 km upstream at Paithan. The project was continued to name as Jayakwadi even after it was shifted to a new location. Building dam at higher level made it possible to have longer canals and thus providing irrigation facility to a larger region. The project proposal for this was completed by 1964.

The foundation of the dam was laid by Lal Bahadur Shastri, then Prime Minister of India, on 18 October 1965. The dam was inaugurated on 24 February 1976 by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. [6]

Dam

Jayakwadi is one of the longest earthen dams in Asia. Its height is about 41.30 metres (135.5 ft) and length of about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) with a total storage capacity of 2,909 million cubic meters. The total catchment area of dam is 21,750 km2 (8,400 sq mi). There are 27 water gates for the dam. Jayakwadi Dam is also called as Nathsagar Dam.

Over its lifetime, it has overflowed 18 times. On 10 August 2006, the highest discharge of 250000 ft3/s was recorded.

Nath Sagar Jalashay

Nath Sagar Jalashay is the name of the reservoir formed by Jayakwadi Dam. Fed by the Godavari and Pravara rivers the reservoir is about 55 km long and 27 km wide and spans over 350 km2 (140 sq mi). Total submergence area due to the reservoir is about 36,000 hectares (89,000 acres). [7]

Unfortunately siltation has taken a heavy toll on the project. It is estimated that approximately 30% of the dam is filled with silt, reducing its life as well as storage capacity. Survey findings show that from 2003 to 2012, there was a loss of 31% (that is 8.08 thousand million cubic (TMC) feet) in dead storage and 14% (that is 10.73 TMC) in live storage capacity of the dam due to silt. [7]

Purpose

Jayakwadi project is a multipurpose project. The main purpose was to irrigate land for agriculture in the drought prone Marathwada region of Maharashtra state. Other important purpose was to provide water for drinking and industrial usage to nearby towns and villages and to the municipalities and industrial areas of Aurangabad and Jalna. 80% of water of dam is allocated for irrigation, 5-7% for drinking water and the rest for industrial purposes. [8] The average daily discharge of the dam is around 1.36 MCM, of which 0.05 MCM of water is supplied to the MIDC area, 0.15 MCM is distributed to fulfill the needs of Aurangabad, while the remaining amount is lost in evaporation. [9]

Irrigation

The Jayakwadi project is one of the largest irrigation projects in Maharashtra of India . Through its canal system, the dam irrigates cultivable area of 237,452 hectares in the districts of Aurangabad, Jalna, Beed, Ahmednagar and Parbhani. The length of left bank canal is 208 km, the length of right bank canal is 132 km, commanding a total area is 183,858 hectares. The gross irrigated area by 96,000 hectares under right bank canal was further enlarged by constructing Majalgaon Dam which acts as a balancing reservoir in addition to harness the Sindphana tributary of the Godavari river.

Electricity generation

A hydroelectric power plant of 12 MW capacity is installed on the right bank of the river. The water used for power generation is pumped back to the main reservoir from the tail pond using reversible hydro turbine.

During the drought year 2015, the inflows into the reservoir were very meagre due to failure of rains in the catchment area. However nearly 18 tmcft dead storage water available in the reservoir could not be used for the dire needs. With minor external modifications to the exiting reversible hydro turbine unit, most of the dead storage water can be put to use during the drought years by using the hydro power plant for pumping water into the nearby right canal. Water would be released downstream into the tail pond over the spillway (if needed by siphon pipes). Nearly five km long contour canal at MDDL of the right canal in the reservoir area is constructed to connect the power house area with the right canal intake point. The pen stock of the hydro power unit is extended (less than 100 m long) to connect to the contour canal. The hydro power unit is operated in pumping mode to pump water from the tail pond to the right canal when the reservoir level is below the canal's minimum draw down level (MDDL). The pen stock extension piping is detached when water pumping to the canal is not required to restore its normal power generation when the reservoir level is above the right canal's MDDL [1] When the reservoir level is above the right canal MDDL level, the contour canal located in the reservoir area gets submerged without suffering any damage as it is not obstructing the flood flow to the dam spillway.

