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Early general elections were held in Sweden between 10 and 26 September 1921, [1] the first in Sweden under universal suffrage. The Swedish Social Democratic Party remained the largest party, winning 93 of the 230 seats in the Andra kammaren of the Riksdag. Party leader Hjalmar Branting formed his second government.
Before the elections in 1921 the Social Democratic Left Party of Sweden accepted Lenin's April Theses and was renamed the Communist Party of Sweden, whilst a breakaway faction of some 6,000 socialists who had been excluded by the communists as "non-revolutionary elements" kept the previous name.
In 1921 universal suffrage was introduced for men and women, [2] aged 23 and over. However, a significant number of people were still unable to vote, including those who had been declared incapable of managing their own affairs by a court of law. This limitation of the franchise disappeared only in 1989 when the Riksdag abolished incapacitation. [3] In the 1921 elections incapacitation meant that only 55% of the population could vote. [3]
The five first women MPs were elected, with Kerstin Hesselgren in the Första kammaren and Nelly Thüring (Social Democrat), Agda Östlund (Social Democrat) Elisabeth Tamm (liberal) and Bertha Wellin (Conservative) in the Andra kammaren. [4]
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Swedish Social Democratic Party | 630,855 | 36.22 | 93 | +18 | |
| General Electoral League | 449,302 | 25.79 | 62 | –9 | |
| Free-minded National Association | 325,608 | 18.69 | 41 | –6 | |
| Farmers' League | 192,269 | 11.04 | 21 | –9 | |
| Communist Party | 80,355 | 4.61 | 7 | 0 | |
| Social Democratic Left Party | 56,241 | 3.23 | 6 | New | |
| Other parties | 7,322 | 0.42 | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 1,741,952 | 100.00 | 230 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 1,741,952 | 99.68 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 5,601 | 0.32 | |||
| Total votes | 1,747,553 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 3,222,917 | 54.22 | |||
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | |||||
As a result of the election Prime Minister Oscar von Sydow resigned and was replaced by Hjalmar Branting who also became Foreign Minister of Sweden. Although the non-socialist parties held a majority in the second chamber, Branting was able to hold office through being the largest party and reaching cross-ideological consensus in the chamber. The centre-right majority took over the governing in 1923 under Ernst Trygger following a parliamentary loss for the Social Democrats over unemployment protection.
Alongside the universal franchise reform, a parliamentary system of government developed and gained acceptance, implying that the government requires the Riksdag's confidence and support for all major decisions. From 1921 all major treaties with foreign states had to be approved by the Riksdag, and the two chambers of the Riksdag now elected their own Speakers along with two deputy speakers each.
The Riksdag is the parliament and the supreme decision-making body of the Kingdom of Sweden. Since 1971, the Riksdag has been a unicameral parliament with 349 members, elected proportionally and serving, since 1994, fixed four-year terms. The 2022 Swedish general election is the most recent general election.
The Riksdag is the national legislature of Sweden. However, when it was founded in 1866 Sweden did not have a parliamentary system of government.
The Swedish Social Democratic Party, formally the SwedishSocial Democratic Workers' Party, usually referred to as The Social Democrats, is a social democratic political party in Sweden. The party is member of the Progressive Alliance and the Party of European Socialists.
The period following the accession of Oscar II to the throne of Sweden in 1872 was marked by political conflict. The Lantmanna Party, representing peasant proprietors, dominated the Lower House of parliament, and demanded tax reductions and reforms of the system of military service. The Upper House opposed these positions. A compromise was reached in 1884 with reduction in land taxes and increased periods of military service, processes that continued in later years.
Nils Edén was a Swedish historian and liberal politician who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1917 to 1920, and along with Hjalmar Branting acknowledged as co-architect of Sweden's transition from a constitutional monarchy to a fully parliamentary democracy with equal male and female suffrage.
Karl Hjalmar Branting was a Swedish politician who was the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party (SAP) from 1907 until his death in 1925, and three times Prime Minister of Sweden. When Branting came to power in 1920, he was the first Social Democratic Prime Minister of Sweden. When taking office for a second term after the general election of 1921, he became the first social democratic head of government in Western Europe elected under universal suffrage. An early supporter of modern social democracy and democratic socialism, he led the SAP through a transformation from a radical socialist movement to Sweden's dominant party; the Social Democrats have been Sweden's largest party in every election since 1914, and formed government for 44 continuous years from 1932 to 1976.
