18 March - Troops of the regular French Army sent by Adolphe Thiers, Chef du pouvoir executive de la République française, to seize cannons stored on the Butte Montmartre fraternise with civilians and the National Guard, and two army generals are killed: origin of the Paris Commune. Regular troops are evacuated to Versailles.
26 March - The Paris Commune is formally established.
4 April - Marseille Commune suppressed with the loss of 30 soldiers and 150 insurgents.
10 May - Treaty of Frankfurt is signed confirming the frontiers between Germany and France. The provinces of Alsace and Lorraine are transferred from France to Germany.
21 May - Government troops enter Paris to overthrow the Commune, beginning "Bloody Week" (Semaine sanglante).
27 October - Henri, Count of Chambord, refuses to be crowned "King Henry V of France" until the country abandons its tricolor, and returns to the old Bourbon flag.
Births
7 January - Émile Borel, mathematician and politician (died 1956)
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