The 1953 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1953, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1953 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Fleet Weather Center on Guam.
Season summary
Systems
24 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific. 17 storms reached typhoon intensity, and 5 reached super typhoon strength.
Irma formed on February 18, just near the International Date Line. The storm moved west over the following days, slowly increasing its speed before reaching its peak intensity on February 23. The storm quickly lost speed, then made landfall over the Visayas archipelago of the Philippines. On December 25, the storm dissipated just near the province of Iloilo.[1]
Judy formed on May 28, to the east of the Philippines. The next day, the storm started moving west, then later moving northwest. Over the following days, the storm moved northwest, albeit curving. On June 4, the typhoon hit the Philippines, reaching its peak intensity in Luzon. The storm later curved north, skirting Taiwan. The storm started losing speed, then increased speed on June 6. The storm later curved north, directly hitting Japan. Later dissipating the next day.[2] Judy damaged multiple areas in Japan, causing 37 deaths, 17 injuries, and leading 56 people missing. The storm also destroyed 1802 houses, inundated another 33 thousand, and damaged 139 ships.[3][4]
04W formed on June 21. The storm moved northwest, making landfall in the Philippines on June 25, reaching its peak intensity. On June 26, the storm quickly curved north and then quickly moved south the same day. A few days later, the storm made landfall in Hainan and later Mainland China.[5]
On June 25, Kit formed just south of the Philippines. Over the following days, the storm traverses west, then later northwest, having peak intensity on June 29. Kit later starts decreasing speed on July 1, then made landfall in Taiwan on July 3. The next day, Kit settles in China, curving north. The storm stayed in China over the following days, then made landfall on the Korea peninsula on July 5. The storm later makes landfall in Japan on July 7, then dissipated the following day.[6] Because of the storm, strong winds were recorded in Batanes, with widespread precipitation.[7] Other than rain, Kit destroyed a ship and damaged another.[8]
On July 23, Lola spawned southeast of Japan. The typhoon curved northwest before differing between north and west. The storm then drifted north before curving northeast and dissipating shortly after on August 3.[9]
Nina was a major storm. On August 8, Nina formed formed near Micronesia. Over the following days, the storm traveled northwest, reaching peak intensity on August 13. It later made landfall in China as a Category4 tropical cyclone.[10]
After landfall, Nina curved north. The storm turned into an extratropical cyclone, and made landfall in Japan on August 20.[11]
Tropical Storm 09W
Tropical depression(JMA)
Tropical storm(SSHWS)
Duration
August 9– August 11
Peak intensity
85km/h (50mph)(1-min);
09W formed west of the Philippines on August 9. It traveled northwest, and hit China as a tropical storm on August 11.[12]
Typhoon Tess formed in the eastern Caroline Islands on September 16. The cyclone moved northwest over the following days, remained relatively weak until around the September 21, but on the 22nd it strengthened rapidly, with a wind speed of 135 mph (217 km/h) recorded in the US.
The pressure of Typhoon Tess was 993 millibars (29.3 inHg) at 9:00 (JST) on the same day and dropped to 900mb at 15:00 JST. This pressure drop corresponds to the largest of Pacific typhoons since 1951. Over the following days, Tess weakened, moving northeast. Tess finally crossed the Shima Peninsula and made landfall to Aichi Prefecture on the September 25, then swerving at the last hour, barely missing Tokyo. The storm then weakened into an extratropical cyclone on September 27 and dissipated on September 29, just south of the Korean Peninsula. During the storm, 393 people were killed and 85 were missing.[15]
Viola formed on October 3 in the South China Sea. It later moved east and strengthened into a Category 3 typhoon. Viola turned extratropical on October 8.
The Fleet Weather Central (FWC) and the Central Meteorological Observatory (CMO) began tracking a system west of the Marshall Islands on October 11. It slowly strengthened while moving west-northwest, slowing near Guam. After October 15, Alice turned northwest, intensifying further. It reached peak intensity near Iwo Jima on October 19 at 100 knots (though stronger winds near the eye were likely unobserved). Alice then weakened into a tropical storm, turning east and accelerating away from Japan. By October 22, near the International Date Line (IDL), it weakened to 35 knots. The CMO declared it extratropical six hours later as it crossed the IDL. The cyclone restrengthened to 60 knots by October 23, when the FWC ceased tracking.
A rare late-season Super Typhoon. Doris did not affect land, but caused nine fatalities when a USAF PB4Y-2 disappeared during a flight into the typhoon.[16]
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