Salomon Arvid Achates Lindman was a Swedish rear admiral, industrialist and conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1906 to 1911 and again from 1928 to 1930. He has been described as one of the fathers of modern Sweden.
General elections were held in Sweden on 21 September 1952. The Social Democrats remained the largest party with 110 of the 230 seats in the Andra kammaren of the Riksdag and together with the Communist Party of Sweden they got 115 seats and the other parties 115 seats. Tage Erlander and his Social Democratic Party did however form his second government with the Farmers' League already in 1951 and together with that party the Social Democrats now had a majority of 136 seats in the chamber and together with the Communists 141 seats. In the other indirectly elected chamber the Social Democrats had an absolute majority.
General elections were held in Sweden on 16 September 1956. The Swedish Social Democratic Party remained the largest party, winning 106 of the 231 seats in the Andra kammaren of the Riksdag. A Social Democratic-Farmers' League coalition government was formed by Prime Minister Tage Erlander after the election with 125 of the total of 231 seats. Although the non-socialist parties held a majority in the Second Chamber, the Social Democrats held a majority in the First Chamber, so a non-socialist government could not be formed.
The Courtyard Crisis was a constitutional conflict between Sweden's King Gustaf V and the Liberal Prime Minister Karl Staaff.
Early general elections were held in Sweden on 1 June 1958, after the defeat of the Social Democratic government's proposals for a new pensions system in a parliamentary vote. The Social Democrats remained the largest party, winning 111 of the 231 seats in the Andra kammaren of the Riksdag, and Tage Erlander's third government was returned to power. In accordance with the law, the new Chamber was elected only to complete the previous Chamber's term, which was due to end in 1960.
Ernst Trygger was a Swedish jurist, professor and conservative politician. He served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1923 to 1924. He also served as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1928 to 1930 in the government of Arvid Lindman. He was a member of the first chamber of the Swedish Riksdag from 1898 to 1937, and also leader of the conservatives in that chamber from 1913 to 1933.
Carl Winberg, was a Swedish communist politician and newspaper editor.
Early general elections were held in Sweden between 27 March and 7 April 1914, after the Riksdag had been prematurely dissolved by the Cabinet of Hjalmar Hammarskjöld. The General Electoral League emerged as the largest party, winning 86 of the 230 seats in the Andra kammaren. As of 2022, this is the last time a Swedish election has not seen the Social Democrats win a plurality of seats.
General elections were held in Sweden between 4 and 17 September 1920, the last before universal suffrage was introduced the following year. The Social Democratic Party remained the largest party, winning 75 of the 230 seats in the Andra kammaren of the Riksdag. Later in October 1920 Hjalmar Branting was succeeded as prime minister by Baron Louis De Geer.
The second cabinet of Hjalmar Branting was the cabinet of Sweden between 13 October 1921 and 19 April 1923.
The Första kammaren was the upper house of the bicameral Riksdag of Sweden between 1866 and 1970 that replaced the Riksdag of the Estates. During the bicameral period, the lower house of the Riksdag was the Andra kammaren. Both chambers had generally similar and parallel powers.
The Andra kammaren was the lower house of the bicameral Riksdag of Sweden between 1866 and 1970 that replaced the Riksdag of the Estates. The upper house was the Första kammaren.
General elections were held in Sweden in 1866. They were the first elections for the new Second Chamber in the Riksdag, which would serve a three-year term. Suffrage was given to men over the age of 21 who either had a taxable income of at least 800 riksdaler a year, owned a property worth at least 1,000 riksdaler, or rented a property taxed to at least 6,000 riksdaler. This meant that around 5.5% of the population were able to vote, a slight reduction from the 6% that had been eligible under the previous Estates system. The changes had been approved following a 60,000-strong petition and a vote in the House of Nobility in December 1865 during which crowds had gathered outside to pressure the nobles into approving it.
Sweden held a general election around 19 September 1924. This was the second election under universal suffrage. In spite of a majority for the non-socialist parties, Social Democrat Hjalmar Branting was able to form a government, although his successor eventually saw the government fall and being replaced by a right-leaning Electoral League government.
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