The 1957 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1957, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1957 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Fleet Weather Center on Guam.
Twenty-two tropical storms developed in 1957 in the Northwestern Pacific. Tropical depressions were likely, but no records are known to exist that would mention any. Eighteen storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 8 reached super typhoon strength. An additional storm, Della, came across the Dateline from the Central Pacific, therefore it is not taken account in the total number of storms.
The first tropical cyclone of the 1957 season, classified as Tropical Storm 01W by the JTWC,[2] was initially identified early on January3 as a tropical depression over open waters east of the Philippines.[3][4] Within several hours, the system intensified into a tropical storm as it tracked west-northwestward. Later that day, the storm attained its peak intensity with winds of 45mph (72km/h)[3] and a barometric pressure of 995 millibars (29.4inHg).[4] Tropical Storm 01W maintained this intensity through January5 before abruptly weakening to a tropical depression near the eastern Philippines. The system made landfall in eastern Leyte early on January6 with winds of 35mph (56km/h) before dissipating the following day over Romblon.[3][4]
About two weeks after Tropical Storm 01W dissipated over the Philippines, a new tropical depression formed to the southeast of Guam on January21. Gradual intensification took place as the depression tracked westward.[4] The JTWC began monitoring the system as Tropical Storm Rose the following day,[2] with the first advisory on the storm placing maximum winds at 50mph (80km/h). Rose maintained this intensity for roughly 24hours before undergoing a brief period of rapid intensification, attaining winds of 110mph (180km/h) early on January23. For most of the day, the now Category2 typhoon, strengthened at a more modest rate before undergoing a second brief period of rapid intensification. At the end of the second strengthening phase, Rose had attained its peak intensity just below Category5 status, on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale, with winds of 155mph (249km/h),[5] and a minimum pressure of 952 millibars (28.1inHg).[4] Upon attaining this intensity, Rose became the most intense January typhoon on record, surpassing that of Super Typhoon Karen in 1948.[5][6]
After attaining its peak intensity, Rose began to take a more northerly track and weakened. Late on January25, Rose rapidly weakened to a low-end typhoon and by January26, the system had further weakened to a tropical storm. The JTWC continued to monitor the weakening tropical storm until January27, by which time Rose had maximum winds of 40mph (64km/h).[5] However, the JMA continued monitoring the remnants of Rose as it turned sharply eastward over open waters. During the afternoon of January28, the depression nearly stalled as it turned northward before accelerating and losing its identity south of Japan on January30.[4]
Shirley formed on April 11 east of the Philippines. It moved north and intensified to its brief peak of 115mph (185km/h) winds and a pressure of 975mbar on April 15. Shirley then turned to the northwest and weakened to a tropical storm on April 16. Shirley turned to the west and dissipated on April 18 near the northern end of Luzon.
Trix formed on May 2 near the Marshall Islands. It moved north briefly on May 3 and May 4, intensified to its peak of 140mph (230km/h) on May 5, and then turned to the west-northwest. Trix turned to the north on May 9 and to the east-northeast on May 10, weakening to a Category2 typhoon on May 11. Trix continued to move northeast and weakened to a Category 1 typhoon on May 13. It dissipated on May 17 just over the Date Line without affecting any land.
Virginia formed on June 18 in the open western Pacific east of the southern Philippines. It moved west and strengthened to a typhoon on June 20 and reached its peak of 175mph (282km/h)and a minimum central pressure of 900 mbar on June 22. Virginia then began to move northwest and weakened to a Category4 typhoon as it passed east of Luzon on June 23 and June 24. It turned northward on June 24, strengthened to a secondary peak of 160mph (260km/h), and weakened before it made landfall in Taiwan on June 25 as a Category2 typhoon. Virginia then continued to move north and then northeast until its dissipation on June 28.