Industrial use

Around 0.05 MCM water is supplied daily from dam to various industries located in Aurangabad and Jalna MIDC areas. The dam is also a primary source of water to the Parli Thermal Power Station. [10]

Flora and fauna

Aquatic vegetation has species of Chara , Spirogyra , Hydrilla , Potamogeton and Vallisneria . Surrounding areas grow Argemone mexicana and Ipomoea carnea . Around 37 species of flora have been reported in the vicinity of reservoir. Seasonal farming (gal pera) is carried out on the exposed land when the waterline recedes. [2]

Dnyaneshwar Udyan

Dnyaneshwar Udyan is one of the largest gardens in Maharashtra resembling the Brindavan Gardens of Mysore. It is spread over 125 hectares and is situated on the banks of Nathsagar Lake formed due to Jayakwadi Dam. It is located near the town of Paithan which is 50 km south of Aurangabad.

Jayakwadi Bird Sanctuary

Migratory birds at Jayakwadi Birds at Jayakwadi.jpg
Migratory birds at Jayakwadi

The Nath Sagar reservoir creates 30 island of various sizes in the shallow waters, with trees for roosting, this provides an ideal shelter for migratory birds. Close to the dam a bird sanctuary has been created which is home for many species of resident and migrant birds. Almost 200 species of birds can be found in this region, which includes more than 70 species of migratory birds. Out of these, 45 chief species are of international migration. Notable amongst migratory birds are cranes, flamingos, pintails, wigeons, shovellers, brahminy ducks, pochards, teals, godwits, and glossy ibises. [11]

Many species are reported in numbers larger than 1% of their bio-geographic population thresholds in Jayakwadi bird sanctuary (Wetlands International Norms – 2002). The Jayakwadi bird sanctuary qualifies for the congregatory criteria A4-i, A4-iii and A4-iv. [ A4i (≥1% biogeographic population), A4iii (≥20,000 water birds), A4iv (known to exceed thresholds set for migratory species) ]. [2]

However, the dam's high water levels have resulted in a loss of habitats for the birds, with an environmentalist noting in 2019 that "it could happen that migratory birds from our country and abroad may prefer other water bodies than the bird sanctuary". [12]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Godavari River</span> River in India

The Godavari is India's second longest river after the Ganga river and drains into the third largest basin in India, covering about 10% of India's total geographical area. Its source is in Trimbakeshwar, Nashik, Maharashtra. It flows east for 1,465 kilometres (910 mi), draining the states of Maharashtra (48.6%), Telangana (18.8%), Andhra Pradesh (4.5%), Chhattisgarh (10.9%) and Odisha (5.7%). The river ultimately empties into the Bay of Bengal through an extensive network of distributaries. Measuring up to 312,812 km2 (120,777 sq mi), it forms one of the largest river basins in the Indian subcontinent, with only the Ganga and Indus rivers having a larger drainage basin. In terms of length, catchment area and discharge, the Godavari is the largest in peninsular India, and had been dubbed as the Dakshina Ganga.

Paithan ['pəɪ.ʈʰaɳ], historically Pratiṣṭhāna [pɾə'tɪʂʈʰana], is a town with municipal council in Aurangabad district, Maharashtra, Maharashtra, India. Paithan is located 56 kilometres (35 mi) south of present-day Aurangabad on the Godavari River. It was the capital of the Satavahana dynasty, which ruled from the second century BCE to the second century CE. It is one of the few inland towns mentioned in the famous first-century Greek book, the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jalna district</span> District of Maharashtra in India

Jalna district is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in western India. Jalna town is the district headquarters. The district is part of Aurangabad division.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aurangabad district, Maharashtra</span> District of Maharashtra in India

Aurangabad district, officially known as Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar district, is one of the 36 districts of the state of Maharashtra in western India. It borders the districts of Nashik to the west, Jalgaon to the north, Jalna to the east, and Ahmednagar to the south. The city of Aurangabad houses the district's administrative headquarters. The district has an area of 10,100 km2, of which 37.55% is urban and the rest is rural. Aurangabad District is a major tourism region in Marathwada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Godavari River Basin Irrigation Projects</span>

