1911 Australian census

Last updated

First commonwealth census

 19013 April 1911;113 years ago (1911-04-03)1921 

The First Commonwealth Census - 1911 - First page.jpg
General information
CountryCommonwealth of Australia
AuthorityBureau of Census and Statistics
Website abs.gov.au (1911)
Results
Total population4,455,005 (Increase2.svg18.05%)
Most populous  state or territory New South Wales (1,646,734)
Least populous  state or territory Federal Territory (1,714)

The 1911 Australian census was the first national population census held in Australia and was conducted by the Bureau of Census and Statistics. The day used for the census, was taken for the night between 2 and 3 April 1911. The total population of the Commonwealth of Australia was counted as 4,455,005 – an increase of 681,204 people, 18.05% over the 1901 "Federation" census. [1] [lower-alpha 1] [2]

Contents

The Census Volumes II and III were published on 30 September 1914. At that time it was intended to issue shortly thereafter Volume 1. [3]

Collection method

The first Commonwealth Statistician was George Handley Knibbs. He began his career as a licensed surveyor in government service. On Monday 3 April 1911, census collectors set out all over Australia under mostly clear skies to begin gathering in Australia's first national census forms. They covered suburbs to rural towns and the outback. They travelled by bike or horse where they had the transport that was needed to cover large areas, however, most travelled by foot. Some in Northern Queensland had to find their way through a flooded landscape while others in South Australia had difficulties finding water and fodder for their horses due to droughts. They had distributed the forms prior to the census day. [4]

The Rialto building, 497-503 Collins Street, where Knibbs and staff occupied during the census. Rialto old.....jpg
The Rialto building, 497–503 Collins Street, where Knibbs and staff occupied during the census.

There was a permanent staff of the 'Bureau of Census and Statistics' which consisted of the Statistician (Knibbs) and many assistants, some young men working as clerks as well as a couple of messenger boys. A female typist had joined soon after. They worked in the old Rialto Building in Collins Street, Melbourne. [6]

Collectors had to supply their own transport and cover any associated costs such as fodder and petrol. They were paid according to their method of transport. Collectors on foot were paid ten shilling a day, those on bicycle fifteens shillings a day and those on horse 20 shillings a day. Police were used in the days immediately following the census to get travellers, swagmen and campers to provide their information. Train conductors and ships' captains were also used as collectors in the 1911 census and several subsequent censuses, to cover people travelling overnight on census night. [7]

Census questions

"For Every Person present in the Night from 2 to 3 April 1911, or returning on 3rd April (if not included elsewhere). [8]
1. Name in full (Underline Surname.)
2. Sex – {Write M for Male}, {Write F for Female}
3. Date of Birth: Day, Month, Year
(a) Where exact date of birth is unknown, age at last birthday____years
4. If married, write M. If widowed, write W. If divorced, write D. If never married, write N. M.
5. Date of existing Marriage: Year...........
6. Number of Children (living and dead) from existing Marriage...........

7. Relation to Head of Household
8. State if Blind or Deaf and Dumb ..............
9. Country (or Australian State) where born
10. If a British subject by parentage. write P.

11. If born outside Commonwealth, state length of residence therein

12. Religion 13. Education

14. Profession or Occupation
(If engaged in more than one occupation. underline principal occupation.)

Population and dwellings

Population counts for Australian states and territories had 4,455,005 and 19,939 full-Aboriginals (counted separately) for a total population of 4,474,944. [9]

Note: All figures are for the census usually resident population count.

States and Territories MalesFemalesTotal
Flag of New South Wales.svg New South Wales 857,698789,0361,646,734
Flag of Victoria (Australia).svg Victoria 655,591659,9601,315,551
Flag of Queensland.svg Queensland 329,506276,307605,813
Flag of South Australia.svg South Australia 207,358201,200408,558
Flag of Western Australia (1870-1953).svg Western Australia 161,565120,549282,114
Flag of Tasmania.svg Tasmania 97,59193,620191,211
Territories
Northern Territory 2,7345763,310
Federal Territory 9927221,714
Flag of Australia (converted).svg Commonwealth of Australia 2,313,035'2,141,9704,455,005
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics [lower-alpha 2] [10] [11]
States and TerritoriesMalesFemalesTotal
     New South Wales 1,1528602,012
     Victoria 10393196
     Queensland 5,1453,5428,687
     South Australia 8026371,439
     Western Australia 3,4332,9366,369
     Tasmania 213
Territories
     Northern Territory 7434801,223
     Federal Territory 5510
Commonwealth of Australia11,3858,55419,939
Source: ABS [12]

Birthplace

At the Census of 3 April 1911, each person was asked to state on a "personal" card, the "Country or Australian State where born," and to state on a "personal" card, and from the replies to this query, taken in conjunction with the other data furnished, the tables contained in Part II. [13]

% of the overseas-born. [14]