Virginia was an early season typhoon. It destroyed 1,000 buildings and killed 86people as it sliced through Taiwan and southern Japan. The storm left $20million (1957USD) in damage.[7]
Wendy formed on July 10, and took a western path. It was projected to make landfall in the Philippines, which it did do on July 14 with 105mph winds and a pressure of 985mbar. After landfall, it weakened to a category one typhoon, but restrengthened after reaching the Pacific Ocean again. It battered Hong Kong when it struck it on July 16. When typhoon Wendy initially hit, it injured 8 people, killed 8 people, and 1 was missing but as it continued to pass on the death toll raised to 16.[8]
On August 12, the seventh storm of the season formed. Agnes moved in an erratic northern direction until August 16, when it briefly turned to the northwest toward China. Agnes then began to curve towards the north, passing over one of the Ryukyu Islands with 155mph winds and a minimum central pressure of 905mbar. After it passed over the islands, Agnes weakened to tropical storm strength. On August 21, South Korea was struck by a 50mph Agnes; their 1st[clarification needed] tropical cyclone of the season. It passed over the peninsula and briefly was over water before it hit Russia with 45mph winds. Agnes became extratropical the next day over southern Russia. Its extratropical form continued for two more days until it dissipated in the center of the Sea of Okhotsk.
08W formed on August 15, becoming the 8th of the season. It moved in a generally westward direction for a couple days until it struck Hainan on August 18 with 65mph winds and a minimum pressure of 984mbar. It moved south over land, retaining its strength. It soon moved north again, but suddenly turned southwest for a brief time before it returned to its original path. It weakened to a tropical depression on August 20 and struck mainland China later that day. It almost became extratropical almost at the same time. Ex-08W lingered northeast until the 24th, when the last of it was gone after ten days in existence.
A disturbance close to Japan's coast developed into a tropical depression on August 22, and became a tropical storm 6hours later. It managed to achieve a minimum central pressure of 999mbar before it struck the southeastern portion of Japan. It weakened to a tropical depression shortly before landfall though, and became extratropical the next day. But its extratropical remnants continued to move north-northeast, then northeast, and then east-northeast until it dissipated on August 27.
Bess formed on August 26 close to the Marshall Islands. After moving westward, Bess attained Category3 status with 115mph winds a pressure of 950mbar. It hit southern Japan on September 6 and later became extratropical over water on September 9. But the extratropical form of Bess continued east for one more day before it became disorganized enough to be declared dissipated.
On August30, the typhoon battered the United States military base on Iwo Jima with winds of 110mph (180km/h), resulting in communication loss for roughly 23hours. After communication was restored, officials on the island stated that there was likely no loss of life as a result of the storm.[9] Little damage also took place throughout Iwo Jima.[10]
Widespread damage took place throughout Kyushu as wind gusts up to 115mph (185km/h) and torrential rains impacted the region.[11] Along coastal regions, waves exceeding 13ft (4.0m) caused significant coastal damage.[12] In Kyushu, at least six people were killed, 14 others listed as missing and 28 more injured as a result of Bess.[13] According to police reports, 912 homes were destroyed and 1,522 others were severely damaged by flooding and landslides triggered by Typhoon Bess.[11] An additional 2,510 homes sustained minor damage.[13] Throughout Japan, an estimated 24,000 people were left homeless in the wake of the storm.[11] In all, at least 20 people were killed as a result of Bess in Japan.[14]
Carmen formed on September 9 north-northeast of the Philippines. It slowly moved north and the west over the course of three days, until it strengthened to a tropical storm. Carmen headed south briefly before heading east-northeast, when it began to strengthen even more. Carmen reached winds of 125mph and a pressure of 960mbar. But shortly thereafter, the strengthening stopped, and it slowly weakened. On September 15, Carmen made landfall in southern China and dissipated the following day.