The Godavari River has its catchment area in seven states of India: Maharashtra, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Odisha. The number of dams constructed in Godavari basin is the highest among all the river basins in India. Nearly 350 major and medium dams and barrages had been constructed in the river basin by the year 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nizam Sagar</span> Dam in Telangana, India

Nizam Sagar Dam is an Indian dam named after the Nizam of Hyderabad. It is a reservoir constructed across the Manjira River, a tributary of the Godavari River, between Achampet and BanjePally villages of the Kamareddy district in Telangana, India. It is located at about 144 km (89 mi) north-west of Hyderabad. Nizam Sagar is the oldest dam in the state of Telangana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sriram Sagar Project</span> Dam in Telangana, India

The Sriram Sagar Project is also known as the Pochampadu Project is an Indian flood-flow project on the Godavari. The Project is located in Nizamabad district, 3 km away from National Highway 44. It has been described by The Hindu as a "lifeline for a large part of Telangana".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gandhi Sagar Dam</span> Dam in Mandsaur District Madhya Pradesh

GandhisagarDam is situated at a distance of 168 km from the District headquarter. The Dam is constructed on the Chambal River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nagarjuna Sagar Dam</span> Dam in Andhra Pradesh & Nalgonda district, Telangana

Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is a masonry dam across the Krishna River at Nagarjuna Sagar which straddles the border between Palnadu district in Andhra Pradesh and Nalgonda district in Telangana. The dam provides irrigation water to the districts of Palnadu, Guntur, Nalgonda, Prakasam, Khammam, Krishna, and parts of West Godavari. It is also a source of electricity generation for the national grid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Srisailam Dam</span> Dam in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, India

The Srisailam Dam is constructed across the Krishna River in Nandyal district, Andhra Pradesh and Nagarkurnool district, Telangana near Srisailam temple town and is the 2nd largest capacity working hydroelectric station in India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ujjani Dam</span> Dam in Madha Taluka, Solapur district

Ujjani Dam, also known as Bhima Dam or Bhima Irrigation Project, on the Bhima River, a tributary of the Krishna River, is an earthfill cum Masonry gravity dam located near Ujjani village of Madha Taluk in Solapur district of the state of Maharashtra in India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polavaram Project</span> Dam in Eluru district, Andhra Pradesh

The Polavaram Project is an under construction multi-purpose irrigation project on the Godavari River in the Eluru District and East Godavari District in Andhra Pradesh. The project has been accorded National project status by the Central Government of India. Its reservoir back water spreads up to the Dummugudem Anicut and approx 115 km on Sabari River side. Thus back water spreads into parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha States. It gives major boost to tourism sector in Godavari Districts as the reservoir covers the famous Papikonda National Park, Polavaram hydro electric project (HEP) and National Waterway 4 are under construction on left side of the river. It is located 40 km to the upstream of Sir Arthur Cotton Barrage in Rajamahendravaram City and 25 km from Rajahmundry Airport.

The Pranahita Chevella Lift Irrigation Project is a lift irrigation project to harness the water of Pranahita tributary of Godavari river for use in the Telangana state of India. The river water diversion barrage across the Pranahita river is located at Thammidihatti village in Komaram Bheem district of Telangana. This lift canal is an inter river basin transfer link by feeding Godavari river water to Krishna river basin. The chief ministers of Telangana and Maharashtra states reached an agreement in 2016 to limit the full reservoir level (FRL) of the barrage at 148 m msl with 1.85 tmcft storage capacity. In the year 2016, this project is divided into two parts. The scheme with diversion canal from the Thammmidihatti barrage to connect to existing Yellampalli reservoir across the Godavari river is presently called Pranahita barrage lift irrigation project. This scheme is confined to providing irrigation facility to nearly 2,00,000 acres in Adilabad district using 44 tmcft water.

The Pulichintala Project is a multi-purpose water management project for irrigation, hydropower generation, and flood control in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is a crucial irrigation facility for farmers in four coastal districts: West Godavari, Krishna, Guntur, Palanadu, and Prakasam, covering over 13 lakh acres. It has 24 gates and a balancing reservoir with a capacity of 46 Tmcft at 175 feet (53 m) MSL full reservoir level (FRL).