  England (50.0%)
   Ireland (20.0%)
   Scotland (13.0%)
   Germany (5.0%)
   New Zealand (5.0%)
   China (3.0%)
   Wales (2.0%)
   Italy (1.0%)
   British India (1.0%)
   United States (%)
Country of birthPopulationPercent
Australasia 3,721,05283.52
Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia 3,667,67082.90
New South Wales 1,315,030
Victoria 1,181,787
Queensland 415,064
South Australia 394,768
Western Australia 114,550
Tasmania 193,770
Northern Territory 710
Australia (undefined)51,991
Totals, Overseas-born766,07016.48
Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 32,1170.72
Europe 673,00615.11
Flag of England.svg England 346,0307.75
Flag of Scotland.svg Scotland 93,083
Flag of the Isle of Man.svg Isle of Man 1,007
Saint Patrick's Saltire.svg Ireland 139,434
Flag of Wales (1807-1953).svg Wales 12,175
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Other European British pos. 2,378
Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918).svg Austria-Hungary 2,774
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium 339
Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark 5,663
Flag of France.svg France 2,876
Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany 32,990
Kingdom of Greece Flag.svg Greece 1,798
Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg Italy 6,719
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 745
Flag of Norway.svg Norway 3,451
Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal 173
Flag of Russia.svg Russia 4,456
Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg Spain 658
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 5,586
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Switzerland 1,736
Other European Countries600
Asia 36,8220.83
Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912).svg China 20,775
Africa 4,9950.11
Red Ensign of South Africa (1910-1912).svg South Africa (undefined)2,525
America 11,4020.25
Flag of the United States (1908-1912).svg United States of America 6,642
Canadian Red Ensign (1868-1921).svg Canada 2,944
Polynesia 3,4390.08
Flag of Fiji (1908-1924).svg Fiji 852
At sea 4,2890.10
Unspecified30,470
Totals, Commonwealth4,455,005100.00%
Source: ABS [15]

Race

At the first Australian census in 1911 only those "aboriginal natives" living near European settlements were enumerated, and the main population tables included only those of half or less Aboriginal descent. Details of those "full-blood" Aborigines enumerated were included in separate tables. [16]

RacePopulationPercentage
European 4,402,66298.83%
Totals, non-European52,3431.17%
Aboriginals (half)10,1130.23%
Asiatic 38,6900.87%
     Chinese 25,772
     Hindus 3,698
     Japanese 3,576
African 6930.01%
American 890.00%
     American Indians 51
     West Indies (so described)35
Polynesian 2,7510.06%
     Polynesians (so described)2,197
     Papuans 375
Indefinite70.00%
Commonwealth4,455,005100.00%
Full-Aboriginal (counted separately)*19,939
Totals..4,474,944100.00%
Source [17] [18]

Religion

According to these figures it appears that of the 4,455,005 people in Australia on census day (3 April. 1911) 4,274,414 were Christians, 36,785 non-Christians, 14,673 are described as indefinite, 10,016 were of no religion, 83,003 objected to state to what faith, if any, they belonged, and the remaining 36,114 were unspecified.

Religion. 1911 Census
NumberPercentage
Christian 4,274,41495.95%
     Church of England 1,710,44338.4%
     Presbyterians 558,336
     Methodists 547,806
     Baptist 97,074
     Congregational 74,046
     Lutheran 72,395
     Church of Christ 38,748
     Salvation Army 26,665
     Seventh-day Adventist 6,095
     Unitarian 2,175
     Protestant (undefined)109,861
     Roman; Catholic 921,42520.7%
     Greek Catholic 2,646
     Catholic (undefined)75,379
     Others31,320
Non-Christian36,785
     Hebrew 17,287
     Confucian 5,194
     Mohammedan 3,908
     Buddhist 3,269
     Pagan 1,447
     Others5,680
Indefinite14,673
     Freethinker 3,254
     Agnostic 3,084
     No Denomination2,688
    Others5,647
No Religion10,016
    No Religion9,251
    Atheist579
    Others186
Object to state83,003
Unspecified36,114
Grand total ..4,455,005100.00%
Source [19]

See also

Notes

  1. (Excluding the Dwellings occupied solely by Full-blooded Aboriginals).
  2. At the Census of 3 April 1911 (Full-blooded Aboriginals not included).

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References

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  3. "VOLUME I. STATISTICIAN'S REPORT INCLUDING APPENDICES" (PDF). ausstats.abs.gov.au. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
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  6. "Reflecting a Nation Stories from the 1911 – 2011 Census". abs.gov.au. July 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  7. "Reflecting a Nation Stories from the 1911 – 2011 Census". abs.gov.au. July 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
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  10. Census of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1911, Australian Bureau of Statistics
  11. Census of The Commonwealth Of Australia, 1911. PART XIV.-SUMMARY TABLES
  12. Census of The Commonwealth Of Australia, 1911. PART XIV.-SUMMARY TABLES
  13. "Census of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1911" (PDF). Australian Bureau of Statistics . 1911. p. 114. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  14. "Towards a super connected Australia" (PDF). nbnco.com.au. 2015. p. 7. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  15. "Census of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1911 (P.114)" (PDF). Australian Bureau of Statistics . 1911. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  16. Madden, Richard; Al-Yaman, Fadwa (2003). "How Statisticians Describe Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples" (PDF). 2003 Seminars on Health and Society: An Australian Indigenous Context. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2006. Retrieved 25 June 2006.
  17. "Pocket Compendium of Australian Statistics Volumes 20–24". 1934. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  18. "PART VIII. NON.EUROPEAN RACES Census of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1911". abs.gov.au. 25 November 2009. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  19. "Census of The Commonwealth Of Australia, 1911. PART XIV.-SUMMARY TABLES Religion" (PDF). ausstats.abs.gov.au. p. 2111. Retrieved 7 June 2022.