A disturbance in the Intertropical Convergence Zone developed into Tropical Storm Della on September 1. Della moved west-northwestward, strengthening to a hurricane while west of Hawaii. There, it brought heavy surf to the western islands. The hurricane continued generally westward, moving to the southwest while crossing the International Date Line. It turned westward and the northwestward. During its long northwestward trek, Della reached its peak intensity of 140mph and a minimum central pressure of ≤960mbar. On September 14, Della began to travel a completely opposite direction-northeast. It continued that direction for a number of days, until it reached the Dateline as a 70mph tropical storm. As the storm was crossing the date line, it turned sharply to the north-northeast. A few days later, Della turned east-northeast and dissipated on September 18.
On September 14, in the open Pacific, Elaine was formed. It moved in a generally northwestward direction while gaining strength. Its peak intensity was 140mph and a pressure of 945mbar. But it turned sharply to the northeast and lost strength. On its penultimate day as a tropical cyclone, it turned eastward and became extratropical the next day. Elaine's extratropical form continued one more day, and dissipated, one week since its formation, just over the Dateline.
Faye formed on September 18. It strengthened at a moderate pace until it reached its peak of 160mph (260km/h) and 930mbar. After weakening, it struck Okinawa as a Category 2 typhoon; Faye battered the island, which was still recovering from Typhoon Emma that struck the same area a year ago. 53people died in its wake, while 79 were listed as missing. Faye also left damages, straining the expensive budget caused by past and future typhoons that struck the island. Faye passed over the Date Line and shortly after became extratropical on the last day of the month, but continued one more day as an extratropical system before it met its demise.[citation needed]
Gloria formed on September 17. After crossing the Philippines as a category two, it brought hurricane winds to Hong Kong and strong winds to Macau.[15] After landfall, it moved east and met its demise on September 24. It had a minimum central pressure of 980mbar and maximum winds of 105mph.
Hester formed on October 3, several hundred miles east of the Philippines. At first, it slowly intensified, then rapid intensification occurred, reaching its peak strength of 150mph while southeast of Japan. It then gradually weakened, weakening to a tropical storm southeast of the Kamchatka Peninsula. It then further weakened, dissipating just north of the Aleutian Islands.
Irma formed on October 9, west of the Philippines. The tropical cyclone strengthened to a category one typhoon with maximum sustained winds of 85mph and a minimum central pressure 990mbar. It moved west, and hit Vietnam with 80mph winds and a minimum central pressure of 995mbar. It dissipated on October 13, over the Thailand–Laos border.
Typhoon Irma brought torrential rains and high winds to Vietnam, resulting in nine fatalities and an estimated $2million in damage.[16]
Tropical Storm 17W formed on October 11. Later, it hit the Philippines as a tropical depression once, then again as a tropical depression, but actually strengthened to tropical storm strength while over land. It continued west-northwest until it struck China. It dissipated around the same moment it made landfall on October 15. 16W had maximum sustained winds of 50mph and a minimum central pressure of 1000mbar.
Judy formed on October 19, in the open Pacific. It moved westward and strengthened into a super typhoon with maximum sustained winds of 150mph and a minimum central pressure of 960mbar. It then began to curve north, therefore weakening. Judy passed by Japan, but far away enough to avoid damage. Soon after that, it began to move east and then east-northeast as a tropical storm. Judy dissipated on October 30, just over the Date Line.
On November 6, Kit formed in the same general area as Super Typhoon Judy did. It moved westward and slowly strengthened. But after reaching tropical storm-strength, Kit's intensification rapidly quickened. It briefly became a category five super typhoon with maximum sustained winds of 160mph and a minimum central pressure of 910mbar. After weakening slightly, Kit struck the northern Philippines as a Category4 on November 11. After exiting land, Kit restrengthened into a Category 1 . It became extratropical on November 17 and dissipated shortly thereafter.