Icchampally Project was a multi-purpose project proposed in 2008, with hydro electricity generation, irrigation, flood control, etc. benefits on the River Godavari in India. This project is proposed as joint project of Telangana, Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh states.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal</span> Tribunal created by the government of India

The Government of India (GoI) constituted a common tribunal on 10 April 1969 to solve the river water utilization disputes about the river basin states of Godavari and Krishna rivers under the provisions of Interstate River Water Disputes Act – 1956. The common tribunal was headed by Sri RS Bachawat as its chairman with Sri DM Bhandari and Sri DM Sen as its members. Godavari river basin spreads through the states of Telangana (TS), Maharashtra (MR), Orissa, old Madhya Pradesh {later bifurcated into present Madhya Pradesh (MP) and Chhattisgarh}, Karnataka (K) and Andhra Pradesh (AP). Krishna river basin states Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh insisted on the quicker verdict as it had become more expedient for the construction of irrigation projects in Krishna basin. So the Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal (GWDT) could not proceed till the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal final verdict was submitted to GoI on 27 May 1976.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nagarjuna Sagar tail pond</span> Reservoir in India

Nagarjuna Sagar tail pond is a multipurpose reservoir located 21 km downstream from the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam across the Krishna River near Satrasala in Nalgonda district, India. Its gross water storage capacity is 6 Tmcft. The reservoir water spread area extends up to the toe of the Nagarjuna Sagar dam. The project was completed by July 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Purna River (tributary of Godavari)</span> River in Maharashtra, India

The Purna River is a major left-bank tributary of Godavari River originating in the Ajanta Range of hills in Aurangabad District, Maharashtra.The river lies in the rain shadow region of Maharashtra, on the Deccan Plateau, flowing through the districts of Aurangabad, Buldana, Jalna, Hingoli and Parbhani with a large catchment area measuring about 15,579 km2. This enormous catchment area is often tagged as a sub-basin of Godavari River and along with its tributaries forms a dendritic drainage pattern. It is a prime river in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra running for about 373 km before it converges with Godavari River south of Purna city in the Parbhani district.

Jayakwadi Bird Sanctuary is a bird sanctuary. It is located near Jayakwadi village in Paithan taluka of Aurangabad district in Maharashtra State, India. The sanctuary is located in 30 islands of various sizes in the shallow waters, with trees for roosting; this provides an ideal shelter for migratory birds.

References

  1. 1 2 "Jayakwadi-I D02995" . Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 "Jaikwadi Dam and Its Nath Sagar Reservoir". authorstream.com. Archived from the original on 10 February 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
  3. ↑ Dams of national importance, National Register of large dams,2019 Ed, Central Water Commission, New Delhi, Govt of India
  4. ↑ Dams of national importance, National Register of large dams,2019 Ed, Central Water Commission, New Delhi, Govt of India
  5. ↑ Dams of national importance, National Register of large dams, 2019 Ed, Central Water Commission, New Delhi, Govt of India
  6. 1 2 Gadre V. R. "जायकवाडी प्रकल्प". Mumbai: महाराष्ट्र राज्य मराठी विश्वकोश निर्मिती मंडळ. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
  7. 1 2 "Evaporation rate up in Jayakwadi dam". The Times of India . India. 4 April 2013. Archived from the original on 8 July 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  8. ↑ "Near their largest dam lie the driest villages". Hindustan Times. India. 21 August 2012. Archived from the original on 24 August 2012. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
  9. ↑ "More rains lead to rise in Jayakwadi water levels". The Times of India . India. 27 June 2013. Archived from the original on 8 July 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  10. ↑ Khapre, Shubhangi (12 February 2013). "Power generation drops by 1,000 MW". The Indian Express . Mumbai. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  11. ↑ "Jayakwadi Bird Sanctuary". Hoparoundindia.com. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
  12. ↑ Joshi, Prasad (6 November 2019). "Migratory birds may bypass Jayakwadi this year as overflowing dam submerges habitat". The Times of India .
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.