Torrential rains and high winds impacted much of northern Luzon, Philippines during a country-wide election. Nearly half of the 7.2million people expected to vote were effected by the typhoon. Severe property damage took place[17] and at least 19 people were killed in the country as a result of the storm.[18] Thousands of people were also left homeless in the wake of the typhoon.[19]
Lola formed on November 7 in the open Pacific. It moved west for a while before it shifted to a more northern position. It was shortly after that Lola had maximum sustained winds of 185mph and a minimum central pressure of 900mbar. Then Lola weakened and slowly curved east. It weakened to a tropical storm, then back to category one. But Lola was too far north to retain the strength and weakened even more. Lola dissipated on November 22, well over the Dateline. At some point, Lola hit Guam[20] and caused areas in Merizo to flood four to five feet.[21] In addition, damage was recorded in the Bikini Atoll after Lola passed near Kili Island. Crops were destroyed and the island's supply ship was sunk.[22]
On November 17, Tropical Storm Mamie developed over the open Pacific Ocean, in a way similar to Typhoon Lola's formation, but moved northwest instead. As soon as Mamie began to curved north, it attained its maximum sustained winds of 125mph and minimum central pressure of 960mbar. But then it moved east-northeast and rapidly weakened. Mamie moved north and became extratropical on November 24, and dissipated on November 25.
Season statistics
Impact
This table summarizes the death toll for selected cyclones. This table is restricted to storms that threatened land only. The color behind the date and location of landfall indicates its strength at that landfall or near miss.
The names use are the same as when they were last used, except for Virginia and Wendy, which replaced Vae and Wilma.
Agnes 07W
Bess 09W
Carmen 10W
Della
Elaine 11W
Faye 13W
Gloria 13W
Hester 14W
Irma 15W
Judy 17W
Kit 18W
Lola 19W
Mamie 20W
Nina
Ophelia
Phyllis
Rita
Susan
Tess
Viola
Winnie
Alice
Betty
Cora
Doris
Elsie
Flossie
Grace
Helen
Ida
June
Kathy
Lorna
Marie
Nancy
Olga
Pamela
Ruby
Sally
Tilda
Violet
Wilda
Anita
Billie
Clara
Dot
Ellen
Fran
Georgia
Hope
Iris
Joan
Kate
Louise
Marge
Nora
Opal
Patsy
Ruth
Sarah
Thelma
Vera
Wanda
Amy
Babs
Charlotte
Dinah
Emma
Freda
Gilda
Harriet
Ivy
Jean
Karen
Lucille
Mary
Nadine
Olive
Polly
Rose 02W
Shirley 03W
Trix 04W
Virginia 05W
Wendy 06W
One eastern Pacific storm, Hurricane Della, crossed into this basin. It became Typhoon Della, keeping its original name (even though its name was from the West Pacific list) and "C" suffix. In addition, Hurricane Nina formed in the Central Pacific, and remained in the basin. It received a name on the West Pacific list; but doesn't count as part of the 1957 Pacific typhoon season.
The 1957 Atlantic hurricane season featured one of the longest-travelling tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin, Hurricane Carrie. Nevertheless, the season was generally inactive, with eight tropical storms – two of which went unnamed – and three hurricanes, two of which intensified further to attain major hurricane intensity. The season officially began on June 15 and ended on November 15, though the year's first tropical cyclone developed prior to the start of the season on June 8. The final storm dissipated on October 27, well before the official end of the season. The strongest hurricane of the year was Carrie, which reached the equivalent of a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale on two separate occasions in the open Atlantic; Carrie later caused the sinking of the German ship Pamir southwest of the Azores, resulting in 80 deaths.
The 1949 Atlantic hurricane season was the last season that tropical cyclones were not publicly labeled by the United States Weather Bureau. It officially began on June 15, and lasted until November 15. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. The first storm, a tropical depression, developed in the northern Gulf of Mexico on August 14. The final system, Tropical Storm Sixteen, dissipated in the southwestern Caribbean Sea on November 5. It was a fairly active season, featuring 16 tropical storms and seven hurricanes. Two of these strengthened into major hurricanes, which are Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.
The 1927 Atlantic hurricane season was a relatively inactive season, with eight tropical storms, four of which became hurricanes. One of these became a major hurricane – Category 3 or higher on the modern day Saffir–Simpson scale. The first system, a tropical depression, developed on August 13, while the final cyclone, a tropical storm, merged with a cold front on November 21. No hurricane made landfall in the United States, in contrast to the four that struck the U.S. in the previous season.
The 1919 Atlantic hurricane season was among the least active hurricane seasons in the Atlantic on record, featuring only five tropical storms. Of those five tropical cyclones, two of them intensified into a hurricane, with one strengthening into a major hurricane Two tropical depressions developed in the month of June, both of which caused negligible damage. A tropical storm in July brought minor damage to Pensacola, Florida, but devastated a fleet of ships. Another two tropical depressions formed in August, the first of which brought rainfall to the Lesser Antilles.
The 2000 Pacific typhoon season marked the first year using names contributed by the World Meteorological Organization. It was a rather below-average season, producing a total of 23 tropical storms, 13 typhoons and 4 intense typhoons. The season ran throughout 2000, though typically most tropical cyclones develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Damrey, developed on May 7, while the season's last named storm, Soulik, dissipated on January 4 of the next year. The Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index for the 2000 Pacific typhoon season as calculated by Colorado State University using data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center was 252.9 units.
The 1975 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15, 1975, in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1975, in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1975. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeast Pacific Ocean.
The 1998 Pacific typhoon season was the least active Pacific typhoon season on record, until it was surpassed 12 years later. It would produce 16 tropical storms, 8 strengthening into typhoons. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1998 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
The 1995 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly below average season in terms of named storms, ending a 6-year stretch of above average activity. It occurred all year round, though most tropical cyclones formed between May and November.
The 1992 Pacific typhoon season is the fourth consecutive above-average season, producing 31 tropical storms, 16 typhoons and five super typhoons. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1992. Despite this, most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 1980 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly-below average season when compared to the long-term average, though it featured several intense storms. It ran year-round in 1980, but most tropical cyclones formed between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. A total of 28 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 24 became tropical storms and were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Beginning in March, tropical cyclones formed in each subsequent month through December. Of the 24 named storms, 15 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 2 reached super typhoon strength.
The 1979 Pacific typhoon season featured the largest and most intense tropical cyclone recorded globally, Typhoon Tip. The season also used both male and female names as tropical cyclone names for the first time. Additionally, the season was slightly below-average in terms of tropical cyclone activity, with only 24 storms, 12 typhoons, and 4 super typhoons developing. The season had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1979, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 1970 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1970, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 1975 Pacific typhoon season was one of the deadliest tropical cyclone seasons on record, with nearly 229,000 fatalities occurring during the season. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1975, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 1971 Pacific typhoon season was an extremely active season that featured the second highest typhoon count on record. It has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1971, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 1967 Pacific typhoon season was one of the most active Pacific typhoon seasons on record, witnessing the formation of 35 tropical storms during the season. It began on January 1, 1967, though most storms usually form between June and December within the basin. The first storm of the season, Ruby, formed on January 28 west of the Philippines. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1967 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical depressions that are monitored by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) were given a numerical designation with a "W" suffix, and any storms reaching 1-minute sustained winds of over 40 mph were given a name. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
The 1962 Pacific typhoon season had no official bounds; there was activity in every month but January, March, and June, but most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November and this conventionally delimits the season.
The 1960 Pacific typhoon season had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1960, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 1958 Pacific typhoon season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The season had no official bounds, but tropical cyclones in the Western Pacific Ocean normally develop between May and October. The season was below average in storms, with only twenty-three forming. However, all but two of those storms developed into typhoons, resulting in a well above-average number of typhoons, and a very high ACE figure of 445.8 units. In addition, there were also nine tropical storms tracked only by the JMA. The season began very early, with a very rare super typhoon in January, Typhoon Ophelia, and ended in early December with Typhoon Olga. It also featured Typhoon Ida, the strongest storm ever recorded at that time.
The 1945 Pacific typhoon season was the first official season to be included in the West Pacific typhoon database. It was also the first season to name storms. It has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1945, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 1939 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1939, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
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